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ArtículoAño de publicaciónLink
Autores/as afilados a la Universidad de Chile presentes en la autoría del artículo
RevistaResumenPalabras ClaveMetodologíaTipo de equipoEnfoqueTema
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Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) strategy evaluation from the community and local rehabilitation centers’ perspective2015https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63n3sup.49333 Cottet, PabloRevista de la Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaLa Rehabilitación Basada en Comunidad, en el caso de Chile, destaca por ser una política pública, de carácter estatal y asumida directamente por instancias gubernamentales, tales como el Ministerio de Salud de Chile-MINSAL y el Sistema Nacional de Discapacitados-SENADIS. De esta forma, la evaluación de la estrategia de RBC en Chile es necesaria desde el punto de vista programático por su impacto nacional o regional. Por lo anterior, y considerando que la estrategia de RBC en Chile comenzó a implementarse de forma vinculada a los centros de atención primaria desde el año 2008 sin haber sido evaluada aún al inicio del presente estudio (enero de 2011), a través de esta investigación se buscó evaluar, desde la perspectiva de la comunidad y los equipos locales de rehabilitación que implementan actualmente esta estrategia, los distintos niveles de intervención expresados principalmente a través de los componentes de intervención comunitaria y de gestión.Servicios de salud comunitaria, Rehabilitación, Personas con discapacidad, Evaluación de programas y proyectos de salud, Participación comunitariaCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoDiscapacidad2
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Development of an intervention to reduce self-stigma in outpatient mental health service users in Chile2015https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27107279/Schilling, SaraRevista de la Facultad de Ciencia - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaLatin America is characterized by a high prevalence of public stigma toward those with mental illness, and significant selfstigma among labeled individuals, leading to social exclusion, low treatment adherence, and diminished quality of life. However, there is no published evidence of an intervention designed to address stigma in the region. In light of this, a psychosocial intervention to reduce self-stigma among users with severe mental illness was developed and tested through an RCT in two regions of Chile.- MixtaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud
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Evaluation of Social Programmes: a Multicriteria Approach2015https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301323565_Evaluation_of_Social_Programmes_a_Multicriteria_ApproachArancibia, SaraRevista del CLAD Reforma y DemocraciaEl propósito de este trabajo es exponer una propuesta metodológica para
medir el logro de programas y proyectos sociales, apoyar su gestión y
evaluar sus resultados. Para ello, se integró el marco lógico con la
metodología multicriterio “Proceso Analítico Jerárquico” y luego se aplicó
a un programa social de prestigio denominado “Programa Servicio País”
en Chile. Los resultados muestran la utilidad de desarrollar un modelo
integrado que permite obtener un indicador que sintetiza el logro del
programa, así como el logro y peso de cada componente del marco lógico.
Se propone el diseño de una metodología válida que apoye a los tomadores
de decisión en el proceso de focalización de los recursos en la etapa de
implementación de un proyecto social. Esta herramienta ofrece una serie
de ventajas, entre ellas, la obtención de prioridades en los componentes y
la identificación de fortalezas y debilidades en la evaluación de resultados
de un programa social. Finalmente, esta investigación pone de manifiesto
la escasez relativa de técnicas cuantitativas para evaluar los resultados
de un programa social mediante un índice de logro por cada dimensión
considerada. La metodología propuesta motivará a los tomadores de
decisión a desarrollar nuevas mediciones útiles para el análisis de
los logros. Futuras investigaciones pueden aplicar esta herramienta,
de carácter cuantitativo, para establecer soluciones frente a diversas
problemáticas sociales, con distintas muestras y en diferentes contextos.		Evaluación de Programas; Modelos de Evaluación;
Evaluación de Resultados; Programas Sociales; Propuesta		MulticriterioMultidisciplinarioPúblicoProgramas Sociales
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Pre-service elementary school teachers' expectations about student performance: How their beliefs are affected by their mathematics anxiety and student's gender2015https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0742051X15000785Mizala, AlejandraJournal of Research and Studies We examine whether the expectations of pre-service elementary school teachers about students' achievement, and their beliefs regarding student need for academic support, are influenced by future teachers' mathematics anxiety or by student gender and socioeconomic status. We found that mathematics anxiety can negatively influence pre-service teachers' expectations about students, and that future mathematics teachers' expectations of mathematics achievement are lower for girls than for boys. These effects are independent, as we did not find significant interaction effects between pre-service teacher's mathematics anxiety and student gender. Our results also suggest that mathematics anxiety could affect the capacity of pre-service teachers to develop inclusive learning environments in their classrooms.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalEducación1
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Smart food policies for obesity prevention2015http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61745-1Kain, Juliana-Prevention of obesity requires policies that work. In this Series paper, we propose a new way to understand how food policies could be made to work more effectively for obesity prevention. Our approach draws on evidence from a range of disciplines (psychology, economics, and public health nutrition) to develop a theory of change to understand how food policies work. We focus on one of the key determinants of obesity: diet. The evidence we review suggests that the interaction between human food preferences and the environment in which those preferences are learned, expressed, and reassessed has a central role. We identify four mechanisms through which food policies can affect diet: providing an enabling environment for learning of healthy preferences, overcoming barriers to the expression of healthy preferences, encouraging people to reassess existing unhealthy preferences at the point-of-purchase, and stimulating a food-systems response. We explore how actions in three specific policy areas (school settings, economic instruments, and nutrition labelling) work through these mechanisms, and draw implications for more effective policy design. We find that effective food-policy actions are those that lead to positive changes to food, social, and information environments and the systems that underpin them. Effective food-policy actions are tailored to the preference, behavioural, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics of the people they seek to support, are designed to work through the mechanisms through which they have greatest effect, and are implemented as part of a combination of mutually reinforcing actions. Moving forward, priorities should include comprehensive policy actions that create an enabling environment for infants and children to learn healthy food preferences and targeted actions that enable disadvantaged populations to overcome barriers to meeting healthy preferences. Policy assessments should be carefully designed on the basis of a theory of change, using indicators of progress along the various pathways towards the long-term goal of reducing obesity rates.CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud2
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The impact of government support programs for the development of businesses in Chile2015http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2014-0428Cancino, ChristianManagement Decision
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact on businesses in Chile of the Seed
Capital Program (SCP) implemented by Chile’s Technical Cooperation Services		Entrepreneurship, Economic development, Small- to medium-sized EnterprisesCuantitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalDesarrollo Empresarial
