ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
1
Your excercise book with Classwork, Homework, Exam questions etc should be the main source of information for your revision.
2
Key idea The Challenge of Natural Hazards - What you need to know:Examples / Case StudiesConfidentRequires more revisionNot at all confident – needs addressingKnowledge organiser Extra revision resources
3
Natural Hazards

Key idea: Natural hazards pose major risks to people and propertyWhat is a natural hazard?What is a natural hazard? - Natural hazards - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
4
What are the different types of natural hazard?
5
What factors affect hazard risk?
6
Why do people continue to live in areas at risk from a tectonic hazard?Example: Iceland
7
Tectonic Hazards
Key idea: Earthquakes and volcanoes are the result of physical processesWhat is "Plate Tectonics Theory?"The Earth's structure and plate tectonics - Plate margins and plate tectonics - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
8
What is the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and their relationship to plate margins.
9
What are the physical processes taking place at different types of plate margin that lead to earthquakes and volcanic activity? What happens at each plate margin? What landforms do you find at each one?Destructive margins: Oceanic to continental: West coast N & S America, Pacific Ring of Fire
10
Constructive margins: Mid Atlantic Ridge
11
Conservative margins: San Andreas Fault
12
Collision margins: Continental to continental: Himalayas
13
Key idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealthWhat are the primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard?Effects and responses of earthquakes - Earthquakes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
14
What are the immediate and long-term responses to a tectonic hazard?
15
How do the effects and responses to a tectonic hazard vary between two areas of contrasting levels of wealth? NAMED EXAMPLES- New Zealand vs NEPALNamed EG's
HIC/ wealthy- New Zealand 2016
LIC/ poorer - Nepal 2015		https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/new-zealand-earthquake-2016/ https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/nepal-earthquake-2015/
16
How monitoring, prediction, protection and planning can reduce the risks from a tectonic hazard.Prediction, protection and preparation - Earthquakes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
17
Weather HazardsKey idea: Global atmospheric circulation helps to determine patterns of weather and climate.What is Global atmospheric circulation? Pressure belts and surface winds.Global atmospheric circulation - Tropical storms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
18
Key idea: Tropical storms (hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons) develop as a result of particular physical conditionsWhat is the global distribution of tropical storms? (hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons)Structure, features and the development of tropical storms - Tropical storms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
19
An understanding of the relationship between tropical storms and general atmospheric circulation.
20
Causes of tropical storms and the sequence of their formation and development.
21
What are the structure and features of a tropical storm?
22
How might climate change affect the distribution, frequency and intensity of tropical storms?
23
Key idea: Tropical storms have significant effects on people and the environment.Primary and secondary effects of tropical storms.Named Example: Typhoon Haiyan
24
Immediate and long-term responses to tropical storms.
25
Use a NAMED EXAMPLE of a tropical storm to show its effects and responses- TYPHOON HAIYAN
26
How monitoring, prediction, protection and planning can reduce the effects of tropical storms.
27
UK Weather hazardsKey idea: The UK is affected by a number of weather hazards.An overview of types of weather hazard experienced in the UK.Weather hazards in the UK - Internet Geography
28
Key idea: Extreme weather events in the UK have impacts on human activity.An example of a recent extreme weather event in the UK to illustrate:
-causes
-social, economic and environmental impacts
-how management strategies can reduce risk.		Example: Summer 2022 extreme heatCauses of UK weather - Is weather in the UK becoming more extreme? - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
29
Evidence that weather is becoming more extreme in the UK.
30
Climate Change Key idea: Climate change is the result of natural and human factors, and has a range of effects.Evidence for climate change from the beginning of the Quaternary period to the present day.Climate change and global warming - Climate change - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
31
Possible causes of climate change:
natural factors – orbital changes, volcanic activity and solar output
human factors – use of fossil fuels, agriculture and deforestation.
32
Overview of the effects of climate change on people and the environment.
