E-commerce Ethics and Its Impact on Buyer Repurchase Intentions and Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Small and Medium Egyptian Businesses
電子商務道德及其對買家回購意願和忠誠度的影響：埃及中小型企業的實證研究
This passage discusses a research paper focused on e-commerce ethics, particularly in the context of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) engaging in Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce. The key points in this passage can be summarized as follows:
1.Research Focus: The paper aims to address the relative lack of attention given to e-commerce ethics, specifically in the SMEs B2B e-commerce sector.
2.Purpose: The primary purpose of the paper is to develop a framework and empirically test it. This framework seeks to explain how SMEs' B2B e-commerce ethics impact buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty.
3.Methodology: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data collected from a sample of SME e-commerce firms in Egypt.
4.Findings: The results of the analysis suggest the following:
-Buyers' perceptions of supplier ethics consist of six dimensions (security, non-deception, fulfillment/reliability, service recovery, shared value, and communication).
-These dimensions strongly predict online buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty.
-Reliability/fulfillment and non-deception are the most effective dimensions for building relationships with buyers.
-Relationship quality has a positive effect on buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty.
Dependent Variable:
The dependent variables in this study are "buyer repurchase intentions" and "loyalty." These variables are what the researchers are trying to explain and understand in the context of SMEs' B2B e-commerce ethics.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables in this study are the six dimensions of "buyers' perceptions of supplier ethics" (security, non-deception, fulfillment/reliability, service recovery, shared value, and communication) and "relationship quality." These independent variables are used to predict and explain variations in buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty.
In summary, the research paper focuses on examining the impact of SMEs' B2B e-commerce ethics on buyer repurchase intentions and loyalty. It uses a framework with several dimensions of ethics and relationship quality as independent variables to analyze their effects on the dependent variables of repurchase intentions and loyalty in the context of e-commerce.

The combined effect of product returns experience and switching costs on B2B customer re-purchase intent
產品退貨體驗與轉換成本對 B2B 顧客重購意願的綜合影響
This study explores business-to-business (B2B) repeated purchase intent and its connections to customer value and customer satisfaction. It also investigates how willingness to purchase again is related to switching costs and product returns management. The study recognizes that modern customers are more inclined to switch suppliers, but previous research suggests that a positive returns management experience can mitigate this behavior. The primary objectives are to develop a revised model of B2B repeated purchase intent that incorporates the concepts of product returns management and switching costs into existing B2B customer repurchase intent models.
Dependent Variables:
In this study, the dependent variable is "B2B repeated purchase intent." Researchers are interested in understanding what factors influence whether businesses intend to make repeat purchases from their suppliers.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables in this study include "customer value," "customer satisfaction," "willingness to purchase again," "switching costs," and "product returns management." These variables are examined to determine their relationships with B2B repeated purchase intent and with each other. Specifically:
-Customer value and customer satisfaction are explored to understand their effects on repeated purchase intent.
-Willingness to purchase again is studied in relation to switching costs and product returns management.
-The relationship between customer satisfaction and the impact of product returns management on repurchase intent is investigated, particularly in situations with high and low customer satisfaction levels.
In summary, this research introduces the concept of product returns management to the study of B2B repurchase intent and examines its relationships with various factors, including customer value, customer satisfaction, willingness to purchase again, and switching costs in the context of B2B relationships in the audiology industry.