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Fiscal decentralization in specific areas of government: an empirical evaluation using country panel data2015
http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c13111r
Letelier Saavedra, LeonardoVACCINEWhile there is an extensive list of publications to explain fiscal decentralization across countries and over time, with this being defined as the share of all subnational government expenditure compared with that of the general government, a vacuum still exists when it comes to a similar analysis for the separate functions of the state. This research addresses that challenge by estimating an empirical model that explains the fiscal decentralization of six specific public goods. Since the data available from the International Monetary Fund, as well as from other sources, are incomplete, an imputation procedure is conducted in order to produce a balanced panel of forty-four countries. As opposed to studies based on subnational expenditure as a whole, our results suggest that, generally, fiscal decentralization does not exhibit the same pattern across specific government functions. This entails important policy lessons, as it suggests that fiscal decentralization should not be seen as an all-across-the-board strategy to modernize the state.median voter; government expenditure; fiscal federalism; decentralizationCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoDescentralización1
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Means-Tested School Vouchers and Educational Achievement: Evidence from Chile’s Universal Voucher System2017https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002716217732033Mizala, Alejandra-Chile features a universal school choice system, in which a government voucher provides families an opportunity to send students to public or private schools of their choosing. Since its implementation in 1981, the amount of the voucher was flat without adjustments for family income, creating incentives for schools to enroll students from economically advantaged families. In 2008, a policy change adjusted voucher values by the poverty level of students and the proportion of poor students attending each school. We evaluate the effect of this policy on primary school students’ standardized test scores, using time-distributed fixed effects models. We find a positive and significant effect of the means-tested voucher policy on Math and Language achievement. The effect is much larger among private-voucher schools serving poor children, and it increased over the years after the policy change, suggesting that schools require some time to realize the benefits of the policy. Our findings show that moving from a flat to a means-tested voucher improves achievement and equality.-MixtaMultidisciplinarioTransversalEducación
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Prevention of childhood obesity and food policies in Latin America: from research to practice2017http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12574Corvalan, CamilaWorld ObesityAddressing childhood obesity in Latin America requires a package of multisectoral, evidence-based policies that enable environments conducive to healthy lifestyles.-MixtaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud
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Research on Climate Change Policies and Rural Development in Latin America: Scope and Gaps2017http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9101831Aldunce, PaulinaSustainability Research on climate change policies can contribute to policy development by building an understanding of the barriers faced in policy processes, and by providing knowledge needed throughout policy cycles. This paper explores the thematic coverage of research on climate change policies related to rural areas, rural development, and natural resource management in Latin America. A three-tier framework is proposed to analyse the selected literature. The results show that research studies have focussed on the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from forests, and adaptations to climate change in agriculture. There is little policy research on other vulnerable sectors (e.g., water and health) and emitting sectors (e.g., energy and industry) in the context of rural development. Our analysis highlights the various research gaps that deserve increased scientific attention, including: cross-sector approaches, multi-level governance, and the stages of policy adoption, implementation and evaluation. In addition, the selected literature has a limited contribution to theoretical discussions in policy sciences.policy research; adaptation; mitigation; natural resources; forest; agricultureCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoMedio Ambiente2
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La evaluación no monetaria de los servicios ecosistémicos: perspectivas para la gestión sostenible del territorio2017https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/3903Cerdá, ClaudiaLuna Azul de la Universidad de CaldasLos servicios ecosistémicos (SE) se definen como “la contribución directa o indirecta de los ecosistemas al bienestar humano”. El enfoque de SE para apoyar la gestión del territorio ha sido uno de los más influyentes en las corrientes científicas y políticas en el último tiempo, y en países latinoamericanos como Chile se aprecia un interés creciente en este tema. La conexión de los ecosistemas con el bienestar de las personas permite explorar las visiones, valores, preferencias o creencias de los usuarios de los SE. Sin embargo, estos aspectos son comúnmente ignorados en las esferas políticas y en la gestión territorial chilena, dada la complejidad metodológica de abordarlos por el carácter de intangibilidad que presentan. En este artículo argumentamos sobre la necesidad de incorporar en la evaluación de los SE las dimensiones intangibles de valor y ordenamos las herramientas metodológicas que existen para ello, con el propósito de apoyar las evaluaciones de SE de gestión territorial. El estudio reporta los hallazgos de una investigación teórica donde se analizó sistemáticamente el paradigma de SE, su implicación en esferas políticas y científicas para posteriormente enfocar el análisis en la necesidad de incorporar dimensiones de valor no monetarias en la evaluación de SE, lo cual puede ser particularmente relevante en países latinoamericanos. Entre las estrategias metodológicas que permiten capturar estas dimensiones destacan técnicas participativas como grupos focales, representaciones espaciales participativas y técnicas deliberativas.Servicios ecosistémicos, gestión del territorio, técnicas no monetarias, bienestar humano.CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalServcios Ecosistémicos1
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Development programs for female farmers: identifying clusters for the case of Chile's Education and training program for rural women2018http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/refca/v50n1/v50n1a10.pdfBoza, SofíaRev. FCA UNCUYOEste artículo tiene como propósito contribuir a la evaluación de las políticas de
desarrollo dirigidas a mujeres campesinas, considerando en este sentido las actitudes
de sus propias beneficiarias. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta en la Región Metropolitana
de Santiago, Chile, a una muestra representativa de participantes del programa
"Formación y Capacitación para mujeres campesinas" del Instituto Nacional de
Desarrollo Agropecuario. El cuestionario utilizado se dividió en las siguientes secciones:
i) características personales de las productoras y de sus unidades familiares; ii) rasgos
técnicos, productivos y comerciales; iii) ingreso predial y familiar; y iv) visión respecto
de ellas mismas; así como actitudes frente al programa. La información levantada se
procesó mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes, como componentes principales y análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una valoración
positiva del programa a nivel agregado, sin embargo con diferencias significativas entre
las encuestadas, permitiendo identificar tres grupos: "participantes reticentes" (42,3%),
"participantes asociativas" (20,5%) y "participantes empoderadas" (37,2%). Las
agricultoras en cada grupo divergen no solo en sus actitudes respecto del programa, sino
también en su nivel educacional, ingreso, rentabilidad de sus negocios y relación entre
los roles productivo y doméstico. Se concluye que las características y circunstancias
individuales impactan en la percepción que las beneficiarias tienen sobre los programas,
lo que debe ser considerado en su diseño y ejecución.
