| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AQ | AR | AS | AT | AU | AV | AW | AX | AY | AZ | BA | BB | BC | BD | BE | BF | BG | BH | BI | BJ | BK | BL | BM | BN | BO | BP | ||
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1 | Acronym | Name | Reference | Year | DOI | Citations | Cited_in_abstract | Citation_per_year | Abstract_per_year | Ratio_AC | Ratio_year | Scoring | Population | N_sample | Age_samples | Education_samples | Rater | Modality | Age_Caregiver | Education_caregiver | Language_list | English | Chinese | Hindi | Spanish | French | Arabic | Russian | Portuguese | Other | Languages | Period | Setting | Compared_to_NPI | Correlation_coefficients | Compared_to_other | Correlations_coefficients_others | IntCons_Cronbach | IRR_ICC | TRT_ICC_sample | TRT_ICC | Time frame | Other_versions | Reference_other_versions | Derived | References_mother | Pros | Cons | Type | Items | Aberrant motor or wandering | Agitation | Aggression Ph | Aggression V | Anxiety | Apathy | Delusion | Depression | Disinhibition | Eating | Euphoria | Hallucinations | Irritability | Sleeping | Uncooperativeness | Harmful to self | Other uncategorizable | Notes | |
2 | ABC-DS | ABC Dementia Scale | Kikuchi 2018 | 2018 | 10.4172/2161-0460.1000429 | 7 | 3 | 1,707317073 | 0,7317073171 | 0,429 | 0,107 | 13-117 (total), 3-27 (domain B) | AD patients | 312 | Healthcare staff | Interview with caregiver | French, Korean, English, Chinese | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Korean | English and other few (< 5) | 12 weeks | Outpatient clinic | NPI-distress | -0,64 | 218 | 0,964 | 1 week | No | Stable, monitor disease progression. Also used pictorial descriptions. | Observational, medical treatments not considered. Licensed (to be purchased) | Narrow | 3 | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | Domain A (ADL) with 6 sub-items, Domain C (Cognitive) with 4 sub-items | |||||||||||||
3 | ABID | Agitated Behavior in Dementia scale | Logsdon 1999 | 1999 | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07439.x | 68 | 3 | 2,943722944 | 0,1298701299 | 0,044 | 0,002 | 0-96 (frequency score) and 0-64 (caregiver reaction score) | AD patients | 148 | 74.8 ± 7.1 | 12.6 ± 3.5 | Caregiver | 65.6 ± 13.0 | 13.3 ± 2.6 | English, Japanese | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Japanese | English and other few (< 5) | 2 one-week intervals | Outpatient clinic | No | RMBPC, BRSD, CMAI | 0.74, 0.65, 0.62 | 0,7 | 92 | 0.73 (frequency), 0.60 (reaction) | 2 weeks | Focus on agitated behavior, includes caregiver distress, reportedly short (<15 min) | Only evaluates frequency (not severity) | Broad | 16 | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (2) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | ||||||||||
4 | ABMI | Agitation Behavior-Mapping Instrument | Cohen-Mansfield 1989 | 1989 | 10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<611::aid-jclp2270450417>3.0.co;2-f | 1031 | 3 | 31,14803625 | 0,09063444109 | 0,003 | 0,000 | 0-140 (frequency of each item in a 3 minute period) + 1-5 (disruptiveness) | Elderly | 24 | 86.7 [62-93] | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | 2 weeks | Nursing home | No | No | Focus on agitated behavior, includes triggers, includes disruptiveness | Only observational | Broad | 14 | Yes (3) | Yes (5) | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||||
5 | ABS | Abe's BPSD score | Abe 2015 | 2015 | 10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.029 | 37 | 4 | 5,211267606 | 0,5633802817 | 0,108 | 0,015 | 0-44 | Patients with dementia | 81 | 81.6 ± 9.9 | Caregiver | 65.2 ± 11.5 | English, Portuguese, Japanese | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Japanese | English and other few (< 5) | Not stated | Home or NH | NPI | 0,716 | Good correlation with NPI, high correlation between primary and secondary caregivers | Only evaluates frequency (not severity) | Broad | 10 | Yes (1) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1**) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1***) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1**) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1*** - toilet problems) | ||||||||||||||||
6 | ABeS | Aggressive Behavior Scale | Perlman 2008 | 2008 | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02048.x | 163 | 14 | 11,56028369 | 0,9929078014 | 0,086 | 0,006 | 0-12 | Patients with dementia | 214 | 82.0 ± 11.3 | Nurse | Observational | English, Chinese | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English and other few (< 5) | 1 week | Nursing home | No | CMAI - aggression subscore | 0,72 | 0,8 | Yes | 10.1093/geronj/49.4.m174 | Quick and easy | Only evaluates frequency (not severity) | Narrow | 4 | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | |||||||||||||
7 | ACID | Anxiety in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Scale | Gerolimatos 2015 | 2015 | 10.1017/S1041610215001027 | 14 | 0 | 1,971830986 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0-26 | Patients with dementia | 45 | 77.6 ± 11.0 | 11.9 ± 3.9 | Clinician | Interview with patient and proxy | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One day | Outpatient clinic | NPI-anxiety | 0.27 (SR) - 0.52 (PR) | CSDD-Person, CSDD-Proxy | 0.71 (SR-person), 0.81 (PR-proxy) | 0,87 (SR) - 0,73 (PR) | Combines impact of a symptom in terms of presence and distress, combines self-report and proxy report | Only evaluates anxiety, weak association between proxy and patient (r = 0.14) | Broad | 13 | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (3) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (7 - somehow related to anxiety but aspecific) | ||||||||||||