Securing business-to-business relationships: The impact of switching costs
確保企業對企業關係：轉換成本的影響
This research investigates the relevance of switching costs in business-to-business (B2B) markets and their impact on the behavioral outcomes of buyer-seller relationships. The study aims to contribute to theory development in this area by exploring the dimensions of switching costs in the B2B domain and assessing their relative influence on actual purchase behavior by business customers.
Dependent Variables:
The dependent variables in this study are various behavioral outcomes of buyer-seller relationships in B2B markets. These outcomes include:
1.Share-of-wallet: The proportion of a customer's total business that is conducted with a specific seller.
2.Cross-buying behavior: The extent to which a customer purchases a variety of products or services from the same seller.
3.Actual switching behavior: The decision of a customer to switch from one seller to another in a B2B context.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables of interest in this study are the dimensions of switching costs in B2B markets. These dimensions are:
1.Procedural switching costs: These are the costs associated with the process of changing from one seller to another in terms of time, effort, and complexity.
2.Financial switching costs: These are the financial implications or costs incurred when switching from one seller to another.
3.Relational switching costs: These are the costs associated with the interpersonal and relationship aspects of switching, such as the potential disruption to existing relationships and trust.
●The study finds that switching costs in B2B settings are multifaceted, encompassing procedural, financial, and relational dimensions. Furthermore, it concludes that relational switching costs are the most critical for securing B2B buyer-seller relationships because they influence share-of-wallet, cross-buying behavior, and actual switching behavior. Procedural switching costs only affect share-of-wallet, and financial switching costs impact only cross-buying behavior.
●In summary, this research explores the dimensions of switching costs in B2B markets and their impact on various behavioral outcomes in buyer-seller relationships. It identifies that relational switching costs are particularly significant in securing and maintaining B2B buyer-seller relationships, shedding light on strategies for relationship management in industrial markets.

Escuela Univ Jovellanos

Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: An illustration from a business-to-business service context
顧客價值、滿意度、忠誠度與轉換成本：企業對企業服務環境的說明
This abstract discusses a research study that explores the interrelationships among customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs in a business-to-business (B2B) service setting. Here is a summary of the key points:
1.Research Focus: The study focuses on understanding the relationships among customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs, which are important factors in the B2B service context.
2.Conceptual Framework: The authors develop a conceptual framework that connects these constructs within the context of B2B services. They base their framework on the cognition-affect-behavior model.
3.Hypotheses: The authors propose several hypotheses:
-Customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between customer value and customer loyalty.
-Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have significant reciprocal effects on each other.
-They also explore the potential interaction effect of satisfaction and switching costs and the quadratic effect of satisfaction on loyalty.
4.Data Collection: The authors test these hypotheses using data collected from a B2B courier service provider.
5.Results: The study's results support most of the hypotheses, particularly confirming the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the relationship between customer value and customer loyalty.
Dependent Variables:
In this study, the dependent variables are "customer loyalty" and "customer satisfaction." These are the variables that the researchers are trying to understand and explain in the context of B2B service settings.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables in this study include "customer value" and "switching costs." These variables are used to explore their relationships with customer satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, the study examines the potential interaction effect of satisfaction and switching costs and the quadratic effect of satisfaction on loyalty.
In summary, this research aims to uncover the relationships among customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs in the B2B service context. It uses a conceptual framework and hypotheses to analyze these relationships, with a particular focus on the mediating role of customer satisfaction.

Relational bonding strategies, customer satisfaction, and loyalty in the container shipping market
貨櫃運輸市場的關係連結策略、顧客滿意度與忠誠度
This abstract discusses a research paper that explores the challenges faced by container lines in a competitive market and aims to understand how relational bonding strategies impact customer satisfaction and loyalty in the container shipping industry. Here is a summary of the key points:
1.Research Focus: The primary focus of this research is on the container shipping industry, which has been dealing with challenges like overcapacity and low profitability. To thrive in this competitive environment, container lines need to build and maintain long-term customer relationships.
2.Objective: The paper adopts a social exchange theory (SET) approach to investigate the influence of relational bonding strategies on customer satisfaction and loyalty.
3.Theoretical Model: Drawing on SET, the paper proposes a theoretical model that outlines the relationships between relational bonding strategies, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty.
4.Methodology: The researchers collected survey data from 175 freight forwarders in the container shipping industry. They employed structural equation modeling to analyze the data.
5.Findings: The study's results reveal the following:
-Financial bonding strategies have the most significant direct effects on customer satisfaction.
-Social bonding strategies have the strongest direct impact on customer loyalty.
-Financial bonding strategies, overall, have the strongest total effects on customer loyalty.
-Intermodal and basic operations have equal total effects on customer loyalty.
Dependent Variables:
In this study, the dependent variables are "customer satisfaction" and "customer loyalty." These variables are what the researchers are trying to understand and explain in the context of the container shipping industry.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables are the "relational bonding strategies," including financial bonding strategies and social bonding strategies. These strategies are examined to determine their influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the container shipping industry.
In summary, this research paper investigates how relational bonding strategies impact customer satisfaction and loyalty in the container shipping industry. It identifies the most effective strategies and offers insights that can help container lines allocate resources and implement effective relational marketing policies to satisfy and retain their customers.