mujeres campesinas • políticas públicas • desarrollo rural • actitudes • clústeres • ChileCuantitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalDesarrollo Social
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Using Information and Communication Technologies to Prevent Suicide Among Secondary School Students in Two Regions of Chile: A Randomized Controlled Trial2018http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00236Schilling, SaraClinical Study ProtocolThere is an increasing concern for addressing suicide among adolescents in Latin America. Recent mental health policies encourage the development and implementation of preventive interventions for suicide. Such initiatives, however, have been scarcely developed, even in countries with solid mental health services such as Chile. The use of information and communications technology (ICT) might contribute to create accessible, engaging, and innovative platforms to promote well-being and support for adolescents with mental health needs and suicide risk.-Ex postMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud
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Integrated mapping of local mental health systems in Central Chile2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.144
Minoletti, AlbertoREVISTA CS EN CIENCIAS SOCIALESObjective. To describe the availability of local mental health (MH) services in small MH catchment areas in Central Chile, using a bottom-up approach. Methods. MH services of 19 small MH catchment areas in five health districts of Central Chile that provide health care to more than 4 million inhabitants were assessed using DESDE-LTC (Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories in Europe for Long-Term Care), a tool for standardized description and classification of LTC health services, in a study conducted in 2012 (DESDE-Chile) designed to complement other studies conducted in 2004 and 2012 at the national and regional level using the World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). Key informants from national, regional, and local health authorities were contacted to compile a comprehensive list of MH services or facilities (health, social services, education, employment, and housing). The analysis of local care provision covered three criteria-service availability, placement capacity, and workforce capacity. Results. The study detected disparities in all three criteria (availability and placement and workforce capacity) across the five health districts, between urban and rural areas, and between neighboring urban areas. Analysis of service availability revealed differences in the weight of residential services versus day and outpatient care. The Talcahuano area could be considered a benchmark of MH care in Central Chile, based on its service provision patterns, and the criteria of the community care model. The list of MH services identified in this study differed from the one generated in the 2012 WHO-AIMS study. Conclusions. This survey of local MH service provision in small catchment areas using the DESDE-LTC tool provided MH service provision data that complemented information collected in other studies conducted at the national/regional level using the WHO-AIMS tool. The bottom-up approach applied in this study would also be useful for the assessment of equity and accessibility and local planning.Mental health; health services research; evidence-informed policy; health systems; ChileCuantitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud
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Application of fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis to public participation projects in support of the EU water framework directive2018
https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150265
Merigó, JoséWater Environment Research-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTercer sectorParticipación Ciudadana2
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GENEALOGY OF QUIERO MI BARRIO, THE FIRST CHILEAN NEIGHBORHOOD REVITALIZATION PROGRAM DURING ITS INITIAL PERIOD OF OPERATION 2006-20102019http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582019000200009Ulriksen, ConstanzaRevista INVIAlthough there has been a number of studies on the first Chilean neighborhood revitalization program known as “Quiero mi Barrio”, their focus has centered on the exploration of impact evaluations, satisfaction surveys, institutional level analysis and citizen participation, amongst others. In other words, these studies regard this program as a rationally based action or technical instrument, an organized set of principles, objectives, concrete measures and coordinated actions. However, there is no research on the conception and formulation of this initiative, which suggests the need to analyze it as a non-rational process of collective action. Based on diverse approaches from the sociology of public action, the genealogical method developed by Foucault, the cognitive and mobility approaches to public policies and the analysis of 26 interviews with key informants and around 100 institutional documents and press releases, this paper examines three program constitutive events -its political process of development, the “social integration” term conceptualizations and the adoption of the neighborhood contract model- which demonstrate that its formulation is not based on rational planning but on a collective-based action process influenced by interests, values and representations where power and the diversity of approaches to an initial idea are fundamental to understand the nature of this initiative.genealogy; urban public action; Quiero mi Barrio program; neighborhood revitalization; ChileMixtaDisciplinarioPúblicoUrbanismo
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Chile's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (CAVEI): Evidence-based recommendations for public policy decision-making on vaccines and immunization2019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.069
Dabanch, Jeannette; Diaz, EduardoINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGYA National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) provides independent, evidence-based recommendations to the Ministry of Health for immunization programmes and policy formulation. In this article, we describe the structure, functioning and work processes of Chile's NITAG (CAVEI) and assess its functionality, quality of work processes and outputs, and integration of the committee into the Ministry of Health policy process using the Assessment tool for National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups. Among its strengths, CAVEI's administrative and work plasticity allows it to respond in a timely manner to the Ministry of Health's requests and proactively raise subjects for review. Representation of multiple areas of expertise within the committee makes CAVEI a robust and balanced entity for the development of evidence-based comprehensive recommendations. High ranking profile of the Secretariat structure furthers CAVEI's competences in policymaking and serves as a bridge between the committee and international initiatives in the field of immunizations. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.National Immunization Technical Advisory; Group; Evidence-based recommendations; Immunization decision-making; Immunization policy; ChileCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud1
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Why would would new protected areas be accepted or rejected by the public?: Lessons from an ex-ante evaluation of the new Patagonia Park Network in Chile2019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104248
Diaz, MarionCHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALSSocial support is one of the key factors that determines the success of protected areas. An ex-ante evaluation of the social support regarding the establishment process of protected areas could facilitate a more effective formation and hence improved management of such areas. Public backing for new parks could depend on several factors, including relationships with already established protected areas, changes in land ownership, changes in management actions, and potential impacts on the territory. We evaluated the support of local indigenous and non-indigenous communities for the creation of the new Patagonia Parks Network. This involves the donation of land by the Tompkins Conservation to the Chilean State, the second of which is committed to creating, expanding or reclassifying protected areas. We analyzed the renaming and reclassifying of the Alacalufes National Reserve to the Kawesqar National Park. We estimated local peoples' perceived costs and benefits and their support of (i) the donation process, (ii) the reclassification from reserve to park, and (iii) potential changes within the territory associated with new protected areas. The balance between the costs and benefits that people perceived of already established protected areas influenced their support for new ones. Although there is general social acceptation of the donation process and the establishment of parks among local people, indigenous communities may reject parks if their land-use requests for the park, including terrestrial and marine areas, are not included within the park's management plans. Partial rejection by Kawesqar representatives may inhibit the success of parks. Our ex-ante evaluation provides empirical evidence about underlying social factors related to the successful establishment of protected areas.Ex-ante evaluation; Protected areas; Perception; Attitudes; Kawesciar; Patagonia; ChileCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoMedio Ambiente2