8 | ADAS-Noncog | Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Non cognitive subscale | Rosen 1984 | 1984 | 10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 | 3481 | 15 | 91,3648294 | 0,3937007874 | 0,004 | 0,000 | 0-50 | AD patients | 27 | 65.1 ± 7.4 | 14.6 ± 2.6 | Clinician | Observational or interview with patient and/or informant | English, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, German, French | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Italian, Swedish, German | English and many others (>5) | 1 week | Outpatient clinic | No | 0.945 (original) | No | Long, includes two items which might not be BPSD, no normative data, not widely used (Kueper 2018) | Broad | 10 | Yes (2) | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (2 - distractability, tremors) | The citations are for ADAS (Cog part is widely used, non-cog part is not, only a few citations used it) | ||||||||||||||
9 | AEPC | Assessment of the Environment for Person-Centered Management of BPSD and Assessment of Policies for Person-Centered Management of BPSD | Resnick 2021 | 2021 | no doi, PMID: 34378006 | No | Evaluates the environment rather than the person, it's more useful for prevention | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Apathy Inventory | Apathy Inventory | Robert 2002 | 2002 | 10.1002/gps.755 | 309 | 33 | 15,37313433 | 1,641791045 | 0,107 | 0,005 | 0-36 | AD patients | 115 | 74.9 ± 7.1 | Clinician | Interview with patient and caregiver | English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Korean | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Korean | English and other few (< 5) | Not stated | Outpatient clinic | NPI-disphoria | ns | 0.84 (caregiver version) | Only evaluates apathy | Narrow | 3 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (3) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||||
11 | AWS | Algase Wandering Scale | Algase 2001 | 2001 | 10.1177/153331750101600301 | 73 | 6 | 3,45971564 | 0,2843601896 | 0,082 | 0,004 | Not provided (each item is rated on a four-point ordinal scale) | Patients with dementia | 151 | 85.7 ± 6.5 | Healthcare staff | Observational | English, French, German, Korean, Japanese | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | German, Korean, Japanese | English and many others (>5) | 16 hours | Nursing home | No | 0,86 | Revised AWS, AWS Version 2 | 10.1177/1533317513494454 ; 10.1177/153331751349 | Subscales with good internal consistency | Focus only on wandering. Interpretation of scores not provided. | Narrow | 28 | Yes (28) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||
12 | BADGP | Behavioral Activities in Demented Geriatric Patients | Ferm 1974 | 1974 | 10.1159/000245521 | 47 | 1 | 0,9771309771 | 0,02079002079 | 0,021 | 0,000 | 13-78 | Patients with dementia | 136 | Nurse | Observational | English, Finnish | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Finnish | English and other few (< 5) | Not defined | Hospital | No | Yes | 10.1159/000244817 | Includes cognitive aspects | Mostly cognitive, no direct mention of BPSD | Narrow | 13 | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (10 - cognitive aspects) | Two BPSD are rated inversely (quietness, participation) | |||||||||||||||
13 | BARS | Brief Agitation Rating Scale | Finkel 1993 | 1993 | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb05948.x | 92 | 2 | 3,161512027 | 0,06872852234 | 0,022 | 0,001 | 10-70 | Elderly | 232 | 86 [65-102] | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | 2 weeks | Nursing home | No | BSSD, BEHAVE-AD | not always significant, depending on shift | 0.74 (day) - 0.82 (evening) | Yes | 10.1093/geronj/44.3.m77 | Not specific for patients with dementia. Only rates frequency. | Narrow | 10 | Yes (1) | Yes (6) | Yes (3) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||
14 | BEAM-D | Behavioral and Emotional Activities Manifested in Dementia | Sinha 1992 | 1992 | 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90020-4 | 44 | 2 | 1,46179402 | 0,06644518272 | 0,045 | 0,002 | 0-69 | Patients with dementia | 45 | 76.7 ± 9.9 | 11.1 ± 4.6 | Clinician | Interview with patient and caregiver and observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not defined | Any | No | Yes | ADAS, Hamilton rating scale for depression | Only observational | Broad | 18 | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1)^ | Yes (2) | No | Yes (4 - Disruption of other's activities, hoarding behavior, appropriateness/stability of affect) | |||||||||||||||
15 | BEHAVE-AD | Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale | Reisberg 1987 | 1987 | no doi, PMID: 3553166 | 1118 | 120 | 31,85185185 | 3,418803419 | 0,107 | 0,003 | Each category (A-G) is scored independently, as is the global rating question | AD patients | 57 | 75 + 9.1 | Caregiver | English, Dutch, Japanese, German, Italian, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French, Cantonese | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Dutch, Japanese, German, Italian, Korean, Cantonese | English and many others (>5) | 2 weeks | Outpatient clinic | No | BEHAVE-AD-FW // E-BEHAVE-AD // EPDTA (only in French) | 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00524-1 // 10.1017/S1041610296002621 // no doi, PMID: 11283463 | No | Well validated and widely used, also in trials leading to risperidone, rivastigmine and memantine approval, includes impact on caregiver | Long, total score is not weighted. | Broad | 25 | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (4) | No | Yes (7) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | Yes (5) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Part I: symptomatology, Part II: global rating | ||||||||||||||
