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TitleAuthor(S)DatePublicationLinkCategoryActorRegion
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Influence Cyber Operations: The Use of Cyberattacks in Support of Influence Operations
Pascal Brangetto and Matthijs A. Veenendaal
2016
2016 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict
https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-08-Influence-Cyber-Operations-The-Use-of-Cyberattacks-in-Support-of-Influence-Operations.pdf
Influence Operationsx
3
Domestic Disinformation on the Rise in AfricaOctober 6, 2021Africa Center for Strategic Studies
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/domestic-disinformation-on-the-rise-in-africa/
Disinformationx
4
Disinformation Drilling into Africa’s Information EcosystemsMark DuerksenFebruary 8, 2023Africa Center for Strategic Studies
https://africacenter.org/experts/disinformation-drilling-africa-information-ecosystems/
Disinformationx
5
China’s United Front Strategy in AfricaPaul NantulyaSeptember 5, 2023Africa Center for Strategic Studies
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/china-united-front-africa/
Chinax
6
Mapping a Surge of Disinformation in AfricaMarch 13, 2024Africa Center for Strategic Studies
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/mapping-a-surge-of-disinformation-in-africa/
Disinformationx
7
Disinformation and Entropy: Leveraging AI in the Information EnvironmentJosé R. DavisVol. 3, No. 2, Summer 2024Air & Space Operations Review
https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-3_Number-2/Davis.pdf
Artificial Intelligence
8
Dealing with Disinformation: The Barriers to Success and a Path Forward
James M. Davitch
Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 2022Air & Space Operations Review
https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-1_Issue-1/Davitch_Dealing_With_Disinformation.pdf
Disinformation
9
Intermediate Objectives and Incremental Behavior Change: Relooking a Current Paradigm for DOD Foreign Influence Efforts
Ian J. CourterJan. 1, 2023Air Land Sea Space Application Center
https://www.alssa.mil/Portals/9/Documents/articles/230101_ALSA_Article_Courter_Intermediate_Psychological_Objectives.pdf
x
10
Russian Information Warfare as Domestic CounterinsurgencyStephen BlankVolume 35, 2013 - Issue 1American Foreign Policy Interests
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10803920.2013.757946
Russiax
11
Joseph Goebbels: Propagandist
Kenneth J. Campbell
Vol. 30, No. 2 (2012)American Intelligence Journalhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26202024Propagandax
12
The COVID-19 Threat: A Pandemic of Disinformation, Misinformation, Mal-Information, and Malicious Influence Operations
Jeffrey S. VotawVol. 38, No. 1, (2021)American Intelligence Journalhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/27087757x
13
The TrustNatalie GrantVol. 12, No. 1, (1991)American Intelligence Journalhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/44319063?DeceptionRussiax
14
Defending Liberal Democracies Against Disinformation
Jacob P. Matthews
Vol. 36, No. 2, (2019)American Intelligence Journalhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/27066376?Disinformationx
15
What's in a Name? Waging War to Win Hearts and Minds
Robert J. Kodosky
Vol. 32, No. 1 (2015)American Intelligence Journalhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26202117x
16
Influence Operations in Cyberspace – How They Really Work
Petere Pijpers and P.A.L. Ducheine
September 24, 2020Amsterdam Center for International Law
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3698642
Influence Operationsx
17
Iranian digital influence efforts: Guerrilla broadcasting for the twenty-first century
Emerson T. Brooking and Suzanne Kianpour
February 11, 2020Atlantic Council
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IRAN-DIGITAL.pdf
Influence OperationsIranx
18
Democratic defense against disinformation 2.0
Alina Polyakova, Daniel Fried
June 13, 2019Atlantic Council
http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Democratic_Defense_Against_Disinformation_2.0.pdf
Disinformationx
19
Digital Autocracy: Maduro’s control of the Venezuelan information environment
Esteban Ponce de León and Daniel Suárez Pérez
September 30, 2022Atlantic Council
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/DigitalAutocracyVEN-FINAL.pdf
Venezuelax
20
Political warfare in the digital age: cyber subversion, information operations and ‘deep fakes’
Thomas Paterson & Lauren Hanley
Volume 74, 2020 - Issue 4Australian Journal of International Affairs
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10357718.2020.1734772
Political Warfarex
21
Truth and reality with Chinese characteristics
Samantha Hoffman , Tilla Hoja , Yvonne Lau & Lilly Min-Chen Lee