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Expanding Coverage of Oncology Drugs in an Aging, Upper-Middle-Income Country: Analyses of Public and Private Expenditures in Chile2019
https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO.19.00223
Castillo-Riquelme, Marianela Journal of global oncologyThe population of Chile has aged, and in 2017, cancer became the leading cause of death. Since 2005, a national health program has expanded coverage of drugs for 13 types of cancer and related palliative care. We describe the trends in public and private oncology drug expenditures in Chile and consider how increasing expenditures might be addressed. METHODS: We analyzed total quarterly drug expenditures for 131 oncology drugs from quarter (Q)3 2012 until Q1 2017, including public and private insurance payments and patient out-of-pocket spending. The data were analyzed by drug-mix, sources of funding, growth, and intellectual property status. The Laspeyres Price Index was used to analyze expenditure growth. RESULTS: We found 131 oncology drugs associated with 87,129 observations. Spending on drugs rose 120% from the first period, spanning from the first 3 quarters (Q3, Q4, Q1 2012-2013) to the last period (Q3, Q4, Q1 2016-2017), corresponding to an annualized rate of 19.2% and totaling US$398 million (in 2017 dollars). The public sector accounted for 84.2% of spending, which included 50 drugs in the official treatment protocols, whereas private insurance accounted for 7.3% in on-protocol drugs. The remaining 8.5% was paid out of pocket. In the public sector, more than 90% of growth resulted from increased use. Seven drugs, including 3 with nonexpired patents, accounted for 50% of total expenditures. CONCLUSION: Increased use and access enabled by expanded public expenditures drove most of the growth in oncology drug expenditures. However, the rate of public expenditure growth may be fiscally unsustainable. Policies are urgently needed to promote the use of generic drugs, the appropriate mix of on-protocol versus off-protocol drugs, and the curbing of off-label prescribing.-MixtaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud
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Interventions to reduce the impact of dual practice in the public health sector2019
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31348767/
González, Cristián; Cuadrado, Cristóbal MedwaveDual practice (i.e. workers who work in the public and private sector) has an impact on health services in terms of quality and costs. However, the effectiveness of regulatory policies has not been proven. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews that included 23 primary studies overall, of which all correspond to observational studies. We concluded it is not clear whether the interventions to reduce the negative consequences of dual practice in the health system are effective because the certainty of the available evidence is very low.Epistemonikos; GRADE; public policies; dual practice.CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud2
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An evaluation of Chile's Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study2020http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015Reyes, MarcelaPlos MedicineChile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising, implemented in 2016, was the first national regulation to jointly mandate front-of-package warning labels, restrict child-directed marketing, and ban sales in schools of all foods and beverages containing added sugars, sodium, or saturated fats that exceed set nutrient or calorie thresholds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of this package of policies on household beverage purchases.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud2
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Transit reforms in intermediate cities of Colombia: An ex-post evaluation2020http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.11.014Gómez, AndrésPracticeWe use monthly data on transit supply and ridership to evaluate the impact of BRT type reforms in intermediate cities in Colombia. We find that these reforms are associated with a decrease in aggregate transit ridership. This is particularly troubling since it points to a reduction in the attractiveness of public transport for users and a substitution to other potentially more unsustainable modes, such as private vehicles or informal taxi services. We also show that reform reduced fleet size and commercial kilometers supplied and we conjecture that this, together with additional transfers required in the new systems, raised the generalized cost of transport for transit services. We present circumstantial evidence that this conjecture is correct and argue that this was probably the case in other Latin American experiences, such as Santiago, Lima and Bogota (SITP).-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoTransporte1
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Correcting for endogeneity due to omitted crowding in public transport choice using the Multiple Indicator Solution (MIS) method2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.10.030
Guevara, AngeloLAND USE POLICYCrowding levels are very relevant for the analysis and evaluation of the performance of public transport as they strongly affect the level of service and the overall perceived quality of the system. However, crowding is not an easy variable to measure and, hence, demand models often tend to ignore or use abstract proxies for it. In this paper, we assess the Multiple Indicator Solution (MIS) method in a Stated Preference (SP) experiment where crowding conditions were displayed to the respondent but are artificially omitted in the estimation of a curtailed model to cause endogeneity. Results provide evidence that the MIS method can be used to control for a wide range of omitted attributes in SP data. We also discuss the potential application of this approach to Revealed Preferences (RP) models of public transport by asking suitable post-trip questions to users. Two MIS variations were applied to this SP case study and both provided outcomes that were superior to those of the curtailed model. We enrich the analysis with the aid of Monte Carlo simulation. Results suggest that potential problems may arise in the presence of neglected interactions and if indicators are only weakly correlated with the omitted attribute. For the SP case study analysed, only the former issue seems to play a role in the results. The article finishes by discussing the implications of these findings for the correction of endogeneity on SP and RP data on public transport and suggesting future lines of research in this area.Stated Preference (SP); Stated Choice (SC); Crowding; Comfort; Security; ProxyExperimentalMultidisciplinarioPúblicoTransporte
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Understanding the factors influencing the implementation of participatory interventions to improve care coordination. An analytical framework based on an evaluation in Latin America2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa066
Eguiguren, PamelaREVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE EDUCACION PARA LA JUSTICIA SOCIALHealthcare coordination is considered key to improving care quality. Although participatory action research (PAR) has been used effectively to bridge the gap between evidence and practice in other areas, little is known about the key success factors of its use in healthcare organizations. This article analyses the factors influencing the implementation of PAR interventions to improve clinical coordination from the perspective of actors in public healthcare networks of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. A qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study was conducted in each country's healthcare network. Focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted to a criterion sample of: local steering committee (LSC) (29), professional platform (PP) (28), health professionals (49) and managers (28). Thematic content analysis was conducted, segmented by country and themes. The PAR process led by the LSC covered the return of baseline results, selection of problems and interventions and design, implementation and adjustment of the intervention, with PP. Interventions were implemented to improve communication and clinical agreement between primary and secondary care. Results reveal that contextual factors, the PAR process and the intervention's content influenced their implementation, interacting across time. First, institutional support providing necessary resources, and professionals' and managers' willingness to participate, emerge as contextual pivotal factors, influenced by other factors related to: the system (alignment with policy and political cycle), networks (lack of time due to work overload and inadequate working conditions) and individuals (not knowing each other and mutual mistrust). Second, different characteristics of the PAR process have a bearing, in turn, on institutional support and professionals' motivation: participation, flexibility, consensual decision-making, the LSC's leadership and the facilitating role of researchers. Evidence is provided that implementation through an adequate PAR process can become a factor of motivation and cohesion that is crucial to the adoption of care coordination interventions, leading to better results when certain contextual factors converge.Care coordination; care integration; integrated delivery systems; participatory action research; health services research; qualitative research; implementation science; physicians; Latin AmericaCualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalParticipación Ciudadana2
