ABCDEFG
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English nameScientific NameAuthorityBreeding RangeCodeComment
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RATITESPALEOGNATHAEPHYThe ratites (paleognaths) are the sister group to the rest of living birds (neognaths).
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ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES
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2OstrichesFamily Struthionidae
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StruthioLinnaeus, 1758
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Common OstrichStruthio camelusLinnaeus, 1758AF : w, c, e, swTAXSee Miller et al. (2011) re genetic structure and phylogeography of ostrich populations.
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† S. c. syriacusRothschild, 1919Syrian and Arabian deserts
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 S. c. camelusLinnaeus, 1758s Morocco and Mauritania to s Egypt, Eritrea and n, w Ethiopia, s to Cameroon and n Uganda
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Somali OstrichStruthio molybdophanesReichenow, 1883AF : Somalia and n KenyaASGenetic analyses support species recognition of Somali Ostrich and perhaps other subspecies groups (Miller et al. 2011).
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 S. c. massaicusNeumann, 1898s Kenya and c Tanzania
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 S. c. australisGurney Sr, 1868s Africa
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ORDER RHEIFORMES
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2RheasFamily Rheidae
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RheaBrisson, 1760
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Greater RheaRhea americana(Linnaeus, 1758)SA : se
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 R. a. americana(Linnaeus, 1758)n, e Brazil
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 R. a. intermediaRothschild & Chubb, C, 1914se Brazil and Uruguay
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 R. a. nobilisBrodkorb, 1939e Paraguay
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 R. a. araneipesBrodkorb, 1938sw Brazil, e Bolivia and w Paraguay
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 R. a. albescensLynch & Holmberg, 1878ne, e Argentina
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Lesser RheaRhea pennatad'Orbigny, 1834SA : Southern ConeTAX, ENGPterocnemia merged into Rhea (SACC 348); change English name to Lesser Rhea to conform to general usage.
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 R. p. garleppi(Chubb, C, 1913)se Peru, sw Bolivia and nw Argentina
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 R. p. tarapacensis(Chubb, C, 1913)n Chile
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 R. p. pennatad'Orbigny, 1834s Chile and wc, s Argentina
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ORDER APTERYGIFORMES
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5KiwisFamily ApterygidaePHYKiwis are sister to the clade of emus and cassowaries/tinamous (Cracraft 2013; Prum et al. 2015).
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ApteryxShaw, 1813
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Southern Brown KiwiApteryx australisShaw, 1813AU : New Zealand
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 A. a. australisShaw, 1813sw South I.
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 A. a. lawryiRothschild, 1893Stewart I.
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North Island Brown KiwiApteryx mantelliBartlett, 1852AU : North I. (New Zealand)
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Okarito KiwiApteryx rowiTennyson, Palma, Robertson, Worthy & Gill, BJ, 2003AU : w South I. (New Zealand)
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Little Spotted KiwiApteryx oweniiGould, 1847AU : Kapiti I., South I. (New Zealand)
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Great Spotted KiwiApteryx haastiiPotts, 1872AU : w South I. (New Zealand)
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ORDER CASUARIIFORMES
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4Cassowaries, EmuFamily CasuariidaePHY, TAXIncludes Dromaiidae.
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CasuariusBrisson, 1760
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Southern CassowaryCasuarius casuarius(Linnaeus, 1758)AU : New Guinea, ne Australia and Aru Is.
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Dwarf CassowaryCasuarius bennettiGould, 1857AU : New Guinea, Yapen I. and New Britain
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 C. b. westermanniSclater, PL, 1874nw New GuineaSSPAdd as a subspecies of C. bennetti, treated as a full species in Davies 2002. The use of C. b. westermanni rather than C. b. papuanus for the form from the Vogelkop Peninsula with the white occipital region follows Perron (2011) and Beehler & Pratt (2016). The provenance of the specimen associated with papuanus remains unsettled.
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 C. b. bennettiGould, 1857New Guinea (except nw), Yapen I. and New Britain
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Northern CassowaryCasuarius unappendiculatusBlyth, 1860AU : New Guinea, Yapen I. and Salawati I.
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DromaiusVieillot, 1816PHY, TAXEmus treated previously as a separate family Dromaiidae. Move to subfamily status in Casuariidae aligns with consensus (Christidis & Boles 2008; H&M 4).
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EmuDromaius novaehollandiae(Latham, 1790)AU : Australia
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 D. n. novaehollandiae(Latham, 1790)mainland AustraliaSSPIncludes doubtfully valid rothschildi (Davies 2002; Marchant & Higgins 1990a).