33
Key idea: Managing climate change involves both mitigation (reducing causes) and adaptation (responding to change).Managing climate change:
mitigation – alternative energy production, carbon capture, planting trees, international agreements
adaptation – change in agricultural systems, managing water supply, reducing risk from rising sea levels.
34
35
36
Key idea The Living World- What you need to know:Examples / Case StudiesConfidentRequires more revisionNot at all confident – needs addressingKnowledge organiser Extra revision resources
37
EcosystemsKey idea: Ecosystems exist at a range of scales and involve the interaction between biotic and abiotic componentsHow are global biomes distributed and what are their characteristics?Biomes - location of global ecosystems - Ecosystems - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
38
An example of a small scale UK ecosystem to illustrate the concept of interrelationships within a natural system, an understanding of producers, consumers, decomposers, food chain, food web and nutrient cycling.Example: Pond What is an ecosystem? - Ecosystems - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
39
The balance between components in ecosystems- how does the impact of changing one component affect an ecosystem?
40
Tropical Rainforests Key idea: Tropical rainforest ecosystems have a range of distinctive characteristicsThe physical characteristics of a tropical rainforest.Characteristics of tropical rainforests - Tropical rainforests - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
41
The interdependence of climate, water, soils, plants, animals and people.Plant and animal adaptations - Tropical rainforests - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
42
How do plants adapt to the physical conditions in tropical rainforests?
43
How do animals adapt to the physical conditions in tropical rainforests?
44
Key idea: Deforestation has economic and environmental impactsHow are rates of deforestation changing?CASE STUDY: Malaysia TRF

Threats to the tropical rainforest - deforestation - Tropical rainforests - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
45
What are the causes of deforestation? (eg. subsistance and commercial farming, logging, mineral extraction, energy development, road building) - Especially Palm oil farming in Malaysia.
46
What are the positive and negative impacts of deforestation (eg. economic development, soil erosion, contribution to climate change)?Malaysian Rainforest
47
Key idea: Tropical rainforests need to be managed to be sustainableHow are tropical rainforests valuable to people and the environment? Examples: Lapa Rios ecotourism resort- Costa Rica
48
How does selective logging and afforestation help manage the tropical rainforest? Sustainable management of tropical rainforests - Tropical rainforests - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
49
How does education and conservation help to manage the tropical rainforest?
50
What is ecotourism and how does it help manage the tropical rainforest?
51
How do international agreements (about hardwoods) protect the tropical rainforest?
52
What are ‘debt-for-nature swaps’ (debt reduction)?
53
Hot deserts (option) (DO NOT ANSWER ABOUT COLD ENVIRONMENTS)Key idea: Hot desert ecosystems have a range of distinctive characteristics.What are the physical characteristics of a hot desert.Characteristics of hot desert ecosystems - Hot deserts - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
54
The interdependence of climate, water, soils, plants, animals and people.How have animals adapted to the desert? - Internet Geography
55
How plants and animals adapt to the physical conditions.How has hot desert vegetation adapted to the climate? - Internet Geography
56
Key idea: Development of hot desert environments creates opportunities and challengesDo you know a case study of a hot desert? THAR CASE STUDY: Thar DesertCase study - the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India - Hot deserts - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
57
What are the development opportunities in hot desert environments? (eg. mineral extraction, energy, farming, tourism)
58
What are the challenges of developing hot desert environments? (eg. extreme temperatures, water supply, inaccessibility)
59
Key idea: Areas on the fringe of hot deserts are at risk of desertification.What are the causes of desertification – climate change, population growth, removal of fuel wood, overgrazing, over-cultivation and soil erosion.Desertification - causes and prevention strategies - Hot deserts - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
60
Strategies used to reduce the risk of desertification – water and soil management, tree planting and use of appropriate technology.Sustainable development in the desert - The Great Green Wall - Internet Geography
61
62
63
Key idea UK Landscapes (Coasts & RIvers)- What you need to know:Examples / Case StudiesConfidentRequires more revisionNot at all confident – needs addressingKnowledge organiser Extra revision resources
64
Key idea: The UK has a range of diverse landscapes.An overview of the location of major upland/lowland areas and river systems.Physical landscapes in the UK - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
65
Coastal landscapes in the uk (option)Key idea: the coast is shaped by a number of physical processesWave types - Constructive and Destructive- and their characteristics.Wave types - constructive and destructive - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
