International Benchmark on Indoor Air Quality and Renewal Guidance and Regulations

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M
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2	List of Initiatives on Funding, Guidances and Regulations related to Indoor Air Quality in Schools and Public Buildings
3	This sheet is available at https://letsair.org/benchmark
4	Identifying and interpreting texts and figures relating to indoor air quality is sometimes complicated. We are doing our best. Comments and suggestions at info@nousaerons.fr. Last update : 09/01/2025
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6	CO2 monitoring	Year	SCHOOLS Regulations & Guidelines					BUILDINGS Regulations		General Guidances and Reports
7	CO2 monitoring	Year	CO2 Regulations	CO2 Monitors mandatory	CO2 Guidance	% of poorly ventilated schools	Investments per capita	CO2 Regulations	CO2 Guidance	Guidance 1	Guidance 2	Guidance 3
8	INTERNATIONAL ORG.
9	World Health Organisation				800 ppm (2021)
10	Lancet Commission									Guidance (2023)
11	EUROPE
12	Belgium		900 ppm					900 ppm (2023)
13	Deutschland				1000 ppm (2019)		8 €	1000 ppm (2012)	1000 ppm (2017)
14	Denmark		1000 ppm (2018)
15	England				1500 ppm (2018)			800 ppm (2021)	1000ppm (2018)	UK Parliament (2023)			800 ppm (2023)
16	Estonia		1000 ppm (2013)
17	France		800 ppm (2022)		800 ppm (2021)	75% (2018)	1,5 €	1000 ppm (1980's)	800 ppm (2021)	CSTB guidance (2023)	Batiment Ventilation (2023)	CEREMA (2023)
18	Ireland				1000 ppm (2023)		12 €		1000 ppm	HSA Guidance (2023)
19	Italia				1000 ppm (2022)				1000 ppm (2022)	Instituto Superiore di Sanita (2022)
20	Netherlands			2023/.../€17M	950 ppm (>2012) 1250 ppm (<2012)		21 €
21	Portugal		1250 ppm (2013)						1250 ppm
22	Spain				800 ppm (2021)			770 ppm (2021)	800 ppm (2021)
23	Switzerland				1000 ppm
24	United Kingdom			2021/300,000/£25M						Future Urban Ventilation Network
25	AMERICA
26	USA				800 ppm (2023)	41% (2020)	30 €		CDC Guidance	ASHRAE 241 guidance (2023)	US Green Building Council	EPA website	Center for Green Schools
27	USA / New York		Work in progress					Work in progress
28	USA / Wisconsin		Work in progress
29	USA / California				800 ppm (2024)
30	Canada						32 €
31	Canada / Québec			2022/90,000/$76M
32	Canada / Ontario				900 ppm (2022)				1050 ppm (2022)
33	ASIA
34	South Korea		1000 ppm						1000 ppm
35	Taiwan		1000 ppm (2014)						1000 ppm
36	Singapore				800/1100 ppm (2022)				800/1100 ppm (2022)
37	Hong Kong				800 ppm (2019)				800 ppm (2019)
38	AUSTRALIA
39	Australia						8 €
40	New-Zealand				800 ppm (2023)
41	IAQ Monitoring	Year	SCHOOLS IAQ Monitoring						BUILDINGS
42	USA / Boston		4322 classrooms
43	Canada / Berkley		687 classrooms
44	Germany / Lübeck		2200 classrooms and 28 nurseries
45	Latvia		872 classrooms and social centers
46	YokoHama / Japan		1999 CO2 monitors in classroom
47	AIR PURIFIERS	Year	SCHOOLS Funding						BUILDINGS funding
48	AIR PURIFIERS	Year	Nb of air purif.	Comments	Population	Pop. / #purif.	Program Cost
49	Singapore			In all schools	5.5 M
50	USA / Michigan		42 600		10 M	235
51	USA / Utah			75% equipped	3.3 M
52	USA / Philadelphia			Free air purifiers	1.6 M
53	USA / Portland		3 500		641 000	183
54	USA / Colorado			Free air purifiers	5.8 M
55	USA / Alabama		24 000		5 M	208	$22M
56	USA / Illinois		60 000		12.7 M	212	$30M
57	USA / New Jersey			Free air purifiers	9.3 M
58	Serbia / Belgrade		11 500		1.4 M	122
59	Australia/Victoria		110 000		6.7 M	61	€110M
60	VENTILATION	Year	SCHOOLS Funding						BUILDINGS
61	USA / Connecticut		$200 M
62	Canada / New Brunswick	2024	CA$ 18 M
63	RESEARCH	Year	SCHOOLS / Research studies that are in progress						BUILDINGS
64	Estonia		Project
65	Italy		necessARIA	QAES
66	United Kingdom		Official description	Another description	Academic article	Press article			Project
67	United Kingdom		SAMHE Project	Press article	CoSchools
68	Netherlands		Utrecht University
69	USA		Stanford
70	USA		CU Boulder	Another article
71	USA / Boston		Boston
72	USA / Corsi-Rosenthal		Press article	Academic presentation	EPA Test Wildfire Smoke
73	United Arab Emirates		Join venture with Johnson Control
74	HISTORY	Year	Title				Country		Recommandation		Remarks
75	Thomas Tredgold	1824	Principles of Warming and Ventilating Public Buildings				Scotland		Fresh air per individual = 8 m3/h		French translation
76	Pr Max von Pettenkofer	1858	About air exchange in residential buildings				Germany		CO2 level < 1000 ppm
77	Dr. H. Wolpert	1884	Simple determination of the carbon dioxide content of the room air				Germany		CO2 level < 700 ppm
78	Dr Emile Javal	1884	Hygiene of primary schools and nursery schools				France		CO2 level < 600 ppm
79	S. H. Woodbridge	1888	Technology Quaterly - Heating and Ventilation				USA		CO2 level < 600 pm		600, 800, 1000, 1500 pppm
80	Ellen H. Richards	1893	Carbon Dioxide as a Measure of the Efficiency of Ventilation				USA		CO2 level < 700 ppm
81	Raymond W. Osborne	1915	School heating and ventilation - a study in applied physics				USA		CO2 level < 700 ppm
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