Tri-Regional Policy Recommendations

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
1	North/South American Policy Recommendations
2	Each UNFCCC Item	Individual Country/Bilateral Recommendations (Each country will input their recommendations here)	Tri-Regional Recommendation for Action (One recommendation for each Tri-Regional Group)	Obstacles to implementation	Potential solutions/recommendations to address obstacles (include a link to support solutions/recommendations)	Additional Resources	Proposing Country Name

3	Aid to Developing Countries	USA - Providing green and sustainable resources that developing countries can easily manage and maintain in the long run depending on their needs and not our perceptions of what they should have.	Diffulties adressed are the carbon immisions from shipment of resouces from country to country. Talked sbout boycotting companies that cause harm to the environment. Government can reward people to report companies that are harmful to the environment.
4		Canada- Implement Green beginnings Use renewable resources for energy, etc. Supply countries with only enough to get them going, they have to develop themselves(Foreign Aid and Sustainable Development : The Case Study …) this is an excellent example of sustainable foreign aid It is part of our duty to the globe that we help out our fellow people. We enjoy luxuries that some can never imagine. It is important that these developments happen in the most green way possible.
5		Peru - Peru has an emerging economy. Putting a price on carbon and having more economically developed countries invest in the protection of the Amazon to be left in tact sequestering carbon reserves would provide financial incentive for the protection of these resources. Peru also needs assistance from other nations in controlling the trade of mercury and gold from the illegal gold mining trade (leading cause of deforestation in the Amazon) and for timber and products from illegal deforestation. Investment in the form of capital for renewable energy projects such as biofuel from algae, off-shore wind farms, and energy from waves would also be highly beneficial. Offering expertise in the form of trained engineers would also be of great benefit.
6		Brazil
7	Adaptation & Resilience	USA - The term Global Warming has become the source of jokes, we need to have a campaign to awaken the public about the facts of climate change. In order to not have this the 'new norm', we need to create awareness that educates the public to the reality of how our actions are adversly affecting our planet, with a call to arms to be the change. We need to be preparedfor shifts on the earth.
8		Canada- Teach LDCs how to adapt to climate change and be resilient to the oncoming problems they as well as we will be facing. Educate LDCs about climate change and the problems it causes Help LDCs plan for action plans to combat the effects of climate change The LDC Fund is accessible to Developing countries, funding should have to go towards a green beginning of the country I realize this could be a problem due to fund availability, but that means that countries should have to help LDCs to make up for the input we have had on climate change It is hard to know how to react to a problem you know nothing about. Education about climate change is the first step towards combatting it.
9		Peru - "Strengthening resilience through diversity management: The variety of climates, soils, biology and culture are some of the most important characteristics of Peruvian ecosystems. Embracing this diversity is a fundamental trait of development and planning efforts in Peru and entails a broach range of alternative approaches 2. Reducing vulnerability: In view of the uncertainty created by climate change in Peru, reducing the potential risks of droughts, floods, desert encroachment, food insecurity and conflicts over the use of natural resources, by means of planned, concerted, participatory and comprehensive processes is an essential tool to reduce vulnerability (see box 4) 3. Building adaptive capacity: Developing the capacities of Andean highland communities with respect to scientific and traditional climatic change indicators, technologies and social organisation is fundamental to successful climate change adaptation initiatives." From: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/13927_doc18005contenido.pdf
10		Brazil-Flooding and extreme heat shows us how important climate is and how it has been changing in the past years. We’re now living, in Brasília, the hottest november in 47 years and it’s caused by a phenomenon called El Niño, which is a temporary change in the climate of the Pacific ocean in the region around the equator and it’s affecting the whole country and it tends to get worse by the next months.			Climate has a big effect in our lives in so many ways and it’ll affect us even more over the years, that’s why we need to encourage people to take action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change.
11	Energy	USA - Promote more of the renewable energy sources that are green and sustainable. Take advantage of wind and solar farms. Push for technology to be innovative to take us into the rest of the century as one of the global leaders. Share with developing countries
12		Canada- use of a variety of energy sources ie. geothermal, solar, wind, hydro, biofuel have a greater understanding of what works for various climates regions etc Conduct investigations to discover this There are many types of renewable energy sources to use. We need to begin weaning off the uses of fossil fuels.
13		Peru - Peru needs to implement a feed in tarrif system to provide financial incentive to businesses and individuals to implement Solar PV grids across the nation. There is a need for independent reliable power sources throughout much of the nation and the solar radition potential is high on average. Emphasis needs to be moved away from large scale hydro-electic dams which require damming Amazonian river tributaries, relocating indigenous people, loss of biodiversity, interruption of the natural water cycle and have major sustainability issues due to silting. Much of Peru's natural gas reserves lie under protected areas and a diversified renewable energy base moving away from fossil fuel extraction would be the more sustainable way forward.
14		Brazil
15	Agriculture	USA - Since agriculture has a critical dependance on our climate, any changes in our climate has many affects on the quality of our agricluture. There is insufficient understanding of these changes on crop production with the rising levels of carbon dioxide and methane, changing temperatures and the more variable precipitation patterns that we are experiencing. Our agricultural land is being stressed due to several factors we need to take action now. Instead of trying to adapt to these changes, we need to take a stronger stand on reducing carbon dioxide and methane emissions. We need to have more green spaces within our cities and work on reforestation. We need to have better public transportation and alternative energy resources available.