16 | BMDS | Behavioural and Mood Disturbance Scale | Green 1982 | 1982 | 10.1093/ageing/11.2.121 | 484 | 24 | 12,06982544 | 0,5985037406 | 0,050 | 0,001 | 0-60 (RSS), 0-136 (BMDS) | Elderly | 38 | 76 [59-87] | Caregiver | English, Italian, Norwegian, Chinese | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Italian, Norwegian | English and other few (< 5) | Not defined | Casa | No | Measures of caregiver distress included | It's hard to classify the symptoms into one BPSD domain; excessively long; includes behaviors that are not BPSD, but rather symptoms of dementia | Broad | 34 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (8) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (10 - Hoarding and cognitive aspects) | ||||||||||||||||||
17 | BPC | Behavioral Problem Checklist | O'Malley 2016 | 2016 | 10.1080/07317115.2015.1121196 | 3 | 0 | 0,4918032787 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0-7 (mean average for each of 3 subscales + ADL and IADL | Anyone | 456 | 79 ± 11.6 | Caregiver | 60 ± 11.1 | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | 4-6 months | Home | No | RMBPC | Not always significant | 0.88-0.93 for the subscales | Both for dementias and chronic illnesses. Includes cognitive aspects. | Broad | 34 (in the "behavioral" subscale) | No | No | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (21 - Personality changes, suspiciousness, social relations, energy level, homicidal thoughts, other mostly cognitive aspects, 2 "other" items) | One subscale for BPSD, one subscale for ADL, one subscale for attribution. | ||||||||||||||
18 | BPSD-DS | BPSD in Down Syndrome Scale | Dekker 2018 | 2018 | 10.3233/jad-170920 | 32 | 3 | 7,804878049 | 0,7317073171 | 0,094 | 0,023 | -44 -> + 44 (frequency change), -36 -> +36 (severity change) | Down syndrome | Clinician | Interview with informant | Dutch, Italian, Spanish, English, French | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Italian, Dutch | English and other few (< 5) | Six months compared to characteristic past | Outpatient clinic | No | 0.90 (frequency) - 0.88 (severity) | BPSD-DS II | 10.3233/JAD-219007 | Available in Italian; also considering caregiver's burden; considers change | Only validated on patients with Down's syndrome | Broad | 12 | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Obstinacy | ||||||||||||||||
19 | BPSD-T | Behavioral and Psychological Symptom of Dementia assessment tool, Thai version | Phannarus 2020 | 2020 | 10.1002/brb3.1816 | 2 | 0 | 0,9523809524 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 14-56 (BPSD-DS) 14-56 (CG's burden) | Patients with dementia | 168 | 80.7 ± 6.7 | Caregiver | Thai, English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Thai | English and other few (< 5) | One month | Outpatient clinic | NPI | 0,684 | Also considering caregiver's burden | Broad | 14 | Yes (2) | No | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (3 - Repeating, misidentification, hoarding) | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | BSO-DOS | Dementia Observation System | Schindel 1998 (introvabile) | 1998 | no doi; User Manual available at https://brainxchange.ca/BSODOS | Patients with dementia | Nurse | Observational | English, French | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | English and other few (< 5) | Customizable | Hospital or NH | Customizable and observational, rates all states from sleeping to states at risk; web based tool which calculates the average episodes in terms of blocks and hours and risk. Includes causes, planning and interventions. Analysis of the data to understand behavior. Manual and resources available. | Requires constant observation, a bit complicated, analysis table may be a bit difficult to analyse | Broad | 8+ | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | It's possible to track additional behaviors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | BSSD | Behavioral Syndromes Scale for Dementia | Devanand 1992 | 1992 | 10.1017/S104161029200125X | 150 | 0 | 4,983388704 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | Each item is rated 0-6 (except denial, 0-4), and scores are summed for each syndrome. A global score for each syndrome is also given (based on overall impression). | Patients with dementia | 106 | 72.1 ± 9.8 | 11.5 ± 4.2 | Clinician | Interview with caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One week | Outpatient clinic | 0.69-0.83 (for subscores) | 0.76-0.95 (for subscores) | Extremely complicated. Some subsyndromes include items in a rather arbitrary way. | Broad | 30+ | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (7) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (7 - Denial, Sundowning (2 items), Self-centeredness, Stubborness, Dependency, Stereotypy) | 5 different subsyndromes, namely dishinibition, apathy, catastrophic reactions, sowndown, denial (rated differently) | |||||||||||||||
22 | CABOS | Computer-Assisted Behavioral Observation System | Burgio 1994 | 1994 | 10.1093/geronj/49.5.p230 | 106 | 1 | 3,772241993 | 0,03558718861 | 0,009 | 0,000 | Descriptive statistics of disruptive vocalizations | Patients with dementia | 11 | 86 ± 7.4 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Continuous observation for 2 weeks | Nursing home | also collects data on location, activity, social environment, sound, use of physical restraint, to orient treatment | Not applicable anymore (used outdate software and hardware). Only focus on verbal distruption. Only investigates frequency, and not severity. | Broad | 1 | No | Yes (1*) | No | Yes (1*) | No | No | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | All grouped into disruptive vocalization | ||||||||||||||||||
