| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Low cost ventilators designs => Make sure to check the other sheet on Requirements | Fixes/updates? Click "Request Edit Access" | Another ventilators projects table: https://github.com/PubInv/covid19-vent-list | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Ventilator design | Site | Status | Concept | Schematics/drawings available | Mandatory ventilation mode | Breathing support mode | Max pressure limit | PEEP | Inspiratory:Expiratory ratio (I:E) | Respiratory Rate | Tidal Volume (Vt) | FiO2 range | Display (info?) | Cylinder O2 / Wall (regulator?) | Compressed air required? | Power supply | Battery | Cleaning/Infection control | HMEF filter | Alarms | Notes | ||||||||
3 | CITI-OpenLung (USP) | https://github.com/Inspire-Poli-USP/Inspire-OpenLung | In development. 5th version of mechanical design. No working prototype, no electronics yet. | Sliding piston compresses ambu-bag. step motor. arduino based. | Only some preliminary mechanical drawings for ambu-bag mechanism. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | MIT 2010 (Husseini et al) | https://web.mit.edu/2.75/projects/DMD_2010_Al_Husseini.pdf | Prototyped (2nd version). MIT says "did not move past the prototype stage". | Rotating cam compresses AMBU bag, angle sensed, DC gear motor, H-bridge for reversal, Arduino. | Github page is dead. Backup here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1DJboju0iwRJ_DEyZjsaUarbmyRdGogQ8 | yes | yes (Assist Control mode). negatice pressure trigger back to tidal volume mode. | Overpressure triggers alarm | not included | Not implemented but possible. | 5-30 bpm | 200-750 mL | No O2 mix | LCD planned (future version?) | ? | Not required | Wall outlet PS | yes | ? | Not included | Overpressure only. Other alarms planned. | |||||||||
5 | MIT E-Vent | https://e-vent.mit.edu/ | There is a working prototype (3rd version). | Ambu-bag is compressed by rotating arms actuated by a single geared DC motor with encoder. Arduino, LCD. | DXF for non-commercial parts now available. Missing BOM, schematics and firmware. | yes (volume mode) | yes (assist control mode) | Yes. Also uses pressure to fallback to volume mode. | Assumed to be included with the Ambu bag. | Yes | 0-24 bpm | Pot adjustable in terms of arm's movement range. bag size is unknown so it doesn't know about mL equivalency. | No O2 mix | LCD for pressure displaying | No | Not required | ATX power supply | Yes (optional) | ? | ? | Yes (overpressure, motor problem, pressure not increasing). More to be added. | |||||||||
6 | Open Source Ventilator Ireland | https://opensourceventilator.ie/ | Still getting organized. Good technical discussion here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RDihfZIOEYs60kPEIVDe7gmsxdYgUosF9sr45mgFxY8/edit# | Bag Valve Mask (BVM) Ventilator, DC motor, H-Bridge | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | OpenLung BVM Ventilator | https://gitlab.com/open-source-ventilator/OpenLung | Mechanical concept being reviewed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | OpenVentilator | https://github.com/popsolutions/openventilator | Unknown (any working prototype?) | Compress a bellows made with a tire chamber (or ambu, optionally). Arduino based. DC or step motor? | Files available at github. Not finished though (?) | yes | ? | seems planned | ? | May be implemented in software | 3-30 (software) | ? | ? | Yes (?) | ? | Not required | Being discussed | May be implemented in software | ||||||||||||
9 | OxyGEN | https://www.oxygen.protofy.xyz/ | Working (5th version), start to test with 4 hospitals in Barcelona. Update Mar 26th: passed all the hospital tests! | Rotating cam compresses AMBU bag. DC windshield motor. Speed control using manual LED dimmer. No motor reversal. No microcontroler. | yes | yes | no | Proposal for a cheap pressure monitoring add-on: https://www.oxygen.protofy.xyz/post/poor-man-s-sensor-system-for-oxygen | not included | Changeable by replacing cam with a different shape. | Manual/analog adjustable (LED dimmer pot) | Fixed. The cam disc may be exchanged to press the bag different depth (4 sizes available) | No O2 mix | No | No | Not required | 12V ATX power supply | Not included (easy to add) | ? | Not included | No | Probably the most simple and working concept using widely available parts, although lack of closed loop control has its limitations. Prototype approved in hospital trials in Barcelona, Spain. It is now going on production by Seat León automobile factory. | ||||||||
