| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | |
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1 | Availability | Level | Botanical | Common | Type | Origin | Statue | Exposure | Water | Soil | Flower | Habitat | Wildlife Value | Occurence | Comments | ||||||||||||
2 | Free | Intermediate | Achillea millefolium | Common Yarrow | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | su | field/border/roadside | Generalist bees and flies; larval host for Wavy-lined Emerald, Common Pug, and Yarrow Plume Moth | common | Quick spreader | |||||||||||
3 | Swap | expert | Actaea racemosa | Black bugbane/cohosh | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☻ | rich | su | woodland | Flowers support woodland pollinators, especially flies, beetles, and bees; useful midsummer floral resource in shade. | occasional | Toxic seeds | ||||||||||||
4 | Swap | moderate | Agalinis tenuifolia | Slender foxglove | forb/ annual | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | field | Nectar and pollen for native bees; larval host for Common Buckeye. | occasional | Small flowering plant Rewilding | ||||||||||||
5 | Free | beginner | Agastache foeniculum | Anise hyssop | forb/short lived | non-native | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | field/border/woodland/roadside | Nectar magnet for long-tongued bees; important to bees, including specialist Dufourea associated with Agastache/Monarda; no strong species-specific Lepidoptera host found | occasional | Grows everywherer, suitable as filler for flowerbeds | |||||||||||
6 | Swap | intermediate | Agastache scrophulariifolia | Purple giant hyssop | short lived | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | Nectar magnet for long-tongued bees; important to bees, including specialist Dufourea associated with Agastache/Monarda; no strong species-specific Lepidoptera host found | rare | |||||||||||||
7 | Free | beginner | Ageratina altissima | White Snakeroot | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su/fa | fa | border/field/roadside/woodland edge | hosts several moth larvae | abundant | seeds | |||||||||||
8 | Free | beginner | Agrimonia gryposepala | Tall hairy agrimony | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☻ | medium | su | border/roadside | Larval host for azure butterflies; used by solitary bees; Agrimonia spp. host Agrimony moths including Anacampsis agrimoniella and Coptotriche agrimoniella [genus-level] | common | Well behaved, nice foliage and flowers | |||||||||||||
9 | Free | beginner | Agrimonia parviflora | Swamp agrimony/arvest Lice | forb/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | medium | su | border/roadside | Larval host for azure butterflies; used by solitary bees; host for Anacampsis agrimoniella and Coptotriche agrimoniella | common | Smaller Agrimony, nice flower well behaved | |||||||||||||
10 | Free | beginner | Amsonia hubrichtii | Blue Star/Thread leaf Amsonia | forb/perennial | non-native | medium/large | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | field/border | Nectar for butterflies and clearwing hummingbird moths; Amsonia is a host genus for Snowberry Clearwing. Fibers are used by oreoles for nest building | occasional | Large sculptural plant, native to the more western neighboring states | ||||||||||||
11 | Free | intermediate | Andropogon gerardi | Big bluestem | grass/perennial | Westchester | tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/woodland | Host for skipper larvae, including Delaware, Dusted, Leonard's, and Indian skippers and other grass-feeding skippers [Andropogon host group] | common | Large sculptural gras | ||||||||||||
12 | Free | intermediate | Andropogon virginicus | Broom sedge | grass/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/woodland | Host for skipper larvae, including Cobweb Skipper and other grass-feeding skippers | common | Warm season grass, great sculptural filler, spreads quickly | ||||||||||||
13 | Free | intermediate | Anemone canadensis | Canada windflower | forb/perennial | unknown | low | ☺ | medium | sp | su | woodland/field/border/roadside | Used by leaf-mining flies/moths; early bees use pollen | occasional | Fast spreading groundcover | ||||||||||||
14 | Free | intermediate | Anemone virginiana | Tall Thimbleweed | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☻ | medium | sp/su | su | field/border | Used by leaf-mining flies/moths; early bees use pollen | occasional | Suitable for meadows and understory, nice foliage and flowers, interesting seedheads | ||||||||||||