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Implementation Challenges in Public Policies Towards Indigenous Peoples: The Impact of Health Policies in Urban Contexts2020
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/07256868.2020.1779201
Figueroa, Verónica; Lagos, Cristian; Manriquez, Mónica; Rebolledo, JaimeJournal of Intercultural StudiesHow are indigenous public health policies implemented in contexts of diversity? The rural-urban migration processes that indigenous people have experienced since the mid-1990s in Latin American countries have affected the implementation of public policies, especially in the field of health. These processes have put pressure on ancestral practices of territorial representation, challenging traditional mechanisms that have supported western health policies. Based on a case study in urban Chile, this article examines the implementation processes of indigenous public policies in field of intercultural health. The analysis is informed by data collected from in-depth interviews with 35 key actors (Indigenous health practitioners, managers, health professionals, users, indigenous leaders), who have played a role in different stages in the implementation process of ‘Indigenous Peoples Special Health Program (PESPI)’. The data points to some challenges that persist with the implementation and adaption to this policy into a Western Health Model, where indigenous practices do not always find space to develop. The data collected reveals the efforts that indigenous people make in order to maintain their traditions and practices in different territorial contexts. The findings have the potential to enrich discussion and decision-making on intercultural and or indigenous health policies in other countries experiencing similar issues.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoUrbanismo1
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Temporal changes in gene expression and genotype frequency of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in native silverside Basilichthys microlepidotus: Impact of wastewater reduction due to implementation of public policies2020
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/eva.13000
Veliz, David, Rojas-Hernández, Noemi, Copaja, Sylvia., Vega-Retter, CarenEvolutionary ApplicationsHuman activity has caused a deterioration in the health and population size of riverine species; thus, public policies have been implemented to mitigate the anthropogenic impacts of water use, watercourse transformation, and pollution. We studied the Maipo River Basin, one of the most polluted with untreated wastewater in Chile, for a period of 12 years (2007-2019). Since the implementation of new public policies, including the operation of a wastewater collector (2012), the Maipo River Basin is currently much less polluted by untreated water than before. To analyze the impact of wastewater reduction in this river basin, we studied the native silverside (Basilichthys microlepidotus), which inhabits both polluted and unpolluted areas of the river basin. Previous studies reported the overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase (odc) gene, heterozygote deficit, and high frequency of a homozygote odc genotype in silverside populations that inhabit wastewater-polluted sites, suggesting a phenotypic change and genotypic selection in response to pollution. Here, a population affected and another population unaffected by wastewater were studied before and after implementing the wastewater collector. The physicochemical data of water samples, changes in odc expression and microsatellite variability, and odc genotype frequencies were analyzed. The results showed physicochemical changes in the affected site before and after the operation of the wastewater collector. The microsatellite loci showed no changes in either population. The odc expression in the affected site was higher before the operation of the wastewater collector. Significant changes in the genotype frequencies of the odc gene before and after the wastewater collector operation were detected only at the affected site, wherein the homozygous dominant genotype decreased from >59% to <25%. Our results suggest that public policies aimed at mitigating aquatic pollution can indirectly affect both gene expression and genotype frequencies of important functional genes.Freshwater, Maipo River Basin, ornithine decarboxylase, public policies, silversideCuantitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSituación Hídrica
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Analysis of child policy frames in chile (2014–2018)2020
https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2648
Martin, María Pía PapersChild policies are a relevant area of study in public policy analysis, where the values, ideolo-gies and situational contexts that establish the symbolic orientation of such policies and the state play a central role. Based on the analysis of interpretive frameworks, this article aims to investigate the tensions that hindered the realization of the emblematic reform of the policy for children and adolescents in Chile (2014–2018) by identifying the interpretive frameworks that opposed or drove these changes. Following a grounded theory methodological approach, 29 semi-structured interviews of relevant actors and 42 parliamentary discussions are analyzed. The results reveal two conflicting interpretive frameworks: a protectionist master framework with a tutelary approach and a secondary framework with a rights-based approach, in which the reforms sought to replace the former approach. Through an alignment analysis of interpretive frameworks, it is established that a paradigm shift has not been achieved. However, a change in policies has occurred through amplifica-tion and extension processes of the master interpretive framework. It is concluded that the difficulties of reforming child policies are due to the strong predominance of paradigms and conceptions that mainly disagree with the state’s role as a guarantor of rights and the resistance to consider children and adolescents as subjects of rights.Análisis de política pública, infancia y adolescencia, teoría fundamentada, gobierno, significados, enfoque tutelar, enfoque de derechosCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoNiñez y Adolescencia1
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Implementation of childhood obesity prevention and control policies in the United States and Latin America: Lessons for cross-border research and practice2021http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.13247Corvalan, CamilaWorld ObesityProgress has been made in the development and widespread implementation of effective interventions to address childhood obesity, yet important challenges remain. To understand how the United States and Latin American countries achieved success in implementing obesity policies and programs (PAPs) and identify improvement opportunities using implementation science principles. We identified three comparative case studies: (1) front-of-food package labeling (Mexico and Chile); (2) Open Streets/play streets (Colombia and the United States); and (3) the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (Brazil and the United States). Information from multiple sources (e.g., scientific and gray literature and key informant interviews) was synthesized to describe barriers, facilitators, and progress of PAPs across RE-AIM framework dimensions. Evidence-based advocacy along with political will and evidence of scalability and impact were key for successful launch and implementation of all PAPs. Diverse adaptations of PAP design and implementation had to be done across contexts. Stronger process and impact monitoring and evaluation systems that track equity indicators are needed to maximize the population benefits of these PAPs. Implementation science offers an important contribution toward addressing knowledge gaps, enhancing obesity policy dialogue, and producing transferable lessons across the Americas and, therefore, should be used for research and evaluation during PAP development and throughout the implementation and maintenance phases.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud2