"What's it really worth?" A meta-analysis of customer-perceived relationship value in B2B markets
“它到底值多少錢？” B2B 市場中顧客感知關係價值的統合分析
This abstract discusses a meta-analytical study focused on customer-perceived relationship value (CPRV) in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Here is a summary of the key points:
1.Research Focus: The study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of research conducted over the past two decades on CPRV in B2B markets.
2.Objective: The primary objectives are to create a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of CPRV research and to position CPRV within its broader theoretical context, including its relationships with various related constructs.
3.Nomological Network: The study explores the connections between CPRV and several related constructs, including relationship benefits and sacrifices, offer quality, trust, switching costs, satisfaction, commitment, loyalty, and the salience of alternatives.
4.Methodology: The study conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify suitable primary studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The inclusion criteria ensured that only relevant B2B samples were considered. Meta-analytical random and mixed-effects models were applied to a substantial dataset comprising 83 independent data sets from 94 primary publications, with a total of 22,305 observations.
5.Findings: The study's findings reveal the strength and direction of the relationships between CPRV and the various constructs. Most of these constructs are strongly related to CPRV in the expected direction, except for switching costs and the salience of alternatives, which exhibit a moderate relationship. Relationship sacrifices, on the other hand, do not show a significant association with CPRV. Additionally, the study identifies certain boundary conditions that moderate these relationships, such as firm type, key informant role, supplier offering type, and measurement approach.
Dependent Variable:
In this study, the dependent variable is "customer-perceived relationship value" (CPRV). Researchers are interested in understanding how CPRV is influenced by various factors and its relationships with other constructs.
Independent Variables:
The independent variables in this study encompass a range of related constructs, including relationship benefits and sacrifices, offer quality, trust, switching costs, satisfaction, commitment, loyalty, and the salience of alternatives. These variables are examined to understand their connections with CPRV.
In summary, this meta-analytical study focuses on CPRV in B2B markets and assesses its relationships with several related constructs. It also identifies boundary conditions that moderate these relationships, offering valuable insights into the field of B2B marketing.

Value and risk in business-to-business e-banking
企業對企業電子銀行的價值與風險
This paper investigates the role of risk in shaping perceptions of value in the business-to-business (B2B) domain, specifically within the context of e-banking. The study explores the relationships between three types of risk (performance, financial, and psychological) and the components of value (benefits and sacrifices) within a broader framework that includes e-service quality as an antecedent of value, and satisfaction, word-of-mouth, and intention to switch as outcomes of value.
Dependent Variables:
1.Benefits and Sacrifices Components of Value: These are the primary dependent variables in the study. The research seeks to understand how the three types of risk (performance, financial, and psychological) influence these components of value in the context of B2B e-banking.
2.Satisfaction, Word-of-Mouth, and Intention to Switch: These variables are also dependent variables. The study aims to determine how the components of value (benefits and sacrifices) impact satisfaction, word-of-mouth behavior, and the intention to switch e-banking providers.
Independent Variables:
1.Three Types of Risk (Performance, Financial, and Psychological): These are the independent variables of interest. The paper examines the relationships between these types of risk and the components of value (benefits and sacrifices).
2.E-Service Quality: E-service quality is considered an antecedent of value. The study explores how the quality of e-service influences the perception of value in the B2B e-banking context.
●The research uses Partial Least Squares to analyze data collected from a postal survey of 167 UK-based SME organizations. The results indicate that different types of risk have a significant but varying impact on the components of value. Performance and financial risks are found to be significant determinants of benefits, while psychological risk influences perceptions of sacrifices. The study also identifies the relationships between these value components and their impact on satisfaction, word-of-mouth, and intention to switch.
●In summary, this research investigates the role of risk in shaping perceptions of value in B2B e-banking. It explores the relationships between different types of risk and the components of value and their subsequent effects on satisfaction, word-of-mouth, and intention to switch among UK-based SME organizations.

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