23 | CAMDEX | Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination | Roth 1986 | 1986 | 10.1192/bjp.149.6.698 | 1821 | 47 | 50,4432133 | 1,301939058 | 0,026 | 0,001 | Not clear (BPSDs are not in the same sections, and there is a separated Depression Scale) | Elderly | 40 | 65 | Mixed | Observational and interview with patient and caregiver | English, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Danish | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | German, Dutch, Italian, Polish, Danish | English and many others (>5) | Not stated | Outpatient clinic | No | CAMDEX-R, CAMDEX-DS, CAMDEX-DS-II | Yes | 10.1192/bjp.114.512.797 | Not free; difficult to score, extremely long, mixed with other aspects, doesn't focus on BPSD (both in section A and H). CAMCOG might be more widely used than the BPSD part. | Broad | Not clear | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes (21) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||||
24 | CBS | Challenging Behavior Scale | Moniz-Cook 2001 | 2001 | 10.1348/014466501163715 | 38 | 5 | 1,800947867 | 0,2369668246 | 0,132 | 0,006 | 0-25 (total number of behaviors), 0-100 (frequency), 0-100 (difficulty), level of challenge (0-400: sum of product of frequency x difficulty) | Patients with dementia | 382 | 82.7 ± 8.1 | Nurse | Observational | English, Hebrew, Chinese | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Hebrew | English and other few (< 5) | 8 weeks | Nursing home | No | 0.82-0.87 (for subscores) | 0.59-0.66 (for subscores) | 49 | 0.97-0.99 | 10 days | Yes | BPC | Complicated and long | Broad | 25 | Yes (1) | Yes (4) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (2) | No | No | Yes (3) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (10 - Clinging, interfering with other people, hoarding, suspiciousness, manipulative, lack of self care, spitting, faecal smearing, dangeros behaviour, demands attention) | |||||||||||
25 | CBS-8 | Columbia Behavior Scale for Dementia | Mansbach 2021 | 2021 | 10.3928/19404921-20210326-02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0-24 (each item is rated 0-3) | Patients with dementia | 350 | 79.1 ± 10.2 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One month | Nursing home | 0,78 | 1 | Quick; only consider positive symptoms | Requires (minimal) training; only evaluates frequency | Broad | 8 | Yes (1) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1*) | No | Yes (1*) | No | Yes (1*) | No | No | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||||
26 | CDBQ | California Dementia Behavior Questionnaire Caregiver and Clinical Assessment of Behavioral Disturbance | Victoroff 1997 | 1997 | 10.1017/S1041610297004316 | 9 | 0 | 0,3585657371 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0-248 (I part, frequency), 0-57 (II part, severity) | Patients with dementia | 258 | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One month (but also ask if present in the last 6 months) | Outpatient clinic | No | BEHAVE-AD, CUSPAD | 0.461, 0.518 | 0.91-0.92 (for subscales) | Yes | CUSPAD, BEHAVE-AD, CMAI, HDI, ZBI | Also evaluate caregiver burden | Extremely long and complicated, redundant | Broad | 62 + 19 | Yes (3+0) | Yes (3+2) | Yes (2+0) | Yes (1+0) | Yes (3+1) | Yes (0+7) | Yes (12+0) | Yes (6+1) | Yes (3+0) | Yes (4+0) | Yes (0+1) | Yes (10+0) | Yes (0+2) | Yes (4+0) | Yes (1+0) | No | Yes (10+4 - Hoarding, shadowing and other cognitive aspects) | ||||||||||||||
27 | CERAD/BRSD | Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease/Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia | Tariot 1995 | 1995 | 10.1176/ajp.152.9.1349 | 399 | 28 | 14,72324723 | 1,033210332 | 0,070 | 0,003 | 5 items rated as present or absent, 43 items rated 0-9 based on frequency | Patients with dementia | 303 | 73.5 ± 7.8 | 12.6 ± 3.7 | Clinician | Interview with caregiver | English, French, Korean | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Korean | English and other few (< 5) | One month | Outpatient clinic | No | 17-item | No | Long and complicated, copyrighted | Broad | 48 | Yes (3) | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (3) | Yes (8) | Yes (7) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (5) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (6 - Tiredness, change in sexual drive, sudden change in emotion, somatic complaints, daily pattern of confusion, other unspecified) | |||||||||||||||
28 | CMAI | Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory | Cohen-Mansfield 1989 | 1989 | 10.1093/geronj/44.3.m77 | 1045 | 205 | 31,57099698 | 6,193353474 | 0,196 | 0,006 | 29-203 | Elderly | 408 | 85 [75-99] | Nurse | Observational | English, Chinese, Italian, Dutch, German, Slovak, Spanish, Turkish, Norwegian, Japanese, Polish, French, Korean | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Italian, Dutch, German, Slovak,Turkish, Norwegian, Japanese, Polish, Korean | English and many others (>5) | Nurse's shift or 2 weeks | Nursing home | Yes | Focus on significantly problematic behaviors | Long | Broad | 29 | Yes (3) | Yes (7) | Yes (8*) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (3*) | Yes (3 - hoarding, hiding, handling things) | |||||||||||||||||
29 | COBRA | Caretaker Obstreperous-Behavior Rating Assessment | Drachman 1992 | 1992 | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02012.x | 79 | 1 | 2,624584718 | 0,03322259136 | 0,013 | 0,000 | 12 different summary scores | Patients with dementia | 31 (outpatients) + 36 (inpatients) | 71.5 ± 7.9; 84.9 ± 6.4 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not stated | Outpatient clinic or NH | Evaluates frequency and severity | Too many scoring systems | Broad | 30 | Yes (4) | Yes (2) | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (2) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (7 - incontinence, weight change, personality change, pain tolerance, bradykinesia, hoarding, reclusiveness, following) | ||||||||||||||||||