15 | Free | beginner | Apocynum cannabinum | Indian hemp | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium/tall | ☺ | ☻ | well drained | su | field/border/roadside | Larval host for dogbane tiger moth, milkweed tussock moth, and Delicate Cycnia (Cycnia tenera); also used by specialist dogbane moths/leaf miners and dogwood beetle | abundant | structure | ||||||||||||
16 | Free | intermediate | Aquilegia canadensis | Red columbine | forb/perennial | mix | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | gravelly/rocky | sp | rocky/border/roadside | Pollen/nectar for small bees/flies and humming birds. Hosts sawfly larvae. | occasional | flower/foliage | |||||||||||
17 | Free | beginner | Asclepias syriaca | Common milkweed | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | larval host for monarch, milkweed tussock moth and several beetles | abundant | flower/rewilding/spreading | ||||||||||||
18 | Free | intermediate | Asclepias tuberosa | Butterfly weed | forb/perennial | mix | medium | ☺ | ☺ | well drained | su | field/border/roadside | Larval host for Monarch, Queen, and Soldier butterflies; nectar source for bees, wasps, butterflies, and other pollinators. | occasional | present | ||||||||||||
19 | Free | intermediate | Baptisia sphaerocarpa | Large Yellow Wild Indigo | forb/perennial | non-native | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | border/field | Atrracts Leafcutter bees | rare | |||||||||||||
20 | Free | intermediate | Baptisia tinctoria | Horseflyweed, Yellow Wild Indigo | forb/perennial | unknown | low | ☺ | ☺ | well drained | sp | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Wild Indigo Duskywing, Genista Broom Moth, and Persius Duskywing in parts of its range | occasional | flower/foliage | |||||||||||
21 | Free | beginner | Bidens frondosa | Devil’s beggar ticks | forb/ annual | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | fa | field/roadside/woodland | Seed resource for goldfinches; nectar for late bees; host for Bidens Borer Moth (Epiblema otiosana) and other Bidens-feeding moths | abundant | flower/seeder | ||||||||||
22 | Free | beginner | Bidens polylepis | Bearded beggar ticks | forb/ annual | non-native | medium | su | field/roadside/woodland | Seed resource for goldfinches; nectar for late bees; host for Bidens Borer Moth (Epiblema otiosana) and other Bidens-feeding moths | introduced/uncommon | lovely annual flower addtion | |||||||||||||||
23 | Free | moderate | Boehmeria cylindrica | False nettle | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | moist woodland | Larval host for Eastern Comma, Question Mark, and Red Admiral butterflies; foliage also browsed by mammals. | abundant | |||||||||||||
24 | Swap | moderate | Campanulastrum americanum | Tall bellflower | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☻ | rich | su | woodland | Important for bumblebees and leafcutter bees; supports specialist bellflower bees; also visited by butterflies and skippers. | uncommon | ||||||||||||||
25 | Swap | intermediate | Carex crinita | Short-fringed sedge | grass/perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | moist | wetland | Supports skipper and Eyed Brown caterpillars; seeds eaten by wetland birds and small mammals; provides cover and nesting habitat. | common | |||||||||||||
26 | Free | intermediate | Carex molesta | Troublesome sedge | grass/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | medium | field/roadside/woodland | Sedges support numerous specialist Lepidoptera, including skippers and Eyed Brown [primarily Carex-genus records] | abundant | structure | ||||||||||||
27 | Free | intermediate | Carex vulpinoidea | Fox sedge/grass | grass/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | field/border/roadside | Host for sedge skippers and Eyed Brown; also used by sedge-feeding moths | abundant | scuptural | ||||||||||||
28 | Free | beginner | Chamaecrista fasciculata | Partridge pea | forb/ annual | mix | medium | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Little Yellow, Sleepy Orange, and Cloudless Sulphur; buzz-pollinated by bees | occasional | flower/filler | |||||||||||||
29 | Free | intermediate | Chamaecrista nictitans | Wild sensitive plant | forb/ annual | Westchester | low | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Little Yellow and other sulphur butterflies, including Sleepy Orange and Cloudless Sulphur [range dependent] | occasional | wild | |||||||||||||