10 | Pandemic Ventilator Project | https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Dz7eMgXowFBtBA_0PKzfAXweHnNMbGlIAXPshCbI2Vk/edit#heading=h.r1wktxbs8nwb | Supposedly three prototypes have being built but software development has yet to start. | Uses centrifugal blower (possibly repurpose a vacuum cleaner) and quick acting valves to regulate pressure. Arduino controls rate and PEEP. | No | Set by Arduino or by water depth (alternative concept). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Project Open Air | https://www.projectopenair.org/ | Seems like a collection of other initiatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Projeto Respirador Hacker | https://docs.google.com/document/d/1x7G5CbkijJWCOzE0SckrtT1vbTyRyPlI0n-fVixpFnw/edit# | Initial discussions on existing ideas and requirements | Unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Projeto Ventilador Pulmonar UFRJ | https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/12JQGZV7p5xM-7cdM3cZFkQG02_cHs7PZ | Prototype tested with lung simulator devices. Reportedly waiting for authorization for human trials. | Uses a CPAP Boussignac (device generating Continuous Positive Airway Pressure + air/oxygen mixing), mechanical PEEP, valve actuated by microcontroler to set I:E ratio. | No (?) | Yes | No (?) | Yes (manually adjusted on inlet valves) | Yes (spring load type) | Yes, set by microcontroler. | Yes. | Depends on choosen pressure range and mechanical characteristics of the breathing system. | Yes (manually adjusted on inlet valves - but not yet measured) | No | Both cylinder/wall supported (regulator included) | Yes. | ? | Not implemented. | ? | Yes. | No. | |||||||||
14 | Reespirator by Coronavirus Makers | https://www.coronavirusmakers.org/index.php/es/ | Mechanical design preliminary. Software and electronics already in the works and available. | Bag-compressing concept using step motor actuating on a lever. Software and electronics already in the works using Arduino Mega, Step motor, LCD, encoder for rotation. | Partialy (software and PCBs available but no mechanical drawings) | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Rice Design | https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-DRXnVkJOlDCmvTzh-DgWDxeLSrZTiBYyH0ypzv8tNA/edit | Prototype was built. Servo motor failed after 11h. CO2 acumulation. | Linear moving arms (rack and pinion) compressing Ambu-bag. Servo Motor. PICAXE 20x2 microcontroller. | Rice did not allow sharing files (?) | yes | No | No pressure sensor (?) | Not included | Not implemented but possible. | 3 predefined settings: slow, medium, fast | 3 predefined settings: adult, child, infant (changes the movement range) | No O2 mix | No (only LED indicators) | No | Not required | External power suppy | Not implemented | ? | No | No | |||||||||
16 | Ventilaid | https://www.ventilaid.org/ | Prototype version 3 almost completed. Software tuning and interface implementation. | Tested as non invasive ventilation. Turbine od BLDC motor, 12 VDC, standard industrial pressure sensors (measuring also tidal flow). Off the shelf electronic compontents. Housing and some parts can be done by 3D printing or injection molding. | Not yet, but there will be. Open source project. | Yes | Yes | Yes, adjustable up to 20cm H2O. | YES, adjustable (spring-load or electronic controlled) | Yes | Yes, adjustable in full range | Yes, adjustable in full range | Manuall setting, up to 70%. | LCD 128x65 monochromatic screen. More info by wi-fi on web application. | Flow valve. | Not required | 12 VDC or any 120/240 VC with 12 VDC with output more than 5A at 12 VDC | Optional | Hepa filter for incoming air filtering. HMEF filter and syringe filter for exhaust air. | Yes, advised. | Yes (LED, buzzer) | Testing 20-30th April. | ||||||||
17 | VentiVida - Compressor de AMBU articulado | https://github.com/nicolairutkevich/ventivida | PROOF-OF-CONCEPT prototype finished and shown good results. prepairing revised "robust" protype for lab testing and fine-tuning | Reliability as a main criterion. Ultra low-cost concept. Articulated arms mounted on ball bearings, to compress AMBU bag. Car window motor with RPM control via any accessible method. Suitable for mass production and under disrupted supply chain. All parts could be easily encouterd anywhere and/or scavaned. Could be bild as a barebone version, with noelectronics involved. | Not yet, but there will be. Open source project. | yes | No | to be fitted with 3rd party APL valve, if not part of the AMBU, see note | to be fitted with 3rd party PEEP valve, or improvised Bubble PEEP, see note | 1:1.4, 1:1.6, 1:1.8 marked on the crank. More discreet mecanical adjustments could be be added | Manual/analog adjustable (dimmer) 10..25 bpm | Adjustable in 3 mechanical steps, appr. 300 ml, 600ml and 900 ml, with fine adjustment via RPM, and 3rd party spirometer | See notes | no, intentionaly omitted to cut costs | See notes | Not required | 12V power supply or car battery / similar | Not included (easy to add) to be scavanged | to utilize stainless steel or powdercoated structure, AMBU and all connectors to be wapped into plastic bag and sanitised | to be fitted with 3rd party filter,See notes | not yet, considering developing simple failure alarm based on a current drop / increase | Only the core pump is on development, NOT outer appendages | ||||||||