02 May 2024Australian Strategic Policy Institute
https://www.aspi.org.au/report/truth-and-reality-chinese-characteristics
Chinax
22
Protecting Democracy in an Era of Cyber Information WarJoseph S. NyeFebruary 2019
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/ProtectingDemocracy.pdf
x
23
National CounterInformation Operations StrategyFebruary 2019
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/CounterIO.pdf
United Statesx
24
A Next Generation National Information Operations Strategy and ArchitectureJack KieslerSeptember 2021
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/Next%20Gen%20National%20IO%20Strategy%20-%20Kiesler.pdf
United Statesx
25
The Geopolitics of Information
Eric Rosenbach, Katherine Mansted
May 2019
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/GeopoliticsInformation.pdf
26
Combating Information Operations: Developing an Operating ConceptSimon JonesJune 2018
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/PAE%20Jones%20-%20web%20final%281%29.pdf
x
27
Cognitive Warfare: The Russian Threat to Election Integrity in the Baltic States
Oliver Backes, Andrew Swab
November 2019
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/CognitiveWarfare.pdf
ElectionsRussiax
28
Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation: A Case Study of Taiwan’s 2020 Elections
Aaron HuangJuly 2020
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/Combatting%20Chinese%20Propaganda%20and%20Disinformation%20-%20Huang.pdf
ElectionsChinax
29
The Use of Cyberwarfare in Influence Operations
Daniel Cohen & Ofir Bar'el
October 1, 2017
Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center (ICRC) at Tel Aviv University
https://en-cyber.tau.ac.il/sites/cyberstudies-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/cyber%20center/cyber-center/Cyber_Cohen_Barel_ENG.pdf
Influence Operationsx
30
Restoring America’s Good Name: Improving Strategic Communications with the Islamic World
Hady Amr and P.W. Singer
September 1, 2006Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/09middleeast_amr.pdf
Strategic Communicationx
31
Deepfakes and international conflict
Daniel L. Byman, Chongyang Gao, Chris Meserole, and V.S. Subrahmanian
January 2023Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/FP_20230105_deepfakes_international_conflict.pdf
Artificial Intelligencex
32
Winning the web: How Beijing exploits search results to shape views of Xinjiang and COVID-19
Jessica Brandt, Bret Schafer, Elen Aghekyan, Valerie Wirtschafter, and Adya Danaditya
May 2022Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/FP_20220525_china_seo_v2.pdf
Chinax
33
The future of political warfare: Russia, the West, and the coming age of global digital competition
Alina Polyakova and Spencer Phipps Boyer
March 2018Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/fp_20180316_future_political_warfare.pdf
Political WarfareRussiax
34
Winning the War of Words: Information Warfare in AfghanistanPeter W. SingerOctober 2001Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/winning-the-war-of-words-information-warfare-in-afghanistan/
x
35
The Breakout Scale: Measuring the Impact of Influence OperationsBen NimmoSeptember 2020Brookings Institute
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Nimmo_influence_operations_PDF.pdf
Influence Operationsx
36
An AI early warning system to monitor online disinformation, stop violence, and protect elections
Michael Yankoski, Tim Weninger & Walter Scheirer
Volume 76, 2020 - Issue 2Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2020.1728976
Artificial Intelligencex
37
Meme warfare: AI countermeasures to disinformation should focus on popular, not perfect, fakes
Michael Yankoski, Walter Scheirer & Tim Weninger
Volume 77, 2021 - Issue 3Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2021.1912093
Memeticsx
38
“Netwar”: The unwelcome militarization of the Internet has arrivedJonathan ZittrainVolume 73, 2017 - Issue 5Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2017.1362907
x
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The existential threat from cyber-enabled information warfareHerbert LinVolume 75, 2019 - Issue 4Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2019.1629574
Cyberx
40
NATO: Countering Strategic Maskirovka
Julian Lindley-French
May 2015Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute
https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/cdfai/pages/543/attachments/original/1432247421/NATO_Countering_Strategic_Maskirovka.pdf?1432247421
DeceptionRussiax
41
From Intelligence to Influence: The Role of Information Operations
Roger Vandomme
2010 No. 6 Canadian Forces College
https://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/237/251/vandomme-eng.pdf
Intelligencex
42
The Western Alliance In The Face Of The Russian (Dis)Information Machine: Where Does Canada Stand?