30 | CPCE | Care Plan Checklist for Evidence of Person-Centered Approaches for BPSD | Resnick 2017 | 2017 | 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.10.021 | 10 | 1 | 1,960784314 | 0,1960784314 | 0,100 | 0,020 | 0-8 | Patients with dementia | 137 | 82.0 ± 11.4 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not stated | Nursing home | No | CMAI, CSDD | 0.44, 0.38 | 0,96 | Evaluates if a behavior is present and addressed | Doesn't evaluate severity or frequency | Broad | 8 | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Evaluates whether the identified behaviors are present and addressed in person-centered care plans | |||||||||||||
31 | CSDD | Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia | Alexopoulos 1988 | 1988 | 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90038-8 | 2135 | 410 | 62,60997067 | 12,02346041 | 0,192 | 0,006 | 0-38 | Patients with dementia | 83 | 79 [63-92] | Clinician | Interview with patient and caregiver | English, Norwegian, Chinese, Vietnamese, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Persian, Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Turkish, Portuguese, Finnish, Thai, Malaysian, German, French, Danish | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Norwegian, Vietnamese, Italian, Dutch, Persian, Japanese, Korean, Turkish, Finnish, Thai, Malaysian, German, Danish | English and many others (>5) | One week | Outpatient clinic | No | 0,84 | mCSDD4-MA | 10.2196/29021 | Long (30 minutes), confuses severity and frequency (mild or intermittent); not suitable for aphasic patients | Broad | 19 | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (5) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (4 - retardation, multiple physical complaints, weight loss, diurnal variation) | |||||||||||||||
32 | CUSPAD | Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in Alzheimer's disease | Devanand 1992 | 1992 | 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530280051022 | 208 | 22 | 6,910299003 | 0,73089701 | 0,106 | 0,004 | Not clear | AD patients | 91 | 72.0 ± 9.8 | Caregiver | English, German, Greek | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | German, Greek | English and other few (< 5) | One month | Outpatient clinic | No | Complicated scoring system | Broad | 24 | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (10) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (6) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1 - sundowning) | |||||||||||||||||||
33 | DAIR | Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating scale | Strauss 2002 | 2002 | 10.1097/01.WNN.0000020010.79870.C3 | 84 | 8 | 4,179104478 | 0,3980099502 | 0,095 | 0,005 | 0-3 (average of each completed item, which is rated 0-3) | Patients with dementia | 100 | 75.0 ± 8.5 | Caregiver | English, Spanish | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | English and other few (< 5) | One month | Outpatient clinic | CERAD/BRSD | not significant | 0,89 | Evaluates whether the behavior was present before illness onset | Only suitable for mild to moderate dementia. Only evaluates frequency. | Narrow | 16 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (16) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||||
34 | DBDS | Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale | Baumgarten 1990 | 1990 | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb03495.x | 223 | 34 | 6,947040498 | 1,059190031 | 0,152 | 0,005 | 0-112 | Patients with dementia | 96 | 77.8 ± 6.2 (sample 1), 68.9 ± 8.2 (sample 2) | Caregiver | English, Chinese, Japanese, Serbian, Spanish | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Japanese, Serbian | English and other few (< 5) | One week | Outpatient clinic | BMD | 0,73 | 0.83-0.84 | Short version (Japanese, with 5 items), DBD13 (13 items) | Only evaluates frequency; also includes cognitive aspects | Broad | 28 | Yes (3) | Yes (4) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (4) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (6 - getting lost outside, hoarding, hiding, incontinence (x2), throwing food) | ||||||||||||||||
35 | DBRI | Dysfunctional Behavior Rating Instrument | Molloy 1991 | 1991 | 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb01429.x | 37 | 3 | 1,189710611 | 0,09646302251 | 0,081 | 0,003 | 0-125 | Elderly | 184 | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not stated | Outpatient clinic | 35 | 0,75 | Only evaluates frequency; also includes cognitive aspects; intended also as a screening instrument | Broad | 25 | Yes (2) | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (5) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (4 - repeating stories, being frustrated, keeping changing mind, hiding things) | |||||||||||||||||||
36 | DBRS | Disruptive Behavior Rating Scales | Mungas 1989 | 1989 | 10.1177/089198878900200405 | 64 | 0 | 1,933534743 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0-5 (for total score, averaging 4 domain subscores; 0 = not enough data) | Patients with dementia | 16 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One week | Nursing home | 0,9 | Focus on items which are relevant for treatment, and it's easy to use. Inlcudes a checklist of 21 items to rate subsequent scales. | Narrow | 4 | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||||||
37 | DBS | Disruptive Behavior Scale | Beck 1997 | 1997 | 10.1080/13607869757407 | 23 | 1 | 0,9163346614 | 0,03984063745 | 0,043 | 0,002 | WSI (weighted severity index) | Patients with dementia | 62 | 72.9 ± 5.5 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One week | Nursing home | 0,8 | Seems to rate frequency, but also severity (with indexes), but it doesn't seem to provide an understandable total score | Broad | 45 | Yes (2) | Yes (5) | Yes (14) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | Yes (10) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (8 - isolating from others, losing track of own objects, taking objects from others (x2), spitting medication, talking constantly, throwing food, unkeeping personal hygiene) | ||||||||||||||||||