30 | Free | intermediate | Cinna arundinacea | Wood reed grass | grass/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☻ | ☻ | medium/poor | su | woodland | Seeds eaten by birds; provides cover and nesting material for birds and small mammals; larval host for several skippers. | common | |||||||||||||
31 | Free | intermediate | Circaea canadensis | Eastern enchanter’s nightshade | forb/ annual | Westchester | low | ☻ | ☻ | medium | su | woodland | Foliage used by moths, including Enchanter's Cosmet moth (Mompha terminella), whose larva mines/folds leaves; shade bees visit blooms | abundant | foliage/filler/seeder | ||||||||||||
32 | Free | intermediate | Cirsium discolor | Field Thistle | forb/biennial | Westchester | tall | ☺ | well drained | su | field/roadside | host for painted lady. seeds for goldfinches. | abundant | very prickly | |||||||||||||
33 | Free | intermediate | Clinopodium vulgare | Wild Basil | forb/short lived | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | field/roadside | Host for mint moths; nectar source for bees | abundant | flower/filler | |||||||||||
34 | Free | intermediate | Conoclinium coelestinum | Blue Mistflower | forb/short lived | mix | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/water-edge | Nectar source for butterflies and bees; foliage used by some moth larvae; Eupatorium-group moth associations include Clymene Moth, Lined Ruby Tiger, and Eupatorium Borer [group-level] | occasional | flower/spreader/seeder | ||||||||||||
35 | Free | beginner | Coreopsis lanceolata | Lanceleaf Tickseed | forb/perennial | mix | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | sp | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Silvery Checkerspot, Wavy-lined Emerald, Dimorphic Gray, and Common Tan Wave; specialist bee Melissodes coreopsis | occasional | flower/filler | |||||||||||
36 | Free | intermediate | Coreopsis palmata | Stiff coreopsis | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | medium | sp | su | field/border | Host for Wavy-lined Emerald, Dimorphic Gray, and other Coreopsis-feeding moths | occasional | flower | ||||||||||||
37 | Free | intermediate | Coreopsis tripteris | Tall Tickseed | forb/perennial | unknown | tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | su/fa | field/border/roadside | Host for Silvery Checkerspot and several Coreopsis-feeding moths, including species whose larvae feed in flower heads [genus-level] | occasional | flower/filler | |||||||||||
38 | Swap | intermediate | Crocanthemum bicknellii | Hoary frostweed | forb/perennial | Westchester | Low | ☺ | ☺ | rocky | su | rocky barren | Flowers provide pollen and nectar for insects; specific wildlife associations are not well documented. | common | present | ||||||||||||
39 | Free | intermediate | Cryptotaenia canadensis | Honewort | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | sp/su | woodland | Larval host for Black Swallowtail and Epermenia pimpinella leaf-mining moth; nectar and pollen for small pollinators | abundant | foliage | |||||||||||
40 | Free | beginner | Cyperus strigosus | False yellow nut sedge | grass/annual | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/roadside/weedy | Seeds eaten by ducks, geese, red-winged blackbirds, and bobolinks; larval host for Flatsedge Borer moth; supports aphids, gall midges, and other insects; provides cover in wetland habitats. | abundant/weedy | |||||||||||||
41 | Free | intermediate | Desmodium Canadensis | Showy trefoil | forb/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | well drained | su | field/roadside/woodland | Host for Eastern Tailed-Blue, Gray Hairstreak, Silver-spotted Skipper, Hoary Edge, and Northern/Southern Cloudywing | uncommon | Nice flowers, little messy | |||||||||||||
42 | Free | intermediate | Desmodium paniculatum | Panicled trefoil | forb/perennial | Westchester | perennial | ☺ | dry | rocky | su | field/roadside/woodland | Host for Silver-spotted Skipper, Hoary Edge, Northern/Southern Cloudywing, and Eastern Tailed-Blue | common | seeds | ||||||||||||
43 | Free | advanced | Dicentra eximia | Wild bleeding-heart | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | rich | sp | su | fa | woodland/edge | Nectar and pollen for bees and butterflies; also visited by hummingbirds. | rare | seeds | ||||||||||