Sergey Sukhankin
September 2019Canadian Global Affairs Institute
https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/cdfai/pages/4258/attachments/original/1567979739/The_Western_Alliance_in_the_Face_of_the_Russian_%28Dis%29information_Machine_Where_Does_Canada_Stand.pdf?1567979739
DisinformationRussiax
43
Assessing National Information Ecosystems
Alicia Wanless, Samantha Lai, and John Hicks
February 11, 2025
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/files/Wanless%20et%20al%20-%20Assessing%20National%20Information%20Ecosystems.pdf
44
Phase-based Tactical Analysis of Online Operations
Ben Nimmo, Eric Hitchins
March 16, 2023
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/202303-Nimmo_Hutchins_Online_Ops.pdf
x
45
No Water’s Edge: Russia’s Information War and Regime Security
GAVIN WILDE, JUSTIN SHERMAN
January 2023
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/No_Waters_Edge-Russias_Information_War_and_Regime_Security_11.pdf
Russiax
46
Collaborative Models for Understanding Influence Operations: Lessons From Defense Research
JACOB SHAPIRO, MICHELLE NEDASHKOVSKAYA, JAN OLEDAN
June 2020
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/06/25/collaborative-models-for-understanding-influence-operations-lessons-from-defense-research-pub-82150
Influence Operationsx
47
What Makes an Influence Operation Malign?
KAMYA YADAV, MARTIN J. RIEDL, ALICIA WANLESS, SAMUEL WOOLLEY
August 2023
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/08/07/what-makes-influence-operation-malign-pub-90323
Influence Operationsx
48
Countering Disinformation Effectively: An Evidence-Based Policy Guide
JON BATEMAN, DEAN JACKSON
January 2024
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/2024/01/31/countering-disinformation-effectively-evidence-based-policy-guide-pub-91476
Disinformationx
49
A CERN Model for Studying the Information Environment
ALICIA WANLESS, JACOB N. SHAPIRO
November 2022
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Wanless_Shapiro_CERN_final.pdf
x
50
What Is So Foreign About Foreign Influence Operations?
Hedvig Ördén and James Pamment
January 2021
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Orden_Pamment_ForeignInfluenceOps2.pdf
Influence Operationsx
51
The Challenges of Countering Influence Operations
Elise Thomas, Natalie Thompson, and Alicia Wanless
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Thomas_Thompson_Wanless_-_PCIO_-_Influence_Ops.pdf
Influence Operationsx
52
Influence Operations Researchers Want Guidance on Best Practice, But What Does That Mean?
