| B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | #cases: 19.5 | Year | USG control | Base rate | USG-owned vs. contract | High-cost (approximate guess; 1=yes, 0=no) | ||||||||||||||||||
2 | TOTAL | 4.70 | 24.1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Automobile | 1886 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
4 | Airplane | 1903 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | Nuclear fission chain reaction | 1942 | 1.00 | USG-owned | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
7 | Computer (digital, electronic) | 1943 | 0.33 | contract | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
10 | Solar panel | 1954 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
11 | Understanding DNA (understanding the "central dogma") | 1957 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
12 | Laser | 1960 | 0.00 | private but military contractor | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
13 | 0.5 Electrification | 1960 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
14 | Antibiotics | 1968 | 0.04 | USG-owned | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
17 | Internet | 1969 | 1.00 | USG-owned | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
18 | Biotechnology | 1972 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
19 | rDNA | 1972 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
20 | Standard model of physics | 1979 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
22 | Viral enhancement (first demonstrated on mousepox) | 2001 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | First synthetic virus (poliovirus) | 2002 | 1.00 | contract | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
25 | Viral sequencing (first demonstrated on Spanish Influenza) | 2005 | 1.00 | USG-owned | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
26 | Extending the host range of a virus via rational protein design | 2007 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
27 | First synthetic bacterial genome | 2010 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | probably low | |||||||||||||||||||
28 | H5N1 viral research (“gain-of-function”) | 2012 | 0.00 | private/academia/non-US | 0.0000 | |||||||||||||||||||
30 | Synthetic biology | ongoing | 0.33 | contract | probably low |