44 | Swap | intermediate | Echinacea purpurea | Purple Coneflower | forb/perennial | non-native | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | Nectar and pollen for bees and butterflies; host for Silvery Checkerspot and Wavy-lined Emerald; seeds eaten by goldfinches and other songbirds; stems can provide nesting sites for native bees. | uncommon | non-native | ||||||||||||
45 | Free | beginner | Elymus hystrix | Bottle brush grass | grass/perennial | unknown | medium | ☻ | ☻ | medium | sp | sp | field/roadside/woodland | Host for skipper larvae and Northern Pearly-Eye; also Elachista grass-mining moths and Golden Borer Moth; seeds eaten by birds | occasional | sculptural | |||||||||||
46 | Free | intermediate | Eragrostis pectinacea | Purple lovegrass/grass | forb/perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☺ | poor/well drained | su | field/roadside/woodland | Host for skipper larvae including Hobomok and Zabulon skippers; seeds eaten by birds | abundant | filler | ||||||||||||
47 | Free | intermediate | Erigeron annuus | Daisy Fleabane | forb/ annual | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | sp | field/roadside | Nectar/pollen for small bees; host for Wavy-lined Emerald and Lynx Flower Moth (Schinia lynx) | abundant | flower/filler/spreader | ||||||||||||
48 | Free | intermediate | Erigeron pulchellus | Robin's plantain | forb/perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | field | Nectar and pollen for small bees/hoverflies; host for Wavy-lined Emerald, Common Pug, Lynx Flower Moth, and Obscure Flower Moth | abundant | groundcover | ||||||||||||
49 | Free | intermediate | Eringium yuccifolium | Rattlesnake master | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | well drained | sp | su | field/roadside/woodland | Nectar/pollen magnet for wasps and native bees, including specialist mining bee Andrena eryngii; confirmed host for Rattlesnake-master Borer Moth (Papaipema eryngii) | occasional | sculptural/towering | |||||||||||
50 | Free | intermediate | Eupatorium altissimum/serotinum | Tall boneset/Late boneset | forb/perennial | Westchester | tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | fa | field/roadside/woodland | Nectar for butterflies and bees; host for Clymene Moth, Lined Ruby Tiger, Eupatorium Borer, Three-lined Flower Moth, and other Eupatorium-associated moths | occasional | flower/towering | |||||||||||
51 | Free | intermediate | Eupatorium hyssopifolium | Hyssop Leaved boneset | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/roadside/woodland | Nectar for small bees and butterflies; host for Eupatorium Borer and other boneset-group moths including Clymene Moth and Lined Ruby Tiger [mostly genus-level] | occasional | flower/towering | ||||||||||||
52 | Free | intermediate | Eupatorium perfoliatum | Common Boneset | forb/perennial | mix | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/roadside/woodland | Nectar/pollen for sweat bees and soldier beetles; host for Clymene Moth, Lined Ruby Tiger, Eupatorium/Burdock borer moths, and Three-lined Flower Moth | occasional | flower | ||||||||||||
53 | Free | beginner | Euphorbia corollata | Flowering spurge | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/roadside/woodland | Pollen source for specialist bee Perdita halictoides; specialist aphid Aphis pulchella; seeds eaten by birds; toxic to many herbivores; no standout Lepidoptera host found | occasional | flower/seeder | ||||||||||||
54 | Free | intermediate | Eurybia divaricata | White Wood Aster | forb/short lived | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | fa | field/border/field/road | Host for Pearl Crescent and several specialist moths including Bilobed/Shining Dichomeris and Gnorimoschema gall moths; nectar for fall pollinators | abundant | flower/seeder | |||||||||||
55 | Free | intermediate | Euthamia graminifolia | Grass-leaved goldenrod | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | fa | field/wetland/roadside | Larval host for Euthamia/goldenrod-associated moths and leaf miners; nectar for pollinators | common | flower/spreader/seeder | |||||||||||
56 | Free | intermediate | Eutrochium maculatum | spotted Joe Pye weed | forb/perennial | mix | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/wetland/roadside | Nectar source for pollinators; host for Joe-Pye Weed Borer (Papaipema eupatorii), Eupatorium Borer, Three-lined Flower Moth, and other moths | common | towering | ||||||||||||