Dean JacksonDecember 05, 2022
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/12/05/influence-operations-researchers-want-guidance-on-best-practice-but-what-does-that-mean-pub-88517
Influence Operationsx
53
Dangerous Synergies: Countering Chinese and Russian Digital Influence Operations
Daniel Kliman, Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Kristine Lee, Joshua Fitt and Carisa Nietsche
May 7, 2020Center for a New American Security
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/backgrounds/documents/CNAS-Report-Dangerous-Synergies-May-2020-DoS-Proof.pdf
Influence Operationsx
54
The New War of Ideas: Counterterrorism Lessons for the Digital Disinformation FightKara FrederickJune 3, 2019Center for a New American Security
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/documents/CNAS-Report-Disinformation-final.pdf
Disinformationx
55
Under Pressure: The Growing Reach of Chinese Influence Campaigns in Democratic Societies
Harry KrejsaApril 27, 2018Center for a New American Security
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/backgrounds/documents/CNASReport-Under-Pressure-web.pdf
Influence OperationsChinax
56
Digital Threats to Democracy: A Double-Edged SentenceM. Nina MillerMay 20, 2020Center for a New American Security
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/backgrounds/documents/CNAS-Report-HTI-Double-Edged-Sentencev2-1.pdf
x
57
Engineers Of The Human Soul: China’s Propaganda Work SystemApril 29, 2023
Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis
https://cira.exovera.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Engineers-of-the-Human-Soul-Chinas-Propaganda-Work-System_CCP-Conference-Paper_sourced.pdf
PropagandaChinax
58
AI and the Future of Disinformation Campaigns - Part 1: The RICHDATA Framework
Katerina Sedova, Christine McNeill, Aurora Johnson, Aditi Joshi, Ido Wulkan
December 2021
Center for Security and Emerging Technology
https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-AI-and-the-Future-of-Disinformation-Campaigns-Report.pdf
Artificial Intelligencex
59
AI and the Future of Disinformation Campaigns - Part 2: A Threat Model
Katerina Sedova, Christine McNeill, Aurora Johnson, Aditi Joshi, Ido Wulkan
December 2021
Center for Security and Emerging Technology
https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-AI-and-the-Future-of-Disinformation-Campaigns-Part-2.pdf
Artificial Intelligencex
60
Forecasting Potential Misuses of Language Models for Disinformation Campaigns—and How to Reduce Risk
Josh A. Goldstein, Girish Sastry, Micah Musser, Renée DiResta, Matthew Gentzel, Katerina Sedova
January 2023
Center for Security and Emerging Technology
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.04246.pdfArtificial Intelligencex
61
Truth, Lies, and Automation: How Language Models Could Change Disinformation
Ben Buchanan, Andrew Lohn, Micah Musser, Katerina Sedova
May 2021
Center for Security and Emerging Technology
https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-Truth-Lies-and-Automation.pdf
Artificial Intelligencex
62
Deepfakes: A Grounded Threat AssessmentTim HwangJuly 2020
Center for Security and Emerging Technology
https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-Deepfakes-Report.pdf
Artificial Intelligencex
63
Finding China's Edge. Engineering Influence Operations within the Limits of Social Media Platform Rules
July 2021
Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich
https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/Cyber-Reports-2021-07-Finding-China's-Edge.pdf
Influence OperationsChinax
64
Cyber Influence Operations: An Overview and Comparative AnalysisOctober 2019
Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/382358/1/Cyber-Reports-2019-10-CyberInfluence.pdf
Influence Operationsx
65
Foreign Malign Influence Targeting U.S. and Allied CorporationsDaniel BymanMarch 20, 2025Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2025-03/250320_Byman_Foreign_Influence.pdf?VersionId=RRrbau8bPrR6dv7tHPjAMpFwaPY3d7Y3
66
Countering China’s Influence Activities: Lessons from AustraliaAmy SearightJuly 31, 2020Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/200731_Searight_ChinaInfluenceOperationsAustralia_v6_WEB%20FINAL.pdf
Chinax
67
With Friends Like These: Assessing Russian Influence in GermanyJeffrey MankoffJuly 24, 2020Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/200724_Mankoff_FullReport_v3.pdf