38 | DICE | Describe, Investigate, Create, Evaluate | Kales 2014 | 2014 | 10.1111/jgs.12730 | 338 | 11 | 41,72839506 | 1,358024691 | 0,033 | 0,004 | NA | Patients with dementia | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | NA | Home | Supports the use of a diary; it's a treatment-oriented approach, evaluates triggers; applicable to any BPSD | Does not give usable indexes; it's not immune to recall bias; it may already be what physicians do when contacted by caregivers | NA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | DMAS | The Dementia Mood Assessment Scale | Sunderland 1988 | 1988 | 10.1176/ajp.145.8.955 | 136 | 23 | 3,988269795 | 0,6744868035 | 0,169 | 0,005 | Not clear (possibly 0-102, as a sum of the first 17 items scores, but some items have subitems) | Patients with dementia | 21 | 66.9 ± 10.2 | Caregiver | English, Japanese, German | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Japanese, German | English and other few (< 5) | One week | Outpatient clinic | 0.69-0.74 | Yes | Hamilton depression scale | Quite complicated and long | Broad | 17 | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (5) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (4 - psychosomatic complaints, energy, awareness of emotional status, speech) | 10.1017/S1041610297004031 ; plus items 18-24 not to be included in the score | ||||||||||||||||
40 | DSSS | Dementia Signs and Symptoms Scale | Loreck 1994 | 1994 | 10.1097/00019442-199400210-00009 | 29 | 1 | 1,03202847 | 0,03558718861 | 0,034 | 0,001 | Not clear, probably a sum of items in subscales, with overall judgments | Patients with dementia | 56 | 73.2 ± 7.6 | 12.3 ± 4.1 | Clinician | Interview with patient and informant | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One month | Outpatient clinic | BEHAVE-AD, CUSPAD, CSDD | 0.62-0.93, 0.49-0.73, 0.84 | 0,37-0,75 | 0.92-0.99 | For some items severity and frequency are evaluated, for others only severity or frequency; difficult scoring system, long | Broad | 43 | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | Yes (8) | Yes (5) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (4) | Yes (4) | Yes (1) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | No | Yes (4 - somatic complaints, following, unusual behavior, unsafe behaviors) | ||||||||||||||
41 | HBS | Harmful Behaviors Scale | Draper 2002 | 2002 | 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50070.x | 41 | 4 | 2,039800995 | 0,1990049751 | 0,098 | 0,005 | 0-92 | Elderly | 610 | 83.9 [65-111] | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | 2 weeks | Nursing home | BEHAVE-AD | 0,679 | 0,85-0,87 (for shifts) | 0.896 [0.812-0.944] | Not focusing on demented patients, only evaluates frequency | Broad | 23 | No | No | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | No | Yes (6) | Yes (7) | Yes (5 - refuses to take part in social activities, alienates staff, burning, other, overdosing medication) | |||||||||||||||
42 | IAS | Irritability-Apathy Scale | Burns 1990 | 1990 | 10.1097/00005053-199001000-00004 | 151 | 4 | 4,704049844 | 0,1246105919 | 0,026 | 0,001 | 0-17 (irritability), 0-32 (apathy) | HD and AD patients | 31 (AD), 26 (HD) | 70.3 ± 7.3 (AD), 48.3 ± 15.1 (HD) | Clinician | Interview with relative | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Since onset of the illness | Outpatient clinic | No | 0.82 (IS), 0.78 (AS) | No | HD patients were significantly more apathetic than AD ones. | Quite long, between 20-35 minutes. Limited to two unrelated BPSD. Hard to understand. | Narrow | 10 | No | No | Yes (2*) | No | Yes (5) | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (5*) | No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||||
43 | IQ | Irritability Questionnaire | Craig 2008 | 2008 | 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.03.002 | 57 | 7 | 4,042553191 | 0,4964539007 | 0,123 | 0,009 | IQ: 0-63 (frequency), 0-63 (severity); CIQ: 0-30 (frequency), 0-30 (severity) | HD, AD and psychiatric patients | 64 | 70 ± 8 (AD), 51 ± 9 (HD) | Patient and caregiver | English, Persian | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Persian | English and other few (< 5) | 2 weeks | Outpatient clinic | IAS | 0,37 | 0,9 | It partially relies on patient ability to self-report symptoms; some items go in the opposite direction but add up to a total score (which makes the scale useless) | Narrow | 10 (in the CIQ) | No | No | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (2) | No | No | No | Yes (3 - withdrawn, critical, frustrated) | The items of the IQ are 21 | ||||||||||||||||
44 | MBI-C | Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist | Ismail 2017 | 2017 | 10.3233/JAD-160979 | 186 | 39 | 36,47058824 | 7,647058824 | 0,210 | 0,042 | 0-102 | Patients with MBI > 50 years | Clinician, patient or informant | English, Chinese, Persian, Spanish, Italian, French, Czech | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Italian, Persian, Czech | English and many others (>5) | 6 months | Outpatient clinic | Focus on pre-dementia phase | No cut-offs provided, only evaluates severity, possibly redundant, does not differentiate between aggression and agitation, items are not consistently grouped | Broad | 34 | No | Yes (2*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (2) | Yes (6) | Yes (3) | Yes (4) | Yes (8) | Yes (2) | No | Yes (2) | Yes (3*) | No | No | No | Yes (3 - hoarding, stubborness, lack of empathy) | 34 items in 5 domains. Items have been derived by consensus. | ||||||||||||||||||||