57 | Free | advanced | Filipendula rubra | Queen of the Prairie | forb/perennial | mix | medium/high | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/water-edge | Nectar/pollen for pollinators; some sawfly larvae feed on foliage | occasional | flower | ||||||||||||
58 | Free | intermediate | Geum canadense | White avens | forb/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | ☻ | medium | sp | su | woodland/field | Host for Tinagma obscurofasciella, a specialist leaf-mining moth; reported host for Papaipema spp.; nectar/pollen for bees | abundant | filler | ||||||||||
59 | Swap | advanced | Geum triflorum | Prairie smoke | forb/perennial | unknown | low | ☺ | well drained | sp | rocky dry sunny patches | Important early-season pollen source for emerging bumblebee queens; flowers are buzz-pollinated. | rare | ||||||||||||||
60 | Swap | intermediate | Hedeoma pulegioides | American pennyroyal | annual | eco 59 | low | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | Nectar and pollen for small native bees, including sweat bees, little carpenter bees, and Calliopsis bees; occasionally visited by hoverflies. | occational | Strong aromatic/lemon/minty | ||||||||||||
61 | Free | intermediate | Helenium autumnale | Common sneezeweed | forb/perennial | mix | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | fa | field/border/roadside/water-edge | Nectar for butterflies; specialist bee Andrena helianthi; host for Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth (Papaipema rigida) | common | flower/towering | |||||||||||
62 | Swap | intermediate | Helianthus angustifolius | swamp sunflower | perennial | unknown | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | |||||||||||||||||
63 | Free | intermediate | Helianthus decapetalus | Thin leaved sunflower | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | fa | field/border/roadside/water-edge | High-value nectar and pollen source for native bees, butterflies, and wasps; larval host for Silvery Checkerspot and Painted Lady; mature seeds eaten by birds. | uncommon | ||||||||||||
64 | Swap | intermediate | Helianthus decapetalus | Thin leaved sunflower | perennial | Unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | su | fa | field/border | 60 days cold, moist | ||||||||||||||
65 | Free | intermediate | Helianthus divaricatus | Woodland sunflower | forb/perennial | mix | medium/high | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | fa | woodland/edge | Host for Silvery Checkerspot, Gorgone Checkerspot, and several specialist sunflower moths; seeds eaten by birds | occasional | flower/spreader | |||||||||||
66 | Free | intermediate | Helianthus mollis | Ashy sunflower | forb/perennial | non-native | medium/tall | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/water-edge | Host for Painted Lady plus checkerspots and several sunflower-feeding moths [mostly Helianthus-genus records]; seeds eaten by finches | occasional | flower/spreading | |||||||||||||
67 | Swap | intermediate | Helianthus occidentalis | Western/ Few leaved sunflower | perennial | non-native | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | |||||||||||||||||
68 | Free | intermediate | Helianthus occidentalis | Fewleaf sunflower | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/high | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside/water-edge | Host for Painted Lady plus checkerspots and several sunflower-feeding moths [mostly Helianthus-genus records]; pollen for specialist bee Melissodes agilis | occasional | flower/towering | |||||||||||||
69 | Free | intermediate | Heliopsis helianthoides | False Sunflower | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | fa | field/roadside/woodland | Pollen for specialist bee Andrena helianthi; host for Astrotischeria heliopsisella leaf-mining moth and Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth; seeds eaten by birds | occasional | flower | |||||||||||
70 | Swap | intermediate | Heracleum maximum | Cow parsnip | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | field/wetlad/roadside/woodland | Excellent pollen and nectar resource for native bees, flies, wasps, and beetles; also browsed by mammals. | occasional | flower/towering | ||||||||||||
71 | Free | advanced | Heuchera villosa | Hairy Alumroot | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | well drained | su | fa | woodland/edge | Nectar for small bees and syrphid flies; reported host for Papaipema heucherae moth | occasional | groundcover | |||||||||||