Russiax
68
Countering Russian & Chinese Influence Activities
Heather A. Conley, Amy Searight, Cyrus Newlin, and Tim Kostelancik
July 15, 2020Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/200714_Newlin_FullReport_v4_WEB%20FINAL.pdf
Chinax
69
Influence and Escalation: Implications of Russian and Chinese Influence Operations for Crisis Management
Rebecca Hersman, Eric Brewer, Lindsey Sheppard, Maxwell Simon
November 9, 2021Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/211109_Hersman_Influence_and_Escalation_0.pdf?fAE4qTWKrjF0eT9k8wVV6gs8KDU_x0Bn
x
70
Competing without Fighting: China's Strategy of Political Warfare
Seth G. Jones , Emily Harding , Catrina Doxsee , Jake Harrington , and Riley McCabe
August 2, 2023Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-08/230802_Jones_CompetingwithoutFighting.pdf?VersionId=Zb5B2Le0lf0kk7.QH7E0meA9phGqQEZf
Political WarfareChinax
71
Using Unclassified U.S. Government Reporting in America’s Global Battles of Influence
Anthony H. Cordesman
September 6, 2023Center for Strategic & International Studies
https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-09/230906_Cordesman_Gov_Reporting.pdf?VersionId=TdJXKY2Nut8Kto7woYrFAs_bUW38hAga
United Statesx
72
Winning Without Fighting: Chinese and Russian Political Warfare Campaigns and How the West Can Prevail – Volume 1
Ross BabbageJuly 24, 2019
Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
https://csbaonline.org/uploads/documents/Winning_Without_Fighting_Final.pdf
Political Warfarex
73
Winning Without Fighting: Chinese and Russian Political Warfare Campaigns and How the West Can Prevail - Volume II: Case Studies
Ross BabbageJuly 24, 2019
Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
https://csbaonline.org/uploads/documents/Winning_Without_Fighting_Annex_Final2.pdf
Political Warfare
74
Influence Operations and the Human Domain
Thomas M. Scanzillo and Edward M. Lopacienski
3-2015Center on Irregular Warfare & Armed Groups
https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=ciwag-case-studies
Influence Operationsx
75
Totalitarian Insurgency: Evaluating the Islamic State’s In-Theater Propaganda OperationsCharlie Winter4-2017Center on Irregular Warfare & Armed Groups
https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=ciwag-case-studies
PropagandaIslamic Statex
76
Russian ‘Active Measures’John SipherJune 2018
Centre for Historical Analysis and Conflict Research
https://chacr.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/20180701_Issue14_CHACR_GAP_Briefing_Russian_Active_Measures.pdf
Active MeasuresRussiax
77
Russia, Religion and Soft PowerEppie Parker June 2020
Centre for Historical Analysis and Conflict Research
https://chacr.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CHACR_Briefing_Russia_Religion_June_2020.pdf
Russiax
78
Infektion’s Evolution: Digital Technologies and Narrative Laundering
Darren Linvill and Patrick Warren
December 2023Clemson University - Media Forensics Hub
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=mfh_reports
DisinformationRussiax
79
Evidence-Based Techniques for Countering Mis-/Dis-/Mal-Information: A Primer
Megan K. McBride, Pamela G. Faber, Kaia Haney, Patricia J. Kannapel, Samuel Plapinger
May 2023CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2024/03/Evidence-Based-Techniques-for-Countering-Mis-Dis-Mal-Information.pdf
Disinformationx
80
Mobilizing Compatriots: Russia’s Strategy, Tactics, and Influence in the Former Soviet Union
Vera Zakem, Paul Saunders, and Daniel Antoun
November 2015CNA
https://www.cna.org/archive/CNA_Files/pdf/dop-2015-u-011689-1rev.pdf
Political WarfareRussiax
81
Mapping Russian Media Network: Media’s Role in Russian Foreign Policy and Decision-making
Vera Zakem, Paul Saunders, Umida Hashimova, and P. Kathleen Hammerberg
January 2018CNA
https://www.cna.org/archive/CNA_Files/pdf/drm-2017-u-015367-3rev.pdf
Russia
82
Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions
Lauren Dickey, Erica Downs, Andrew Taffer, Heidi Holz, Drew Thompson, S. Bilal Hyder, Ryan Loomis, Anthony Miller
December 2019CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2019/12/IRM-2019-U-019755-Final.pdf
China
83
Black and White and Red All Over: China’s Improving Foreign-Directed Media