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The International Science and Evidence-based Education Assessment2021https://www.nature.com/articles/s41539-021-00085-9Mizala, AlejandraThe International Science and Evidence-based Education AssessmentEducation is indispensable for the flourishing of people from all backgrounds and stages of life. However, given the accelerating demographic, environmental, economical, socio-political, and technological changes—and their associated risks and opportunities—there is increasing consensus that our current educational systems are falling short and that we need to repurpose education and rethink the organization of learning to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) “Futures of Education” initiative was formally launched at the United Nations General Assembly in 2019 to provide such a vision of education for the future. The International Scientific and Evidence-based Education (ISEE) Assessment synthesizes knowledge streams generated by different communities and stakeholders at all levels and scales and will thereby essentially contribute to re-envisioning this future of education. The overall aim of the ISEE Assessment is to pool the expertise from a broad range of knowledge holders and stakeholders to undertake a scientifically robust and evidence-based assessment in an open and inclusive manner of our current educational systems and its necessary reforms. In this commentary, we discuss the aims and goals of the ISEE Assessment. We describe how the ISEE Assessment will address key questions on the purpose of education and what, how, where and when we learn, and evaluate the alignment of today’s education and theory of learning with the current and forthcoming needs and challenges and to inform policymaking for future education.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalEducación1
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Impact of Public Health Policies on Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in Latin America: An Ecological Multinational Study2021
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/hep.32016
Araujo, RobertaHepatologyBackground and Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver-related mortality in Latin America, yet the impact of public health policies (PHP) on liver disease is unknown. We aimed to assess the association between alcohol PHP and deaths due to ALD in Latin American countries. Approach and Results: We performed an ecological multinational study including 20 countries in Latin America (628,466,088 inhabitants). We obtained country-level sociodemographic information from the World Bank Open Data source. Alcohol-related PHP data for countries were obtained from the World Health Organization Global Information System of Alcohol and Health. We constructed generalized linear models to assess the association between the number of PHP (in 2010) and health outcomes (in 2016). In Latin America, the prevalence of obesity was 27% and 26.1% among male and female populations, respectively. The estimated alcohol per capita consumption among the population at 15 years old or older was 6.8 L of pure alcohol (5.6 recorded and 1.2 unrecorded). The overall prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) was 4.9%. ALD was the main cause of cirrhosis in 64.7% of male and 40.0% of female populations. A total of 19 (95%) countries have at least one alcohol-related PHP on alcohol. The most frequent PHP were limiting drinking age (95%), tax regulations (90%), drunk-driving policies and countermeasures (90%), and government monitoring systems and community support (90%). A higher number of PHP was associated with a lower ALD mortality (PR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93; P = 0.009), lower AUD prevalence (PR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.045), and lower alcohol-attributable road traffic deaths (PR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65-1.00; P = 0.051). Conclusions: Our study indicates that in Latin America, countries with higher number of PHP have lower mortality due to ALD, lower prevalence of AUD, and lower alcohol-attributable road traffic mortality.-CuantitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud
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Models of regulation, education policies, and changes in the education system: a long-term analysis of the Chilean case2021
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09435-1
Bellei, CristianJournal of Educational ChangeAn important dimension of international comparative analysis in education is studying the models of regulation that structure the way in which educational provision is organized. The specialized literature has defined three predominant regulatory models: the traditional bureaucratic professional model, the quasi-market model inspired by neoliberal thought, and the evaluative state model linked to the notion of new public management. This paper seeks to contribute to this line of analysis by studying the evolution of the Chilean education system since 1980. We describe and analyze the models of regulation that have governed Chilean education and their expression in educational reforms and policies; we assert that Chile has adopted all three mentioned models. We also identify some of the principal consequences of these policies: a highly atomized, privatized, and socioeconomically segregated school system; an improvement in access to education and the conditions for the educational process; and an increase in learning outcomes, despite starting from very low levels and stalling during the past decade while remaining highly unequal in character. Thus, we propose some hypotheses to interpret those changes, relating them to the models of regulation as well as the policies previously analyzed. Overall, we affirm that the market and evaluative state models have achieved modest positive effects while producing relevant undesirable consequences. We conclude the paper with a reflection on the character of the particular hybridization of regulatory models developed in Chile, and the types of policy we believe should be prioritized to improve quality, increase innovation, and diminish inequity.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoEducación1
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Analysis of public policy formulation and its effect on the technical and professional work of the community psychologist: A case study2021
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/jcop.22412
Martin, María Pía Journal of Community PsychologyThe academic and professional relationship between Community Psychology and public policy is increasing, especially as pertaining to social issues. An important discussion is to be had regarding the complexity, degrees of complementarity, and contributions of this link, as well as its risks for the discipline of Community Psychology. In this context, this study asks the following question: What are the dynamics of public policy formulation for extreme poverty in Chile and its effect on the technical definition of the psychologists’ work, and what alternatives this opens up for a discussion on the relationship between Community Psychology and public policies? A qualitative and idiographic methodological approach is used, based on Grounded Theory by Strauss & Corbin (2002) and the Case Study by Coller (2000), to analyze semistructured interviews with 10 policymakers of the Chile Seguridades y Oportunidades policy and nine legislative and technical documents that support this policy. The results show that the technical work of the psychologist who participates in public policy towards extreme poverty is affected and configured by the mechanisms and dynamics of the connection between the various frameworks of meaning of policy formulation. These frames of meaning affect the configuration of technical norms that, in a dynamic of reciprocal influence between notions of reference, notions of problem and notions of solution, affect and configure the professional tasks of the psychologists, in terms of the focus of their work, their objectives, levels of intervention and interdisciplinary work.Community psychology, policy frames, public policies, socialprogramsCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud1
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Attitudes toward Health Systems Financing in Chile2021https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00469580211020187González, PabloThe Journal of Health Care OrganizationThis article presents an exploratory model to classify public attitudes towards health systems financing and organization. It comprises 5 factors (pay-as-you-use, solidarity, willingness to contribute, mixed financing, and public provision) measured by 17 indicators, selected through Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) applied to a sample of Chilean adults. Based on this model, cluster analysis proposed 2 groups: “Taxes-public” and “Insurance-choice,” representing 47% and 53% of interviewees, respectively. The results show differences between groups concerning the evaluation of both health care providers and insurers. The second cluster tends to evaluate them more harshly, showing less willingness to contribute further, less solidarity, more agreement with the current financing arrangement in terms of the mixture and its insurance (as opposed to purchasing of service based on health problems), and more support for choice of provider. These results highlight the need to consider people’s attitudes in the public discussion of health systems financing.-CuantitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud
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The impacts of profit-based royalties on early-stage mineral exploration Emilio Castillo2021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102231Castillo, EmilioResources PolicyThe impact of public policy on the mineral industries is difficult to measure due to little short-term responsiveness to policy changes by companies already investing in known fixed deposits. Nevertheless, early-stage (or grassroots) exploration has been suggested to provide early signals about the impact of a policy. Among mineral policies, taxation has received plenty of attention in theoretical analysis and simulation studies, but little empirical evaluation.