72 | Free | intermediate | Hypericum prolificum | Shrubby St. John’s wort | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | field/border/field/road | Host for Chionodes angustella, Gray Hairstreak, and Gray Half-spot Moth (Nedra ramosula); nectar/pollen for specialist bee Andrena bradleyi | occasional | shrub | ||||||||||||
73 | Free | intermediate | Hypericum punctatum | Spotted St John's-wort | forb/perennial | Westchester | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | woodland/edge | Host for Hypericum moths (Acleris spp.), Gray Hairstreak, and Gray Half-spot Moth; pollen source for native bees | common | flower/seeder | ||||||||||||
74 | Free | intermediate | Juncus tenuis | Slender/Path rush | forb/perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | su | field/path/road | Host for several moth larvae, including Javelin Moth (Bactra verutana) and other rush-feeding moths [some genus-level records] | abundant | filler | |||||||||||
75 | Swap | intermediate | Laportea canadensis | Wood nettle | perennial | urticaceae | medium | ☻ | ☻ | most | su | foliage/rewilding | Larval host for Red Admiral and Eastern Comma butterflies; supports many beneficial insects; dense colonies provide cover and structure for woodland wildlife. | host for red admiral caterpillars. | seeds/division | ||||||||||||
76 | Swap | advanced | Lechea mucronata | Hairy pinweed | forb/shortlived perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | ☺ | rocky | su | filler/rewilding | larval host for Schinia lynx moth. | common | seeds/division | ||||||||||||
77 | Free | intermediate | Lespedeza capitata | Round-headed bush clover | forb/perennial | mix | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | rocky | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Gray Hairstreak, Hoary Edge, Silver-spotted Skipper, Northern/Southern Cloudywing, Eastern Tailed-Blue, and Lespedeza Webworm; seeds eaten by gamebirds | common | flower/towering | ||||||||||||
78 | Swap | intermediate | Liatris aspera | tall blazing star | forb/perennial | unknown | medium/tall | ☺ | well drained | su | field/border/roadside | Late-season nectar and pollen source for bees, butterflies, and skippers; host for several flower moths; seeds eaten by birds. | uncommon | ||||||||||||||
79 | Free | intermediate | Liatris spicata | Dense blazing star/Gay feather | forb/perennial | mix | medium | ☺ | ☺ | well drained | su | field/border | Nectar powerhouse for monarchs, fritillaries, and skippers; host for Liatris Flower Moth (Schinia sanguinea) and Liatris Borer Moth | occasional | flower/structure | ||||||||||||
80 | Swap | advanced | Linum sulcatum | Grooved yellow flax | forb/shortlived perennial | Westchester | low | ☺ | rocky | su | field/border/roadside | small naturalizer | flower | common | seeds/division | ||||||||||||
81 | Swap | intermediate | Lobelia inflata | Indian tobacco | forb/ annual | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | poor | su | field/border/roadside | Flowers support small native bees, especially sweat bees; foliage generally avoided by mammals because of toxicity. | abundant | abundant/toxic seeds | ||||||||||||
82 | Free | intermediate | Lobelia siphilitica | Blue lobelia | forb/perennial | mix | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | woodland/border/roadside/water-edge | Bumblebee-pollinated; larval host for lobelia stem borers and Pink-washed Looper Moth (Enigmogramma basigera) | occasional | filler | ||||||||||||
83 | Free | intermediate | Monarda fistulosa | Wild Bergamot | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Nectar for hummingbirds, bumble bees, and butterflies; host for Hermit Sphinx and specialist Monarda moths including Coleophora monardae/monardella | common | spreading | ||||||||||||
84 | Free | beginner | Oenothera biennis | Common evening Primrose | forb/biennial | Westchester | tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Primrose Moth, Pearly Wood-Nymph, White-lined Sphinx, and Mompha stem borers; nectar for evening-flying moths | abundant | flower/towering/seeder | ||||||||||||
85 | Swap | intermediate | Oligoneuron album | Upland White Goldenrod | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Nectar and pollen for bees, butterflies, and other insects; host for Wavy-lined Emerald moth; seeds eaten by goldfinches and other songbirds. | uncommon | present | |||||||||||||