Elizabeth Bachman, James Bellacqua
August 2020CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/08/DRM-2020-U-027331-1Rev.pdf
China
84
Social Media Bots: Laws, Regulations, and Platform Policies
Kasey Stricklin, Megan K McBride
September 2020CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/10/DIM-2020-U-028193-Final.pdf
Social Media
85
Social Media Bots: Implications for Special Operations Forces
Megan K. McBride, Zack Gold, Kasey Stricklin
September 2020CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/09/DRM-2020-U-028199-Final.pdf
Social Media
86
Telling China’s COVID-19 Story Well: Beijing’s Efforts to Control Information and Shape Public Narratives Regarding the 2020 Global Pandemic
Josiah CaseDecember 2020CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/12/DRM-2020-U-028558-Final.pdf
NarrativeChina
87
The Psychology of (Dis)information: Case Studies and Implications
Megan McBride, Heather Wolters, Kaia Haney, William Rosenau
October 2021CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2021/10/The-Psychology-of-%28Dis%29information-Case-Studies-and-Implications.pdf
Disinformation
88
The Psychology of (Dis)information: A Primer on Key Psychological Mechanisms
Heather Wolters, Kasey Stricklin, Neil Carey, Megan K. McBride
September 2021CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2021/10/The%20Psychology-of-%28Dis%29information-A-Primer-on-Key-Psychological-Mechanisms.pdf
Disinformation
89
China’s Playbook for Shaping the Global Media Environment
Heidi Holz with Anthony Miller
February 2020CNA
https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/02/IRM-2020-U-024710-Final.pdf
China
90
Exploring the Utility of Memes for U.S. Government Influence Campaigns
Vera Zakem, Megan K. McBride, Kate Hammerberg
April 2018CNA
https://www.cna.org/archive/CNA_Files/pdf/drm-2018-u-017433-final.pdf
MemeticsUnited Statesx
91
Propaganda: An Instrument of Foreign Policy
Richard T. Newman
Vol. 5, No. 2, SPRING 1951Columbia Journal of International Affairshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24354541Propagandax
92
History as a propaganda tool in Putin’s Russia
Miguel Vázquez Liñán
Volume 43, Issue 2, June 2010
Communist and Post-Communist Studies
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967067X10000206
PropagandaRussiax
93
Russia’s influence operations in the Czech Republic during the radar debateMichaela DodgeVolume 39, 2020 - Issue 2Comparative Strategy
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2020.1718989
Influence OperationsRussiax
94
Beyond Propaganda: Soviet Active Measures in Putin’s RussiaSteve Abrams15, no. 1 (2016)Connections: The Quarterly Journal
https://connections-qj.org/article/beyond-propaganda-soviet-active-measures-putins-russia
Active MeasuresRussiax
95
Media Matters: How Operation Shujaa Degraded the Islamic State’s Congolese Propaganda Output
CALEB WEISS, RYAN O’FARRELL
MARCH 2024, VOLUME 17, ISSUE 3
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/media-matters-how-operation-shujaa-degraded-the-islamic-states-congolese-propaganda-output/
PropagandaIslamic Statex
96
The Online Frontline: Decoding al-Shabaab’s Social Media StrategyGEORGIA GILROY
JANUARY 2024, VOLUME 17, ISSUE 1
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-online-frontline-decoding-al-shabaabs-social-media-strategy/
Social Mediaal Qaedax
97
The Islamic State Somalia Propaganda Coalition’s Regional Language Push
LUCAS WEBBER, DANIELE GAROFALO
APRIL 2023, VOLUME 16, ISSUE 4
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-islamic-state-somalia-propaganda-coalitions-regional-language-push/
PropagandaIslamic Statex
98
Iran’s COVID-19 Disinformation Campaign
MARK DUBOWITZ, SAEED GHASSEMINEJAD
JUNE 2020, VOLUME 13, ISSUE 6
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/irans-covid-19-disinformation-campaign/
DisinformationIranx
99
Addressing the Enemy: Al-Shabaab’s PSYOPS Media Warfare
CHRISTOPHER ANZALONE
MARCH 2020, VOLUME 13, ISSUE 3
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/addressing-enemy-al-shabaabs-psyops-media-warfare/
PSYOPal Qaedax
100
Selling the Long War: Islamic State Propaganda after the Caliphate
MICHAEL MUNOZ
NOVEMBER 2018, VOLUME 11, ISSUE 10
CTC Sentinel
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/selling-long-war-islamic-state-propaganda-caliphate/
x