45 | MOUSEPAD | Manchester and Oxford Universities Scale for the Psychopathological Assessment of Dementia | Allen 1996 | 1996 | 10.1192/bjp.169.3.293 | 73 | 5 | 2,796934866 | 0,1915708812 | 0,068 | 0,003 | Not clear | Patients with dementia | 32 | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One month | Outpatient clinic | PBE | Mini-MOUSEPAD | No clear distinction between frequency and severity, quite long | Broad | 59 | Yes (3) | Yes (2) | Yes (6*) | Yes (5*) | No | No | Yes (22) | No | Yes (2) | Yes (4) | No | Yes (15) | No | Yes (4) | No | No | Yes (3 - shadowing, hiding, mislay) | |||||||||||||||||||
46 | NHBPS | Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale | Ray 1992 | 1992 | 10.1093/geronj/47.1.M9 | 112 | 13 | 3,720930233 | 0,4318936877 | 0,116 | 0,004 | 0-116 | Patients with dementia | 553 | Nurse | Observational | English, French, Danish | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Danish | English and other few (< 5) | 3 days | Nursing home | CMAI | 0,911 | Yes | CMAI, NOSIE | Only evaluates frequency | Broad | 29 | Yes (2) | Yes (5) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (2) | No | Yes (3) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (3) | Yes (4) | Yes (3) | Yes (2 - asks or complains about health, complains or whines) | ||||||||||||||||
47 | NPI | Neuropsychiatric Inventory | Cummings 1994 | 1994 | 10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 | 6042 | 1100 | 215,0177936 | 39,14590747 | 0,182 | 0,007 | 0-120 + 0-50 | Patients with dementia | 40 | 75.7 [56-90] | Caregiver | English, Icelandic, Italian, Chinese, Danish, Polish, Thai, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, Hebrew, German, Spanish, Czech, French, Hindi, Korean, Dutch, Finnish, Turkish, Serbian, Norwegian, Swedish, Greek, Croatian | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Icelandic, Italian, Danish, Polish, Thai, Japanese, Hebrew, German, Czech, Korean, Dutch, Finnish, Turkish, Serbian, Norwegian, Swedish, Greek, Croatian, Bengali, Urdu | English and many others (>5) | One month (original) | Outpatient clinic or NH | BEHAVE-AD | 0.33-0.77 (for items) | 0,88 | NPI-12, NPI-13 (NPI-plus), NPI-Q, NPI-NH, NPI-C, mobile app (9 items), NPI-Diary | 10.1111/ggi.14164, 10.1159/000490380 | Widely used, reference scale, includes distress | Mix of different symptoms | Broad | 10 | Yes (1) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | In NPI-12 | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | In NPI-12 | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||
48 | PAS | Pittsburgh Agitation Scale | Rosen 1994 | 1994 | 10.1097/00019442-199400210-00008 | 137 | 17 | 4,87544484 | 0,6049822064 | 0,124 | 0,004 | 0-16 | Patients with dementia | 25 | Nurse | Observational | English, Persian, Chinese, Spanish | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Persian | English and other few (< 5) | 1-8 hours | Hospital and NH | 0.82 (hospital), 0.93 (NH) | Focusing on agitation domains, quick | Narrow | 4 | No | Yes (2) | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1*) | No | No | Physical aggression rated high, verbal aggression rated low | ||||||||||||||||||
49 | PBE | Present Behavioral Examination | Hope 1992 | 1992 | 10.1017/s0033291700032888 | 73 | 16 | 2,425249169 | 0,5315614618 | 0,219 | 0,007 | Extremely complicated | Patients with dementia | 39 | Clinician | Interview with caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | One month | Outpatient clinic | Extremely complicated scoring system, extremely long, also includes cognitive and other unrelated aspects | Broad | 121 (+66 nested questions) | Yes (28) | ? | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes (5) | Yes (30) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes, many others | Not available in full | |||||||||||||||||||
50 | PEAR | Person-environment apathy rating | Jao 2016 | 2016 | 10.1080/13607863.2015.1043618 | 18 | 6 | 2,950819672 | 0,9836065574 | 0,333 | 0,056 | 6-24 (for each scale) | Patients with dementia | 24 | 82.4 ± 7.0 | Nurse | Observational | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not specified | Nursing home | NPI-apathy | 0.71 (PEAR-apathy) | 0.84 (PEAR-environment), 0.85 (PEAR-apathy) | Also includes a subscale for environmental stimuli (problem-oriented) | Narrow | 6 | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (6) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Also includes a subscale for environmental stimuli | |||||||||||||||
51 | RAGE | Rating Scale for Aggressive Behavior in the Elderly | Patel 1992 | 1992 | 10.1017/s0033291700032876 | 135 | 15 | 4,485049834 | 0,4983388704 | 0,111 | 0,004 | 0-61 | Elderly | Nurse | Observational | English, Chinese, French, Spanish, Japanese | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Japanese | English and other few (< 5) | 3 days | Nursing home | 0,89 | Mixes frequency (first 20 items), seveity (item 18 and 21) and treament (item 19) | Broad | 21 | No | Yes (2) | Yes (7) | Yes (2) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (2) | No | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | Yes (4 - critical, antisocial acts, angry with self, global impression) | ||||||||||||||||||||
52 | RAID | Rating Anxiety in Dementia | Shankar 1999 | 1999 | 10.1080/13607869956424 | 160 | 23 | 6,926406926 | 0,9956709957 | 0,144 | 0,006 | 0-54 | Patients with dementia | 83 | 79.1 ± 7.0 | Clinician | Interview with patient and caregiver | English, Persian, Norwegian, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Persian, Norwegian | English and many others (>5) | 2 weeks | Outpatient clinic | 0,83 | Yes | PSE, Geriatric Mental State, Generalized Anxiety Scale | Only focusing on anxiety, only evaluates severity (but also include "intermittent" with mild, which is confusing) | Narrow | 18 | No | Yes (3) | No | No | Yes (6) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (7 - items related to autonomic correlates of anxiety, but aspecific) | ||||||||||||||||