86 | Free | intermediate | Oligoneuron rigidum | Stiff Goldenrod | forb/perennial | Westchester | tall | ☺ | sandy | su | field/border/roadside | Excellent late-season resource for bees and butterflies, including migrating Monarchs; seeds eaten by songbirds and gamebirds. | occasional | ||||||||||||||
87 | Free | advanced | Packera aurea | Golden groundsel/groundcover | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | woodland | Host for The Gem moth (Orthonama obstipata) [Packera host group]; nectar for early bees | common | groundcover | ||||||||||||
88 | Free | intermediate | Panicum virgatum | Switch/Panic grass | grass/perennial | Westchester | medium/large | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Host for many skippers, including Delaware, Leonard's, Indian, Hobomok, Tawny-edged, and Northern Broken-Dash; also Elachista leaf miners; seeds eaten by birds | occasional | sculptural | ||||||||||||
89 | Free | intermediate | Parthenium integrifolium | Wild Quinine | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | sp | su | field/roadsides/thickets/trellis | Long flowering season. Attracks many smaller pollinators. | occasional | Big plant, long floweringlong flowering | |||||||||||
90 | Free | intermediate | Penstemon digitalis | Foxglove beardtongue | forb/perennial | Ecoregion 59 | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | sp | field/border/roadside | Nectar for long-tongued bees and hummingbirds; specialist bee Osmia distincta; host for Chalcedony Midget Moth (Elaphria chalcedonia); Baltimore caterpillar reports are less certain | occasional | flower | ||||||||||||
91 | Swap | intermediate | Penstemon hirsutus | Hairy beardtongue | forb/perennial | unknown | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | ☻ | medium | sp | woodland/edge/field | Valuable nectar source for bumblebees; also visited by other bees, wasps, butterflies, skippers, and moths. | occasional | ||||||||||||
92 | Free | intermediate | Persicaria virginiana | Virginia Jumpseed | forb/perennial | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☻ | medium | su | woodland | Seeds eaten by birds; host for several Lepidoptera, including smartweed-feeding and geometer moths [mostly Persicaria-genus records] | abundant | rewilding | ||||||||||||
93 | Swap | intermediate | Phlox paniculata | Garden phlox | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Nectar for butterflies, especially swallowtails and skippers, as well as sphinx moths, bees, and hummingbirds. | uncommon | present | ||||||||||||
94 | Swap | intermediate | Physostegia virginiana | Obedient plant | forb/perennial | mix | medium/tall | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border/roadside | Nectar and pollen for bees and butterflies; also visited by hummingbirds. | occasional | spreader | ||||||||||||
95 | Free | intermediate | Pilea pumila | Green-fruited clearweed | annual | Westchester | low | ☻ | ☻ | medium | su | fa | woodland edge/weedy | Larval host for Eastern Comma and other moth/butterfly caterpillars; supports small woodland insects. | abundant/weedy | ||||||||||||
96 | Free | intermediate | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | Rabbit tobacco | forb/ annual | Westchester | medium | ☺ | ☺ | well drained | su | fa | field/border/roadside | Important larval host for American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis); also host for Everlasting Tebenna Moth | common | filler/seeder | |||||||||||
97 | Swap | expert | Pycnanthemum tenuifolium | Narrow l. mountain mint | perennial | mix | low/medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | Excellent nectar and pollen source for native bees, wasps, butterflies, skippers, beetles, and flies; larval host for Wavy-lined Emerald moth. | uncommon | |||||||||||||
98 | Swap | intermediate | Rudbeckia fulgida | Orange coneflower | forb/perennial | unknown | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | su | field/border | Nectar for pollinators; larval host for Silvery Checkerspot and Wavy-lined Emerald moth; seeds eaten by songbirds, especially goldfinches.pollen specialists include Andrena rudbeckiae; seeds eaten by finches. | occasional | seeds/division | ||||||||||||
99 | Free | intermediate | Rudbeckia subtomentosa | Sweet black eyed susan | perennial | asteraceae | medium | su | field/border | ||||||||||||||||||
100 | Free | intermediate | Rudbeckia hirta | Black eyed Susan | forb/annual/biennial | mix | medium | ☺ | ☺ | medium | sp | su | field/border/roadside | Host for Silvery Checkerspot; pollen specialist Andrena rudbeckiae | abundant | filler | |||||||||||