66
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zs3ptycweathering/ sub aerial processes – mechanical, chemical, biologicalTypes of weathering - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
67
mass movement – sliding, slumping and rock fallsTypes of mass movement - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
68
erosion – hydraulic power, abrasion, solution and attritionErosion - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
69
transportation – longshore drift & Traction, Saltation, Suspension, SolutionTransportation - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
70
deposition – why sediment is deposited in coastal areas.Deposition - Coastal processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
71
Key idea: distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical processesHow geological structure and rock type influence coastal forms (eg. concordant and discordant coastlines) Erosional landforms - Coastal landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
72
What landforms result from erosion and how are they formed? (eg. headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks and stumps)Erosional landforms - Coastal landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
73
What landforms result from deposition and how are they formed? (eg. beaches, sand dunes, spits and bars)Depositional landforms - Coastal landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
74
An example of a section of coastline in the UK to identify its major landforms of erosion and deposition.Dorset CoastCase study - Dorset coastline - Coastal landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
75
Key idea: different management strategies can be used to protect coastlines from the effects of physical processesWhat hard engineering strategies help protect the coastline? How do they work and what are their pros and cons? (eg. sea walls, groynes, rock armour, gabions)Hard engineering strategies - advantages and disadvantages - Coastal management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
76
What soft engineering strategies help protect the coastline? How do they work and what are their pros and cons? (eg. beach nourishment and reprofiling, dune regeneration)Soft engineering strategies - advantages and disadvantages - Coastal management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
77
What is managed retreat / coastal realignment and what are its pros and cons? Medmerry Case Study Coastal Realignment - Internet Geography
78
An example of a coastal management scheme in the UK to show:
-the reasons for management
-the management strategy
-the resulting effects and conflicts.		Example: Lyme Regis, Dorset
79
River landscapes in the uk (option)Key idea: the shape of river valleys changes as rivers flow downstreamHow does the long profile and cross profile change as a river moves downstream?River profiles - River processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
80
What processes operate along the river: FLUVIAL processes:
Erosion: hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution
Types of erosion - River processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
81
Transportation: traction, saltation, suspension and solutionTypes of transportation - River processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
82
Deposition: why rivers deposit sediment.Deposition - River processes - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
83
Key idea: distinctive fluvial landforms result from different physical processesCharacteristics and formation of landforms resulting from erosion – interlocking spurs, waterfalls and gorges.Erosional landforms - River landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
84
Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from erosion and deposition – meanders and ox-bow lakes.Erosional and depositional landforms - River landforms - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
85
Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from deposition – levées, flood plains and estuaries.
86
An example of a river valley in the UK to identify its major landforms of erosion and deposition.River SEVERN
87
Key idea: different management strategies can be used to protect river landscapes from the effects of floodingHow physical and human factors affect the flood risk – precipitation, geology, relief and land use.Flood risk factors - River management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
88
The use of hydrographs to show the relationship between precipitation and discharge.Hydrographs - River management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
89
What hard engineering strategies help protect the land along a river? How do they work and what are their pros and cons? (eg. dams and reservoirs, channel straightening, embankments, flood relief channels)Hard engineering strategies - River management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
90
What soft engineering strategies help protect the land along a river? How do they work and what are their pros and cons? (eg. flood warnings and preparation, flood plain zoning, afforestation, river restoration)Soft engineering strategies - River management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
91
An example of a flood management scheme in the UK to show:
-why the scheme was required
-the management strategy
-the social, economic and environmental issues		River Severn flood management
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100