ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
1
Threatened/endangered herbNorth American alternative(s)
2
Adonis vernalis (pheasant eye)Digitalis spp (foxglove), Drimia maritima = Urginea maritima (squill)
3
Aspidosperma quebracho (quebracho)Lobelia infalata (lobelia), Asclepias tuberosa (pleurisy root), Asclepias asperula (inmortal)
4
Boswellia spp (frankincense)Populus spp (cottonwood) buds, Pinus spp (pine) resin, Picea spp (spruce) resin, Abies spp (fir) resin, Pseudotsuga mensiezii (Douglas fir) resin
5
Bursera microphylla (elephant tree)Populus spp (cottonwood) buds, Pinus spp (pine) resin, Picea spp (spruce) resin, Abies spp (fir) resin, Pseudotsuga mensiezii (Douglas fir) resin
6
Castela emoryi (crucifixion thorn)Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) weed in N Amer, Quassia amarga (Surinam quassia)
7
Chamaelirium luteum (false unicorn)Nuphar polysepalum (yellow pond lily)
8
Cistanche deserticola (broomrape)Morinda officinalis (Indian mulberry), Psoralea corylifolia (babchi)
9
Commiphora mukul (guggul)Cinnamomum spp (cinnamon)
10
Commiphora myrrha (myrrh)Populus spp (cottonwood) buds, Pinus spp (pine) resin, Picea spp (spruce) resin, Abies spp (fir) resin, Pseudotsuga mensiezii (Douglas fir) resin
11
Cypripedium spp (lady's slipper)Pedicularis spp (lousewort)
12
Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)Artemisia absinthium (wormwood, for Crohn's disease), Annona muricata (soursop, for cancer), Echinacea spp
13
Drosera rotundifolia (sundew)Populus spp (cottonwood) buds, Grindelia spp (gumweed)
14
Fomitopsis officinalis (agarikon)Other cultivated medicinal mushrooms
15
Frangula purshiana (cascara sagrada)Rheum palmatum (rhubarb) uncooked root, Cassia spp (senna)
16
Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian)Arctium lappa (burdock), Artemisia spp (mugwort/wormwood)
17
Guaiacum officinale (lignum vitae)Larrea tridentata (creosote bush)
18
Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw)Salix spp (willow), Populus tremuloides (aspen)
19
Hoodia gordonii (hoodia)none
20
Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal)Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape) + Rubus spp (blackberry)
21
Laricifomes officinalis (agarikon)see Fomitopsis officinalis
22
Lepidium meyenii (maca)Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) US cultivated
23
Ligusticum porteri (oshá)Osmorhiza occidentalis (western sweet cicely), Lomatium dissectum (desert parsley), Ligusticum grayi (Gray's lovage)
24
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (cordyceps)cultivated Cordyceps militaris fruit body (preferred) or mycelium (inferior)
25
Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng)Oplopanax horridum (devil's club), Codonopsis pilosula (dang shen) US cultivated
26
Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng)Oplopanax horridum (devil's club), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) wild simulated
27
Picrasma excelsa (Jamacian quassia)Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) weed in N Amer, Quassia amarga (Surinam quassia)
28
Picrorhiza kurroa (kutki)Silybum marianum (milk thistle), Arctium lappa (burdock)
29
Prunus africanum (pygeum)Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) root
30
Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot)Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot) cultivated, Rauvolfia vomitoria (poison devil's-pepper)
31
Santalum alba (white sandalwood)Santalum alba (white sandalwood) Hawaii cultivated, Santalum spicatum (Australian sandalwood) cultivated
32
Saussurea costus (Indian costus)Inula helenium (elecampane), Inula racemosa (puskaramula), Balsamorhiza deltoidea (deltoid balsamroot), Balsmorhiza sagittata (arrowleaf balsamroot)
33
Tabebuia spp (pau d'arco)Thuja plicata (red cedar), Thuja occidentalis (arbor vitae)
34
Trillium ovatum (eastern trillium)Alchemilla spp (lady's mantle), Trillium ovatum (western trillium) in moderation
35
Ulmus rubra (slippery elm)Althaea officinalis (marshmallow), Zea mays (cornsilk), Elymus repens (couch grass), Aloe vera gel cultivated in US
36
Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw)Oplopanax horridum (devil's club), Chilopsis linearis (desert willow)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100