A Table of All Possible Pāḷi Conjunct Consonants & Their Phonetic Splitting

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	AA	AB	AC	AD	AE	AF	AG	AH	AI	AJ	AK
1	A Table of All Possible Pāḷi Conjunct Consonants & Their Phonetic Splitting		Preceding consonant ↓	Succeeding consonant →
2			Preceding consonant ↓	ṃ	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ	c	ch	j	jh	ñ	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ	t	th	d	dh	n	p	ph	b	bh	m	y	r	l⚠️1	ḷ	ḷh ⚠️2	v	s	h

3	View this table with examples & comments		ṃ	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️
4	Notes & Legends		k	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅✙	∅	✔️➕	∅	∅	☑️	∅	⛔✅
5	All conjunct consonants are to be phonetically split into two separate single consonants (but only if they occur medially, and not initially/in the beginning of words), unless specified otherwise (eg. 🚫, ⛔)		kh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️🤝	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
6	From Sanskrit to Pāḷi, when assimilation would produce a geminate consonant (or a sequence of unaspirated stop+aspirated stop) at the beginning of a word, the initial geminate is simplified to a single consonant. Examples: prāṇa → pāṇa (not ppāṇa), sthavira → thera (not tthera), dhyāna → jhāna (not jjhāna), jñāti → ñāti (not ññāti). While when assimilation would produce a sequence of three consonants in the middle of a word, geminates are simplified until there are only two consonants in sequence. Examples: uttrāsa → uttāsa (not utttāsa), mantra → manta (not mantta), indra → inda (not indda), vandhya → vañjha (not vañjjha).		g	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	🚫✔️🤝	∅	∅➕	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
7	🚫	no split	gh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
8	⛔	no split, they occur as a single aspirate consonant	ṅ	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
9	✅	exist both medially & initially (in the beginning of a word)	c	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
10	✔️	exist only medially	ch	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
11	☑️	exist only initially	j	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
12	➕	exist commonly written in their epenthesized form (Sanskrit → Pāḷi)	jh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
13	✙	regionally read with an epenthesis, even if written without it	ñ	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️
14	∅	doesn't exist medially nor initially	ṭ	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
15	↔️	metathesis	ṭh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
16	⚠️1	i may be inserted between a consonant and l	ḍ	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
17	⚠️2	Using "Pāḷi's parental language (Sanskrit) as a phonology reference" approach, ḷh would be treated as a single, aspirated consonant. This is because in Sanskrit, ḍ and ḍh become ḷ and ḷh between vowels (as in Vedic), eg. cakravāḍa → cakkavāḷa, virūḍha → virūḷha. Whereas with "Pāḷi's descendants (eg. Sinhalese) as a phonology reference" approach, ḷh would be treated as two single consonants and phonetically split.	ḍh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
18	⚠️3	Using "Pāḷi's parental language (Sanskrit) as a phonology reference" approach, this pair of consonants is a result of metathesis from Sanskrit hv to Pāḷi vh. It can be argued that it should not be phonetically split post-metathesis, as it would sound too dissimilar from it's source. The unsplit 'ji-vhā' would be a closer resemblance to Sanskrit's 'jih-vā' as the letter that is in conjunction with an aspirate [◌ʱ] is retained. In contrast, the glottal fricative [h] in 'jiv-hā' is split off from its succeeding letter. In addition, the v becomes a syllable closer instead of a syllable opener which consequently turn into [u] phonetically. However, if referring to Pāḷi's descendants (eg. Sinhalese), vh is phonetically split. I am just not sure whether when the metathesis first occurred in writing, the phonetic change also soon followed or was it of a much later development.	ṇ	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅
19	⚠️4	śaraṇa → saraṇa, doṣa → dosa; The Sanskrit sibilants ś, ṣ, and s merge as Pali s	t	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✅	∅	∅	∅➕	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅✙	✔️	∅	∅	∅	✅✙	∅	⛔✅
20			th	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	🚫✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
21			d	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	🚫✔️	∅	∅	∅	✅✙	∅	⛔✅
22			dh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
23			n	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	∅	✅✙
24			p	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅	✔️	∅	∅	∅	🚫✔️🤝	∅	☑️➕	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
25			ph	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
26			b	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	∅	🚫✅✙	🚫✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	⛔✅
27			bh	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	🚫✔️🤝	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
28			m	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️	✅	∅	∅➕	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅
29			y	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️	∅	✔️
30			r	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅➕
31			l	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	∅	✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
32			ḷ ⚠️2	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️⚠️2
33			ḷh ⚠️2	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅
34			v	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	☑️⚠️3
35			s⚠️4	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅➕	∅	∅	∅	∅	✅✙	☑️	✔️➕	∅➕	∅	∅	✅✙	✅	∅
36			h	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅↔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	∅↔️	∅	∅	∅	∅	✔️	✔️➕↔️	∅➕	∅	∅	∅	∅↔️	∅	∅