18 | OxVent (Oxford and King’s College) | https://oxvent.org/ | Prototype has been demonstrated | Ambu bag is confined within a rigid perspex box. This box can be pressurised from a 4 bar line. When it is pressurised, the Ambu compresses. Uses Arduino + LCD. | No | yes | No | No pressure sensor (?) | not included | Yes, adjustable. Value shown at display. | Yes, adjustable. Value shown at display. | Yes, adjustable. Value shown at display. | No O2 mix | Yes, but not measurements. Just the set parameters. | No | Yes. | External power suppy | ? | ? | No | No | This idea seems to provide separation of the pressurized hospital air line and solenoid valves from the Ambu bag, which can be disposed or decontaminated. | ||||||||
19 | eAR Emergency Ventilator | https://github.com/RespiradorHacker/Projeto-EAR-Celso | Open Hardware, open software available. Fully functional for forced ventilation. Prototype demonstrated. Simple but effective Pressure control system | Inclusive design, uses shelf automotive components. AMBU bag is compressed from Car window motor and arm position is read reliably by car tank float sensor. FIO2 control is external. | Full schematics, mechanics and source code available, EAR ECU Custom electronics design available in 2 versions: inclusive (several single sided boards with PTH components) and mass production (single 10x10cm FR4 SMT) | Yes | To be released | YES, adjustable, results are better than 1 cm H2O accurate and Peak to plateau is also less than 1 cm H2O | YES, external and adjustable | YES, adjustable through switches 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 | YES, adjustable through potentiometer 8-30BPM considers Tidal Volume, Plateu Hold Time and changes inpiration ramping accordingly | YES, adjustable through potentiometer. Open loop, closed by healthcare pro by observation of chest cavity | External | No display on first version. External patient pressure mech display recommended. GUI in WIP | Wall O2 or cylinder - Mechanical regulator is mandatory | It depends on external FiO2 module. Not mandatory | 12VDC@10A(peak), can be a running car engine Average power < 10W | It can be run on 12 Vdc battery of any type | Yes, external, check project briefing | recommended, bubble peep possible | Yes, several levels and devices possible inclusive automotive siren support | System was inspired on MIT E-Vent design but designed to be built on emerging countries. Excellent dynamic response due to excess torque BDC motor. Full documentation set available and result reports, some are in portuguese only | ||||||||
20 | OpenVent-Bristol | https://www.instructables.com/id/COVID-19-Rapid-Manufacture-Ventilator-BVM-Ambubag-/ | Prototype has been demonstrated | Ambu bag compressed by DC motor. Arduino + commercial shields (including DC driver). Laser cut parts. | Yes, mechanical and software. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Respirador UFSC | https://noticias.ufsc.br/2020/03/prototipo-de-ventilador-pulmonar-alternativo-e-desenvolvido-por-professor-da-ufsc/ | Prototype / concept has been demonstrated (not final assembly) | Automotive injection fuel valves are used to control O2 mixture. Flow/volume is controled from valve opening curve and pressure sensing. | No | yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes (calculated from other parameters / sensors) | Adjustable 0-100% (potenciometer) | No | Wall O2 apparently | Yes (?) | External power suppy | ? | ? | No | It seems a similar concept to Ventilador Pulmonar UFRJ but use of automotive valves probably makes it easier to reproduce with standard parts. | |||||||||
22 | AmboVent | https://github.com/AmboVent/AmboVent | Prototype has been tested, medical reports available. | Single arm compresses ambu. Pressure sensor for loop control, Arduino Nano. | Yes. Mechanical files, BOM, assembly, firmware source, calibration video etc. | yes, VCV (volume control ventilation) | No ? | Yes, 5 settings for PIP from 30-70 cmH2O | not included | Fixed 1:2 (adjust not implemented but possible) | Yes, 11 settings from 6 to 24 bpm | Yes, 3 settings (33, 50 and 75% of bag total volume) | No O2 mix | Yes, LCD (what info?) | No | Not required | 110/220V | Yes (2 hours autonomy) | ? | ? | Yes (Bat on, Low bat, Hose disconnect, vent rate fail, extreme pressure) | Very complete project, clinical reports available (evaluated at Tel Aviv Sourasky hospital), off-the-shelf components. | ||||||||
23 | VentilatorPal | www.freebreathing.org | Prototype has been demonstrated, undergoing further testing | Straps around ambu are pulled on by electro motor | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | .... | ||||||||||||||||||
24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||