16		Canada- It is hard to know where to draw the line between developmental land and passive land. We need to increase the amount of reforestation. We need to reclaim the land as passive, we need to change how we use the land we have been provided with.
17		Peru - Peru needs to continue to work actively in the protection of the biodiversity of it's food products. Continued cooperation with Andean indigenous groups and the International Potato Center in Lima will result in having a diversity of food options to respond in changes to local weather from climate change. Projects encouraging the removal of primary rainforest for the planting of monocultures of palm oil should not move forward. Peru needs to examine the balance between the water needs for export oriented agriculture in comparision to the sustainable production of indegenous plants and grains such as quinoa. Government intervention to ensure fair trade and equitable pricing for Peruvian farmers, especially for inigenous grains such as quinoa should be implemented. Biotechnology and food laws which limit the reach of mutli-national seed corporations who seek to limit biodiversity in food crops should be renewed in their current stringent format. The Ministry of Health should seek to promote a diet with less emphasis on meat consumption in light of the recent WHO publication on health impacts and the known contributions livestock production makes to climate change.
18		Brazil
19	Oceans & Water	USA - Starting at our headwaters and following to the oceans, we need to raise awareness and responsibility in preserving these resources. We are rapidly loosing millenia old snowpack due to raising temperatures. Look into desalination options where possible to take the stress off of fresh water sources.
20		Canada- application of technologies existing to more effectively use water (i.e water reclamation used for space travel) Water conservation plans Water is essential to all functions of our life.It is the means by which we are alive. The amount of usable water we have left is astonishing, and we need to learn how to effectively use our resources.
21		Peru - Peru is again this year facing a strong El Niño event which is greatly impacting the anchovy fish catch. Peru is the largest fish meal producer in the world (fish meal is produced from anchovies). El Niño weather events move cold water currents further away from the coast and the anchovies move with the current. The government needs to enforce significantly more conservative limits for sustainable catch of this important resource. Economically and environmentally speaking it would also be significantly more efficient to consider what the anchovy fish catch is used for. Anchovies are a highly nutritious food source and could be eaten directly by humans. Using this limited catch to create fish meal which is used as a protien source to feed to livestock or within fish farms is a less sustainable and efficient process. Peru, having one of the largest remaining fisheries in the world, would greatly benefit from the creation of several large and connected marine conservation areas. These conservation areas when implemented in other nations of the world have shown to provide opportunities and sustainable economic benefit through eco-tourism and have resulted in increases in local fish stocks. With regard to water Peru has two major issues of both water quality and water access. The government needs to consider the limited water supply and should apply the externalities associated with water use in increasing the cost (and therefore value) of this very limited resource. Industry contaminating water supply (especially mining) need to be appropriately, regulated and fined for their misuse of this shared resource. The government should be encouraging conservative practice. To ensure water access in the long term Peru must be a leader in climate action. Currently Peru has lost 40% of the tropical glaciers that are the primary water suppy for over 90% of it's population. The rapid decrease in tropical glacier volume will increase as climate change increases.
22		Brazil
23	Land/forest management	USA - With several years of devastating wild fires, management of our land and forests needs to be re-evaluated. Fire is part of the process, however many years of mismanagement and drought has left our forests vulnerable. We need to work to clear out the dead wood and jump start the process of forest renewal by planting more native species.
24		Canada- Effective division of passive and agricultural land Reclamation of unused agricultural land Preservation of beneficial/necessary forest/passive land See agriculture The Canadian government must co-operate and collaborate extensively with the FNMI peoples that inhabit culturally and environmentally significant lands in order to preserve not only the history of Aboriginal peoples, but the biodiversity that exists within these regions. We believe that before corporations begin development on culturally and biologically sensitive lands, it is critical that the proposed development site is first assessed by both the developer and all the stakeholders. This assessment must exceed just geographical and climatical perameters, and further be expanded to incorporate the area's historical, cultultural, biological and ecological significance. After an assessment has been made, it is crucial that both the developer and stakeholders, with the guidance of the government (Both local and Federal) if necessary, come to a concenseus in regards to how the land should be managed, and to whom its resouces are entitled to.
25		Peru -Ecotourism is one of the most rapidly growing industries within Peru. Peru needs to invest significantly greater resources into the protection of it's national parks. Currently a system exists where a dozen rangers may have millions of acres of land to regulate. These rangers often live in remote areas, and have little protection from illegal oil, logging and gold mining. The ranger workforce needs to be expanded and investment made into helicopter, boat and satellite access in managing these invaluable areas. Cooperation with the armed forces sepcialized in some of this remote terrain should increase. The government needs to actively work to decrease corruption with strict fines and penalties for those found guilty. Diversification of the economy and increased access to education for those in remote regiond needs to be increased. Indigenous groups need to become informed allies to government for the protection of these areas. See above for the need for putting a price on carbon to provide financial incentive for protection of these regions.
26		Brazil
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