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† D. n. diemenensisLe Souef, 1907Tasmania
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† D. n. minorSpencer, 1906King I. (Australia)SSPTreat as subspecies rather than species (Fuller 2001; Heupink et al. 2011; Thomson et al. 2018). Epithet minor replaces ater which is a nomen novum for Dromaius novaehollandiae (H&M 4:6).
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† D. n. baudinianusParker, SA, 1984Kangaroo I. (Australia)SSPTreat as subspecies rather than species (Fuller 2001; Thomson et al. 2018).
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ORDER TINAMIFORMESPHY, SEQTinamou relationships within the ratites are uncertain (Hackett et al. 2008; Baker et al. 2010; Haddrath & Baker 2012), but here treated provisionally as sister to emus and cassowaries (Prum et al. 2015).
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46TinamousFamily Tinamidae
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TinamusHermann, 1783
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Grey TinamouTinamus taoTemminck, 1815SA : Amazonia
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 T. t. larensisPhelps & Phelps Jr, 1949c Colombia and nw Venezuela
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 T. t. septentrionalisBrabourne & Chubb, C, 1913ne Venezuela and nw Guyana
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 T. t. taoTemminck, 1815nc Brazil
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 T. t. kleei(Tschudi, 1843)sc Colombia to e Bolivia and w Brazil
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Solitary TinamouTinamus solitarius(Vieillot, 1819)SA : e Brazil to ne Argentina and e ParaguayTAX, SSPTreat as monotypic; subspecies pernambucensis is synonymous with the nominate (Raposo do Amaral & Silveira 2004).
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Black TinamouTinamus osgoodiConover, 1949SA : sc Colombia and se Peru
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 T. o. hershkovitziBlake, 1953sc Colombia
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 T. o. osgoodiConover, 1949se Peru
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Great TinamouTinamus major(Gmelin, JF, 1789)MA, SA : s Mexico through Amazonia
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 T. m. robustusSclater, PL & Salvin, 1868se Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras
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 T. m. percautusVan Tyne, 1935s Mexico, n Guatemala and Belize
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 T. m. fuscipennisSalvadori, 1895n Nicaragua to w Panama
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 T. m. brunneiventrisAldrich, 1937sc Panama
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 T. m. castaneicepsSalvadori, 1895sw Costa Rica and w Panama
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 T. m. saturatusGriscom, 1929e Panama and nw Colombia
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 T. m. zuliensisOsgood & Conover, 1922ne Colombia and n Venezuela
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 T. m. latifronsSalvadori, 1895sw Colombia and w Ecuador
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 T. m. major(Gmelin, JF, 1789)e Venezuela to ne Brazil
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 T. m. serratus(Spix, 1825)nw Brazil
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 T. m. olivascensConover, 1937Amazonian Brazil
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 T. m. peruvianusBonaparte, 1856se Colombia to Bolivia and w Brazil
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White-throated TinamouTinamus guttatusPelzeln, 1863SA : Amazonia
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NothocercusBonaparte, 1856
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Highland TinamouNothocercus bonapartei(Gray, GR, 1867)MA, SA : Costa Rica to Peru
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 N. b. frantzii(Lawrence, 1868)Costa Rica and w Panama
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 N. b. bonapartei(Gray, GR, 1867)nc Colombia and w Venezuela
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 N. b. intercedensSalvadori, 1895w Colombia
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 N. b. discrepansFriedmann, 1947e Colombia
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 N. b. plumbeicepsLönnberg & Rendahl, 1922e Ecuador and n Peru
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Tawny-breasted TinamouNothocercus julius(Bonaparte, 1854)SA : c Colombia and w Venezuela to sc Peru
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Hooded TinamouNothocercus nigrocapillus(Gray, GR, 1867)SA : Peru and Bolivia
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 N. n. cadwaladeriCarriker, 1933nw Peru
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 N. n. nigrocapillus(Gray, GR, 1867)c Peru to n Bolivia
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CrypturellusBrabourne & Chubb, C, 1914
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Berlepsch's TinamouCrypturellus berlepschi(Rothschild, 1897)SA : w Colombia and nw Ecuador
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Cinereous TinamouCrypturellus cinereus(Gmelin, JF, 1789)SA : Amazonia
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Little TinamouCrypturellus soui(Hermann, 1783)MA, SA : s Mexico to e Brazil
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 C. s. meserythrus(Sclater, PL, 1860)s Mexico to se Nicaragua
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 C. s. modestus(Cabanis, 1869)Costa Rica and w Panama
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 C. s. capnodesWetmore, 1963nw Panama
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 C. s. poliocephalus(Aldrich, 1937)Panama (Pacific slope)
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 C. s. panamensis(Carriker, 1910)Panama
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 C. s. mustelinus(Bangs, 1905)ne Colombia and nw Venezuela