Profit-based royalties should affect early-stage exploration by decreasing the expected value of a discovered deposit. The empirical approach here uses a difference-in-difference strategy, analyzing the Chilean mining royalty changes of 2004 and 2010. The first tax change is argued to be exogenous as it happened due to the political cycle and in line with a major increase in commodity prices, and the later modification occurred as a result of a major earthquake. Results indicate a surprisingly small average impact on grassroots exploration. However, the effect is heterogeneous as larger companies increased their budget as opposed to junior companies. The absence of geographical spillovers not only supports these estimated effects but also suggests that neighboring countries do not need to engage in harmful tax competition.		CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalMíneria1
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Why Don't You [Government] Help Us Make Healthier Foods More Affordable Instead of Bombarding Us with Labels? Maternal Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices after Full Implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling Law2022http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084547Reyes, MarcelaRes. Public Health
Experimental and real-life evaluations show that the use of front-of-package warning labels (FoP) in unhealthy foods is well understood and can modify people’s behaviors. However, it is unclear whether these effects remain in the long term because of the risk of message fatigue. The purpose of this study is to explore after four years of implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling law people’s dietary behavior and FoP labels attention. Nine focus groups of mothers (7–10 people each) of children (2–14 yo) were conducted in Santiago, Chile, and macrocodes were developed, combining an iterative process of deductive and inductive thematic analyses. We found that mothers experienced labels’ fatigue but also had greater knowledge about nutrition and appreciation for more natural foods. This greater knowledge about better nutrition interferes with the perception that healthier and less processed foods are financial and physically inaccessible. The key role of schools as an environment for promoting healthier diets in children was strengthened by the mothers. These results suggest that policies based on providing consumer information need reinforcement campaigns to maintain their effectiveness and that we also need to advance policies to improve access and affordability of healthy foods to ensure better diets.		Chile Labelling law; knowledge; perception and practices of nutrition policies; focus groupsCuantitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoSalud
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Environmental impact assessment follow-up institutional and regulatory frameworks: lights and shadows of the Chilean experience2022
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2022.2102884
Perez, CristianINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENTDuring the past 40 years, Chile's EIA system evolved from a fragmented procedural exercise, with limited technical input into decision-making, to an essential public policy tool. This article presents an overview of the EIA system evolution in Chile, its main characteristics, and procedures, and highlights new advances and practical results in the follow-up stage. The analysis revealed evidence that despite positive improvements in Chile's EIA process, there remain significant weaknesses in almost all stages. In the follow-up specifically, some pivotal improvements were made in connection with inspection, enforcement, and monitoring practices. In this context, evidence indicates that those changes have impacted positively on the evaluation of obligations contained at the environmental licenses as well as the governance of the process. However, some challenges to be addressed remain mostly related to monitoring, communication, and citizens' engagement.Chile; environmental enforcement; Environmental Impact Assessment; environmental compliance; EIA Follow-upCualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoMedio Ambiente2
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Assessing the impact of clinical coordination interventions on the continuity of care for patients with chronic conditions: participatory action research in five Latin American countries2022
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab130
Eguiguren, PamelaIMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT APPRAISALAlthough fragmentation in the provision of services is considered an obstacle to effective health care, there is scant evidence on the impact of interventions to improve care coordination between primary care and secondary care in terms of continuity of care-i.e. from the patient perspective-particularly in Latin America (LA). Within the framework of the Equity-LA II project, interventions to improve coordination across care levels were implemented in five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay) through a participatory action research (PAR) process. This paper analyses the impact of these PAR interventions on the cross-level continuity of care of chronic patients in public healthcare networks. A quasi-experimental study was performed with measurements based on two surveys of a sample of patients with chronic conditions (392 per network; 800 per country). Both the baseline (2015) and evaluation (2017) surveys were conducted using the CCAENA questionnaire. In each country, two comparable public healthcare networks were selected, one intervention and one control. Outcomes were cross-level continuity of information and clinical management continuity. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate changes. With differences between countries, the results showed improvements in cross-level continuity of clinical information (transfer of clinical information) and clinical management continuity (care coherence). These results are consistent with those of previous studies on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented in each country in improving care coordination in Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Differences between countries are probably related to particular contextual factors and events that occurred during the implementation process. This supports the notion that certain context and process factors are needed to improve continuity of care. The results provide evidence that, although the interventions were designed to enhance care coordination and aimed at health professionals, patients report improvements in continuity of care.Continuity of care; continuity of information; care coherence; Latin America; participatory action researchCualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud2
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Evaluating the effectiveness of care coordination interventions designed and implemented through a participatory action research process: Lessons learned from a quasi-experimental study in public healthcare networks in Latin America2022
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261604
Eguiguren, PamelaBMJ GLOBAL HEALTHBackground Despite increasing recommendations for health professionals to participate in intervention design and implementation to effect changes in clinical practice, little is known about this strategy's effectiveness. This study analyses the effectiveness of interventions designed and implemented through participatory action research (PAR) processes in healthcare networks of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay to improve clinical coordination across care levels, and offers recommendations for future research. Methods The study was quasi-experimental. Two comparable networks, one intervention (IN) and one control (CN), were selected in each country. Baseline (2015) and evaluation (2017) surveys of a sample of primary and secondary care doctors (174 doctors/network/year) were conducted using the COORDENA (R) questionnaire. Most of the interventions chosen were based on joint meetings, promoting cross-level clinical agreement and communication for patient follow-up. Outcome variables were: a) intermediate: interactional and organizational factors; b) distal: experience of cross-level clinical information coordination, of clinical management coordination and general perception of coordination between levels. Poisson regression models were estimated. Results A statistically significant increase in some of the interactional factors (intermediate outcomes) -knowing each other personally and mutual trust- was observed in Brazil and Chile INs; and in some organizational factors -institutional support- in Colombia and Mexico. Compared to CNs in 2017, INs of Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico showed significant differences in some factors. In distal outcomes, care consistency items improved in Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay INs; and patient follow-up improved in Chile and Mexico. General perception of clinical coordination increased in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico INs. Compared to CNs in 2017, only Brazil showed significant differences. Conclusions Although more research is needed, results show that PAR-based interventions improved some outcomes regarding clinical coordination at network level, with differences between countries. However, a PAR process is, by definition, slow and gradual, and longer implementation periods are needed to achieve greater penetration and quantifiable changes. The participatory and flexible nature of interventions developed through PAR processes poses methodological challenges (such as defining outcomes or allocating individuals to different groups in advance), and requires a comprehensive mixed-methods approach that simultaneously evaluates effectiveness and the implementation process to better understand its outcomes.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalSalud2