53 | RAS | Ryden Aggression Scale | Ryden 1988 | 1988 | 10.1097/00002093-198802040-00003 | 251 | 6 | 7,360703812 | 0,1759530792 | 0,024 | 0,001 | 0-125 | Patients with dementia | 183 | 71.1 [45-87] | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not stated | Home | 0.74-0.90 (for subscales) | Only evaluates frequency | Narrow | 25 | No | No | Yes (16) | Yes (4) | No | No | No | No | Yes (5) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||||||
54 | RMBPC | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist | Teri 1992 | 1992 | 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.622 | 898 | 85 | 29,83388704 | 2,823920266 | 0,095 | 0,003 | 0-96 (for both scales) | Patients with dementia | 201 | 74 ± 8.1 | Caregiver | 54 ± 13.1 | English, German, Spanish, Italian, Thai, Chinese, Dutch | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Italian, German, Thai, Dutch | English and many others (>5) | Not stated | Outpatient clinic, hospital or NH | 0.67-0.84 (frequency), 0.84-0.90 (caregiver reaction) | Also includes memory | Broad | 24 | No | No | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (8) | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | Yes (1) | No | No | Yes (8 - memory (x7), hiding things) | ||||||||||||||||||
55 | RTC-DAT | Resistiveness to Care Scale | Mahoney 1999 | 1999 | 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199902)22:1<27::aid-nur4>3.0.co;2-t | 119 | 11 | 5,151515152 | 0,4761904762 | 0,092 | 0,004 | 0-156 | Patients with dementia | 68 | 72.8 ± 7.7 | 12.2 ± 3.8 | Nurse | Observational | English, Swedish | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Swedish | English and other few (< 5) | 5 minutes | Nursing home | 0,87 | Evaluates duration and severity | Narrow | 13 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (13) | No | No | Some items overlap (kicking, screaming) with other BPSDs | ||||||||||||||||
56 | SDI | Sleep Disorders Inventory | Tractenberg 2003 | 2003 | 10.1046/j.0962-1105.2003.00374.x | 135 | 13 | 7,068062827 | 0,6806282723 | 0,096 | 0,005 | 0-12 (average of severity x frequency) | AD patients | 104 | 75.5 ± 8.6 | 12.6 ± 3.8 | Caregiver | English, Japanese, German, French, Spanish, Korean, Norwegian | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Japanese, German, Korean, Norwegian | English and many others (>5) | 2 weeks | Outpatient clinic | NPI | 0,341 | Yes | NPI | Includes caregiver distress | Narrow | 8 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (8) | No | No | No | |||||||||||||||
57 | SOAPD | Scale for the Observation of Agitation in Persons with Dementia of the Alzheimer type | Hurley 1999 | 1999 | no doi | 47 | 2 | 2,034632035 | 0,08658008658 | 0,043 | 0,002 | Weighted coefficients | AD patients | 57 | 82.7 ± 7.5 | Nurse | Observational | English, Korean | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Korean | English and other few (< 5) | 3 days | Nursing home | 0,7 | Extremely complicated scoring system, only focusing on agitation | Narrow | 7 | No | Yes (7) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||||||
58 | SSADE | Signs and Symptoms Accompanying Dementia while Eating | Takada 2017 | 2017 | 10.1111/opn.12149 | 4 | 0 | 0,7843137255 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | 11-55 (both for frequency and severity) | Patients with dementia | 258 | 85.7 ± 7.2 | Dieticians | Observational | English, Japanese | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Japanese | English and other few (< 5) | One month | Nursing home | 0,24-0,91 (single items) | Only evaluates eating; some items may pertain more to cognitive aspects than behavioral disorders | Narrow | 11 | Yes (1*) | Yes (1*) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1*) | No | No | Yes (9*) | No | No | No | No | Yes (1*) | No | Yes (2 - dietary agnosia and eating apraxia) | ||||||||||||||||||
59 | TBS | Troublesome Behavior Scale | Asada 1999 | 1999 | 10.1097/00002093-199910000-00005 | 39 | 12 | 1,688311688 | 0,5194805195 | 0,308 | 0,013 | 0-56 | AD patients | 107 | 79.4 ± 8.7 | 11.3 ± 3.5 | Caregiver | English, Japanese | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Japanese | English and other few (< 5) | Not stated | Outpatient clinic or hospital | No | Possibly useful to identify issues at home | Not validated, includes items that are not easy to generalize to other cultural contexts. | Broad | 14 | Yes (2) | Yes (2) | Yes (1*) | Yes (2*) | No | No | Yes (2) | No | No | Yes (1) | No | No | No | Yes (1) | No | Yes (1) | Yes (3 - interfering with a happy home circle, making the dwelling dirty, hiding) | |||||||||||||||||
60 | WCA | WeCareAdvisor | Kales 2016 | 2016 | 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000177 | 22 | 0 | 3,606557377 | 0 | 0,000 | 0,000 | NA | Patients with dementia | Caregiver | English | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | English | Not specified (evaluation after 1 week) | Home | Input from users, customizable, treatment-oriented (with an algorithm), allows for notes and feedback, includes a glossary and educational tools, evaluate adherence | Long, it's to be paid, required a computer, still studied (NCT05012410) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes, toileting | DICE approach to assess and manage BPSD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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100 |