| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | ||
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1 | Common Name | Accepted / Rejected (Reason) | Scientific Name | Host | Proposed Target (Parasite/Host) | Target Genome Sequenced? | Symptoms | Geography | Experts | Current funding amount | Current funding sources | # of people infected | Current treatment / Prevention | DALY | Sources | Notes | |||||||||||||||||
2 | Chagas (American trypanosomiasis) | Accepted | Trypanosoma cruzi | Triatomine insects | Host | No | fever, skin lesions, swelling of the eyelids, cardiac and digestive disorders; chronic chagas cardiomyopathy occurs in ~30 percent of those infected | Primarily Central and South America, North America | Barbara Burleigh | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | 6-7 million | Benznidazole, nifurtimoxm, only effective during acute phase, no effective treatment for chronic phase | 22 million | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/ WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | Whipworm | Accepted | Trichuris trichiura | human | Parasite | Yes | impaired physical and cognitive development in children | sub-saharan Africa & southeast Asia, the Americas | Richard Grencis (University of Manchester) | See Helminth data in funding tab | GHIT Fund: https://www.ghitfund.org/assets/attach/ghit_advancing_portfolio.pdf Gates Foundation: http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database#q/k=soil-transmitted | ~700 million | albendazole, mebendazole, effective within 1-3 days; iron supplements for anemia | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||
4 | Hookworm | Accepted | Necator americanus | human | Parasite | Yes | anemia, protein deficiency, can retard growth and mental development in school children | sub-saharan Africa & southeast Asia, the Americas | David Diermert, GWU, Dr. Mitreva,WashU St Louis, Alex Loukas: Austrailian institute tropical medicine | See Helminth data in funding tab | GHIT Fund: https://www.ghitfund.org/assets/attach/ghit_advancing_portfolio.pdf Gates Foundation: http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database#q/k=soil-transmitted | 6-700 million | albendazole, mebendazole, effective within 1-3 days | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/hookworm/ | |||||||||||||||||||
5 | Hookworm | Rejected -- majority of disease burden is N. americanus. A. duodenale genome not sequenced yet. | Ancylostoma duodenale | human | Parasite | No | anemia, protein deficiency, can retard growth and mental development in school children | sub-saharan Africa & southeast Asia | See Helminth data in funding tab | GHIT Fund: https://www.ghitfund.org/assets/attach/ghit_advancing_portfolio.pdf Gates Foundation: http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database#q/k=soil-transmitted | ~35 million | albendazole, mebendazole, effective within 1-3 days | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Threadworm | Accepted | Strongyloides stercoralis | human | Parasite | Yes | Itchy anal region, insomnia, abdominal pain | Global occurrences, most common worm infection in the United States | See Helminth data in funding tab | GHIT Fund: https://www.ghitfund.org/assets/attach/ghit_advancing_portfolio.pdf Gates Foundation: http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database#q/k=soil-transmitted | one dose each of mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and albendazole taken two weeks apart | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Chikungunya | Accepted | Alphavirus Chikungunya virus | Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus | Host | Yes | fever, joint pain, joint swelling, rash | 60+ countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | 1-2 million | No antiviral treatment. Treatment is directed at symptom relief. | -Varying figures, based on specific outbreak studies (NIH) | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/ WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||
8 | Dengue | Accepted | Flavivirus Dengue virus | Aedes aegyptii | Host | Yes | severe, flu-like symptoms | tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, particularly Asia and South America | Dr. Alan Rothman, University of Rhode Island - immunopathology of dengue | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | 400 million | no treatment | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||
9 | Zika | Accepted | Flavivirus Zika virus | Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus | Host | Yes | fever, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain, conjunctivitis | Africa, Asia, and the Americas; most recent outbreaks have occurred in Brazil and French Polynesia | Data unavailable | Data unavailable | 1-2 million | No vaccine available. Treatment is directed at symptom relief. | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Malaria | Rejected - high level of funding already | Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, knowlesi, malariae | Anopheles mosquito | Host | Yes | Fever, death | 90% Africa | Flaminia Catteruccia; Austin Burt | high | hundreds of millions | Artimisinin | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/ WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ | Gates foundation is planning a lot of funding for Malaria gene drives, not clear if there is a need for more funding | |||||||||||||||||||