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Intercultural aspects of health. A critical analysis of health policies aimed at the Aymara people of northern Chile 2018
https://www.interciencia.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/322-GAVILAN-43_5.pdf
Gavilán, VivianIntercienciaWe present research results on health policies aimed at the Aymara people of Northern Chile and the health practices of the community attached to it. We analyze the conceptual bases of the work carried out by the Ministry of Health and discuss the notion of interculturality that is applied in them. Under an interpretative framework that considers history as the central axis of the analysis, we present collected data regarding the activities against disease and the conceptual bases that Aymara families carry out and elaborate in the Tarapaca region. The study of the medical models and systems in course is fundamental to advance to a greater equity. The stated purposes of the Chilean State to solve health problems of the indigenous population can be achieved if a multidimensional health concept is taken into account that considers the complexity of the phenomenon, if the Aymara community's health traditions are distinguished from the conditions of health and the demands on health that ethnic leaders have raised. Also, new working conditions must be generated for professionals in the public health system.CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoPERTENECE A UNIVERSIDAD DE TARAPACA
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What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? framing the agenda for the next decade of research2016http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv342Vives, AlejandraInternational Journal of EpidemiologyThe generalization of flexible labour markets, the declining influence of unions and the degradation of social protection has led to the emergence of new forms of employment at the expense of the Standard Employment Relationship, as well as a considerable amount of research across social and scientific disciplines. Years ago we suggested the urgent need to disentangle the consequences of new types of employment for the health and well-being of workers, contending that the study of precarious employment and health is in its infancy. Today, research challenges include clearer, more precise definitions of the original concepts, a more detailed understanding of the pathways and mechanisms through which precarious employment harms worker health, stronger information systems for monitoring the problem and a complex systems approach to employment conditions and health research. All of these must be guided by the theoretical and policy debates linking precarious employment and health, and be geared towards developing better tools for the design, implementation and evaluation of policies intended to minimize precariousness in the labour market and its effects on public health and health inequalities. Our aim in this paper is to outline an agenda for the next decade of research on precarious employment and health, establishing a compelling programme that expands our understanding of complex causes and links.Precarious employment, social determinants of health, social epidemiology, occupational health, employment conditions, working conditions, health inequalitiesCualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalPERTENECE A UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA
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Does Municipal Socioeconomic Development Affect Public Perceptions of Crime? A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis2018
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1669-2
Rotarou, ElenaSocial Indicators ResearchChile is considered as one of the safest countries in Latin America, with a below-the-average world crime rate. However, during the last few decades, the country has experienced a deterioration in public perceptions of safety. This paper investigates public perceptions of crime in the 52 municipalities of the metropolitan area of Santiago, by employing an index of socioeconomic development for each municipality. Multilevel logistic regression analysis is used in order to assess the impact of individual and municipal-level variables on perceptions of crime in these municipalities. The results show that women exhibit higher perceptions of crime, while people living in rural areas, inactive people, and people with higher education and income have generally lower perceptions. Multidimensional poverty is positively associated with high perceptions of crime, while municipal spending on health and/or education does not show a relationship with perceptions of crime. Regarding socioeconomic development level of municipalities, the results show that people living in municipalities of high development show the lowest perceptions of crime, despite the fact that these municipalities do actually exhibit the highest crime rates, a fact confirming the ‘perception gap’ and the ‘neighbourhood favouritism’ theories. The results and conclusions of this study can be used not only by local policy-makers but also by officials in other cities that—like Santiago—are characterised by high urban segregation.-CualitativaDisciplinarioPúblicoDesarrollo Social
Actualmente en U. San Sebastian
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Impact evaluation methodology applied to Corfo´s regional entrepreneurship support program in Chile2019https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33960960004Cabrales, FernandoIntercenciaEl fomento del emprendimiento y la innovación es actualmente un componente crucial de las políticas públicas para el desarrollo económico y social en todos los países. Sin embargo,
la eficacia y rentabilidad social de este tipo de programas no
es convincente ni fácil de medir y, crecientemente, ha atraído
el interés de especialistas y organismos multilaterales en los últimos diez años. Aunque existe cierto consenso en los aspectos
metodológicos, en este trabajo se propone una metodología para la evaluación de Programas de Apoyo al Emprendimiento e Innovación (PAEI) que separa la efectividad de la evaluación y
propone evaluaciones específicas a los objetivos de los programas. El análisis estadístico utiliza la información de impacto del
Programa Regional de Apoyo al Emprendimiento (PRAE) de la
Corporación de Fomento para la Producción (CORFO) de Chile
en el año 2013, y extrae información relevante para modificar
las bases de concursos, que mejoren la eficiencia de los PAEI. 		-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoEmprendimiento
Actualmente Sirector Corfo Arica
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Access to housing in the neoliberal era: a new comparativist analysis of the neoliberalisation of access to housing in Santiago and London2019
https://doi-org.uchile.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/19491247.2018.1501256
Imilan, WalterInternational Journal of Housing PolicyThe housing crisis in cities across the globe has been shaped by an architecture of neoliberal housing policy. However, to bring myriad qualitatively and nationally disparate modes of housing privatisation, restriction, individualisation and marketisation under the umbrella of a single, monolithic ‘neoliberalism’ risks limiting explanatory power, ignoring national particularity and privileging theory over ‘actually existing neoliberalism’. Therefore, this paper attempts a cosmopolitan understanding of these processes across the North/South dichotomy, comparing the trajectories of two cities seen as archetypal examples of housing neoliberalisation: Santiago and London. Drawing on Latin American and Global North literatures, we analyse the socio-spatial and political-institutional effects emerging from neoliberal transformations of access to housing. By exploring mutations in: the role of the state; the origin/purpose of funding/financing; the class composition of policy beneficiaries; the geography of public housing; and, housing tenure, the paper produces a rich comparison of two significantly different housing systems. Written in the spirit of ‘new comparativism’, the paper contributes to the ongoing decentring of Western-dominated theories of neoliberalism. Two importantly different city-trajectories emerge, and these particularities enable us to add depth to our understanding of the current housing crises, while at the same time drawing cross-border comparisons and conclusions, and cosmopolitanising our theories of neoliberalisation.-CualitativaMultidisciplinarioTransversalVivienda
Actualmente en U Central
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The access to housing in neoliberal times: A comparative analysis of the effects and impacts of neoliberalization on Santiago, Mexico city and London2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582016000300006
Imilan, WalterRevista INVIThe public housing crisis is the result of a series of neoliberal actions promoted by housing policies such as the creation of funding mechanisms and exclusionary and privatization initiatives that restricted the access of the poor to housing. This paper analyzes this process by comparing the situation of three cities: Mexico City, Santiago and London. Through the review of Latin American and Global North literature, we analyze the sociospatial and political-institutional effects derived from the transformation of the access to social housing before and after the implementation of the neoliberal policies that modified the role of the State, funding mechanisms and the social background of beneficiaries and triggered the emergence of tenure issues and new urban geographies within the context of social housing. The experiences of these three countries differ from each other and show unique features; however, they allow us to comparatively understand the current social housing crisis and develop a cosmopolitan theory about neoliberalization processes.Social/Public Housing, Housing Crisis, Hpusing Commodification, Housing Financialization, Neoliberal Policies on Housing.CualitativaMultidisciplinarioPúblicoVivienda
El articulo original del anterior, autor en U Central
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