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1 | Guideline Name | Guideline Description | Outcome Name | Outcome Description | Methods | Functional Categories | User Needs | Critical Errors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Error Notification | Inform users of errors and remedies. | Notifications provided | Provides notification of an error so users know that an error has occurred. | All Cognitive - Language & Communication Cognitive - Mental Health Sensory - Hearing & Auditory Sensory - Vision & Visual | Error message Notification of changed values Error message visually identifiable without text Error message visually identifiable without symbols Error message in consistent interface Visual notification High-contrast error message Error message displays in viewport | Any process that includes error handling and does not provide visual error notification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Notifications describe errors | Provides a clear message describing the error so users understand the cause of the error. | All Speech Cognitive - Attention Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive - Mental Health Cognitive & Sensory Intersections Independence | Error message describes the error | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Instructions provided to remedy errors | Provides instructions in response to an error so users know what steps to take to remedy the error. | All Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive - Mental Health Sensory - Sensory Intersections Sensory - Vision & Visual | Error message includes remedy instructions Error message with remedy instructions displays at source of error Reassuring remedy instructions Programmatically associated error message and source of error | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Timely and targeted guidance | Provides notification when the error occurs and identifies the source of error so users can readily refocus and remedy the error. | All Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive - Mental Health Sensory - Vision & Visual | Error message focused on reload Error message linked to error source Error message persists Error message provided when error occurs Visual error source indicator High-contrast error source indicator | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Error Contingencies | Provide features that help users recover from errors. | Alternative ways provided to complete tasks | Provides multiple ways to complete tasks so users can complete the task another way. | All Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Mental Health Sensory - Hearing & Auditory Sensory - Sensory Intersections Sensory - Vision & Visual | Clear options Multiple validation methods available Options for task completion Suggestions of alternative options Options for validation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Persistent session data and status | Retains and presents session data and status so users can continue where they left off | All Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Sensory - Sensory Intersections Sensory - Vision & Visual | Persistent data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Error Prevention | Provide features that help users avoid errors. | Input instructions provided | Provides instructions for inputs that have requirements (for example, required, format) so users know how to provide valid information. | Instructions for completing tasks (All) Required inputs indicated (All) Instructions available at the source of input (All) | All Speech Cognitive - Attention Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive - Mental Health Cognitive & Sensory Intersections Independence | Instructions at source of input Instructions for completing task Instructions persist Instructive examples Required inputs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Moderated form submission | Guides data entry, provides validation, and moderates form completion so users can avoid data entry errors. | Incomplete or incorrect submission prevented (All) | Form changes incorrect values Form reformats incorrect data formatting Form submission prevented with incomplete data Form submission prevented with incorrect data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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12 | From WCAG3 FPWD | For Reference Only | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Text alternatives | Provide text alternative for non-text content. | Text alternative available | A text alternative for non-text content is available via user agents and assistive technologies, which allows users who are unable to perceive and / or understand the non-text content to determine its meaning. | Text alternative for Image of text (HTML) Functional Images (HTML, PDF, ePub) Decorative images (HTML, PDF, ePub) Informative images (HTML) Author control of text alternatives (ATAG) | Sensory - Vision & Visual Sensory Intersections Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Mental Health Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | Any image of text without an appropriate text alternative needed to complete a process. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Clear words | Use common clear words. | Common clear words | Uses common words to reduce confusion and improve understanding. | Use Clear Words (All) | Speech Cognitive - Attention Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive - Mental Health Cognitive & Sensory Intersections Independence | None. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Captions | Provide captions and associated metadata for audio content. | Translates speech and non-speech audio | Translates speech and non-speech audio into alternative formats (e.g. captions) so media can be understood when sound is unavailable or limited. User agents and APIs support the display and control of captions. | Provides text equivalents of speech and key sound effect (XR) Reflow of captions and other text in context (XR) | Sensory - Hearing & Auditory Sensory Intersections Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | Any video without captioning that is needed to complete a process. For example, an education site with a video that a student will be tested on or a shopping experience of previewing movies. If they do not have captioning (closed or open captioning), they fail. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Conveys information about the sound | Conveys information about the sound in addition to the text of the sound (for example, sound source, duration, and direction) so users know the necessary information about the context of the sound in relation to the environment it is situated in. | Provides visual equivalent of speech and non-speech audio metadata | Sensory - Hearing & Auditory Sensory Intersections Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | None. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Structured content | Use sections, headings, and sub-headings to organize content. | Headings organize content | Organizes content into logical blocks with headings relevant to the subsequent content. This makes locating and navigating information easier and faster. | Relevant headings (All) | Sensory - Vision & Visual Sensory Intersections Physical & Sensory Intersections Cognitive - Attention Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | One or more headings necessary to locate the content needed to complete a process are missing. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Uses visually distinct headings | Uses visually distinct headings so sighted readers can determine the structure. | Visually distinct | Sensory - Vision & Visual Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive - Learning Cognitive - Memory Cognitive - Executive Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | One or more headings necessary to locate the content needed to complete a process are not visually distinct. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Conveys hierarchy with semantic structure | Provides semantic structure that conveys the hierarchy to help explore and navigate the content. | Semantic headings (HTML) | Sensory - Vision & Visual Sensory Intersections Physical & Sensory Intersections Cognitive - Language & Literacy Cognitive & Sensory Intersections | One or more headings necessary to locate the content needed to complete a process are not coded as headings. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Visual contrast of text | Provide sufficient contrast between foreground text and its background. | Luminance contrast between background and text | Provides adequate luminance contrast between background and text colors to make the text easy to read. | Select font characteristics and background colors to provide enough contrast for readability (HTML) | Sensory - Vision & Visual | None. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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