11 | Schistosomiasis | Rejected -funding already secured | Schistosoma | Bulinus Snails | Parasite | Yes | rash, fever, chills, internal organ damage | 90+% Africa | Paul Brindley | low | tens to hundreds of millions | praziquantel / vaccination | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Lymphatic Filariasis | Rejected - parasite is carried by mosquitos carried by 4 genera, includinng Aedes and Anopheles | Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori | mosquito: Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia, and Aedes | Host | Yes | large swelling in limbs or genitals | Africa and India | Horatio Frydman (Wolbachia) | low | 120 million | albendazole with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine citrate (annual treatment for 4-6 years) | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Giant Roundworm | Rejected - long life cycle | Ascaris lumbricoides | human | Parasite | Yes | abdominal discomfort | sub-saharan Africa & southeast Asia, the Americas | Seppo Parkkila (University of Tempere, Finland) | ~1.5 billion impacted by STHs globally | Albendazole is fairly effective. WHO advises albendalzole and mebendazole treatment. | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||
14 | River blindness | Rejected - too many host species | Onchocerca volvulus | blackflies | Host | Yes | Blindness, skin lesions, severe itching | Primarily Africa, with occurrences in South America | Dr. Makedonka Mitreva, WashU St. Louis | ~37 million | ivermectin at least once yearly for 10 to 15 years | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/index.html WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs374/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Sleeping Sickness | Rejected - too many host species | Trypanosomiasis | tsetse flies | Host | Yes | fever, headache | sub-saharan africa | ~30,000-60,000 | Stage 1: Pentamidine and Suramin, Stage 2: Melarsoprol, Eflornithine, nifurtimox | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) | Rejected - global burden is low and decreasing rapidly | Dracunculus medinensis | parasite infected water fleas | Possibly Parasite | N/A | Painful sores and blisters, exhaustion | Africa | Barton Slatko, NEB | Only 22 confirmed cases in 2015 | No treatment | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs359/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Cholera | Rejected -- cannot target bacterium or human hosts | Vibrio cholerae (bacterium) | humans, shellfish | Unable to target | N/A | acute diarrhoea, severe dehydration | Africa, Asia, and the Americas | 1.4 to 4.3 million cases annually | Oral rehydration salts, two available vaccines | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/index.html WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Tapeworm | Rejected- hosts are domestic animals and humans, which are impractical to target. Worms can live for years inside both animal and human hosts, making parasite targeting impractical | echinococcosis | Dogs / sheep intermediate | Parasite | No | abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss | Global occurrences, prominent in Central Asia | 1+ million | albendalzole, surgical removal | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/ WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs377/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Japanese encephalitis | Rejected - relatively low prevalence | Flaviviridae | mosquito (Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes) | Host | Yes | high fever, headache, neck stiffness, seizures | Southeast Asia and western Pacific | 68,000 infections annually | No antiviral treatment. Treatment is directed at symptom relief. | CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/japaneseencephalitis/ WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs386/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Leishmaniasis | Rejected - overly complicated life cycle involving many species that are poorly studied; current treatment is likely more effecient | Leishmania | parasite infected sandflies | Host | No | fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen, anaemia | Global occurrences, prominent in East Africa, Asia | 1.3 million cases annually | Treatment available, and specific to parasite, geographic region | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever | Rejected - relatively low prevalence | Bunyaviridae | ticks | Host | No | fever, myalgia, neck pain, liver failure, large rashes | Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia | Ribavirin, general treatment of symptoms | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Marburg haemorrhagic fever | Rejected -minimal laboratory capacity to study hosts (bats) | Filoviridae | Rousettus aegypti | Host | No | High fever, severe headaches, severe blood loss | Primarily Africa | No vaccine currently available. | WHO: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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