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Table 1: Sovereigns: Years in Default 1975-2002 on Foreign Currency Bond Debt
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YearsRating in Previous Year
Rating during Period of Default
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Moody'sS & PMoody'sS & P
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Argentina1989 ; 2001-02Ba3 ; B1na ; BB- B3 ; Cana ; SD
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Bolivia1989-97
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Costa Rica1984-85
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Ecuador1999-2000B3Caa2SD
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Former Yugoslavia1992-2002
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Guatemala1989
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Ivory Coast2000-02
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Moldova1998 ; 2002Ba2 ; Caa1B2 ; Caa1
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Nigeria1986-88 ; 92
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Pakistan1999Caa1CCCaa1SD
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Panama1987-94
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Russia1998-2000Ba2BB-B3SD
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Ukraine1998-2000B2Caa1
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Venezuela1995-97Ba2B+Ba2B
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Zimbabwe1975-80
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Source: Standard & Poor's Credit Week December 22, 1999 "Sovereign Defaults: Hiatus in 2000?",
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updated with S&P publication September 24, 2002 "Sovereign Defaults: Moving Higher Again in 2003?"
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and S&P and Moody's Ratings Services for ratings.
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Note: Ratings refer to the minimum ratings given during the period, and for Ukraine the previous year is the new rating issued on 2/6/98
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