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Type of Benchmark: Fundamental (previously taught); Power (needs to be taught and assessed); Extension (may be taught and assessed)
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The Benchmark Code
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1Course: E1 (English 9); E2 (English 10); E3 (English 11); E4 (English 12)
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2Topic: Examples - GR (Grammar and Usage)
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3Sequence: Numbered from the beginning of a topic (1,2,3, etc.)
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Depth of Knowledge (DOK): a (Recall), b (Skill/Concept); c (Strategic Thinking); d (Extended Knowledge)
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LITERACY SUBDOMAIN: LANGUAGE
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Code:Topic: Grammar and Usage (GR)Type
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E4.GR.1.dUse contextually appropriate prepositions when writing or editing a complex textFundamental
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E4.GR.2.dUse pronouns correctly (e.g., its and your, who and whom) when writing or editing. Power
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E4.GR.3.dMaintain a consistent and logical use of verb tense when writing or editing a complex textPower
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E4.GR.4.dDetermine subject-verb agreement when writing or editing a complex textPower
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E4.GR.5.dUse transition words (e.g. therefore, however, addtionally, etc.) to create logical connections when writing or editing a complex textPower
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E4.GR.6.dEmploy commas to set off clauses or parenthetical elements and to avoid ambiguity when syntax or language is sophisticated when writing or editing a complex textPower
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E4.GR.7.dUse a semicolon correctly to indicate a relationship between closely related independent clauses when writing or editing a complex textPower
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Code:Topic: Sentence Structure (SST)Type
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E4.SST.1.dUse sentence-combining techniques effectively (e.g. avoiding comma splices, run-on sentences, and sentence fragments) when writing or editing a complex text.Fundamental
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E4.SST.2.dVary sentence structure (with clauses) for effect when writing or editing complex text.Power
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E4.SST.3.dUse long sentences and complex clausal relationships within sentences effectively (e.g., avoid weak conjunctions between independent clauses, maintain parallel structure between clauses) when writing or editing a complex textExtension
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Code:Topic: Organization (ORG)Type
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E4.ORG.1.dAdd, delete, or rearrange phrases or sentences to accomplish a purpose (e.g., emphasize, add supporting detail, express meaning, strengthen the main focus) when writing or editing a complex textPower
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Code:Topic: Knowledge of Language (KOL)Type
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E3.KOL.1.cDetermine whether the author's word choice has achieved the stated purpose (e.g., to persuade, inform, entertain etc.)Fundamental
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E4.KOL.2.bIdentify how and author ueses connotatative and denotative meanings of words that accomplish a specific purpose.Fundamental
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E4.KOL.3.cDetermine the meaning of context dependent words and phrases by using a range of strategiesPower
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LITERACY SUBDOMAIN: READING
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Code:Topic: Key Ideas and Details (KID)Type
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E4.KID.1.cAnalyze how an author's choices in a text influence the development of main ideas, themes, or arguments.Power
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E4.KID.2.cDraw logical conclusions about relationships between narrative elements, such as setting, plot, point of view, characters, conflict and theme. Power
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E4.KID.3.cAnalyze how the claims and counterclaims reinforce an argument in a complex text.Power
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E4.KID.4.cCite evidence that supports main ideas or themes in a complex text.Power
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E4.KID.5.bDraw inferences about key ideas and details in a complex text.Power
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E4.KID.6.bParaphrase text to better understand meaning, word choice, and structure.Power
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E4.KID.7.cAnalyze how an author uses reasons and evidence to support a thesis. Power
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Code:Topic: Craft and Structure (CAS)Type
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E4.CAS.1.cIdentify and analyze the author's argument, purpose, audience, and context. Power
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E4.CAS.2.cAnalyze how the author's stylistic choices (POV, diction, figurative language, tone) develop the theme of a complex text.Power
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E4.CAS.3.bDetermine the figurative meanings of words, phrases, and statements in a literary text.Power
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E4.CAS.4.cDraw inferences and generalizations about the effects of an author's use of figurative language on a literary text Power
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E4.CAS.5.cAnalyze the relationship between tone and purpose in a variety of texts. Power
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E4.CAS.6.cAnalyze how an author uses language to create structure in a challenging text Power
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E4.CAS.7.cAnalyze how the author uses rhetorical appeals (logos, pathos, ethos) to accomplish a purpose in a complex text. Power
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Code:Topic: Integration of Knowledge and Ideas (IKI)Type
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E4.IKI.1.cEvaluate the interpretation of a literary text presented in more than one media.Fundamental
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E3.IKI.2.bCompare the representation of a subject in a source document to a chapter or passage from a literary text.Power
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E4.IKI.3.bCompare the themes from two or more complex literary texts. Power
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LITERACY SUBDOMAIN: WRITING
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Code:Topic: Argumentative Writing (ARG)Type
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E4.ARG.1.dConstruct an engaging introdution (e.g., hook, relevant context) before presenting the central argument thesis.Fundamental
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E4.ARG.2.dAccurately predict and address counter-arguments to establish and maintain crediblity.Fundamental
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E4.ARG.3.dConstruct a concluding statement or section that directly connects to larger implications and/or consequences.Fundamental
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E4.ARG.4.dWrite an argument that analyzes an author's rhetorical purpose and techniques (ethos, logos, pathos). Power
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E4.ARG.5.dCreate precise, evidence-based claims that hold significance.Power
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E4.ARG.6.dSelect and integrate evidence to support rhetorical analysis.Power
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E4.ARG.7.dExplain selected evidence and use valid reasoning to show how it supports the claim.Power
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E4.ARG.8.dUse deliberate sequencing of claims and body paragraphs.Power
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New CodeTopic: Explanatory Writing (EXP)Type
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E4.EXP.1.dWrite explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information. Fundamental
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E4.EXP.2.dIntroduce and develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant information. Fundamental
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E4.EXP.3.dProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.Fundamental
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New CodeTopic: Narrative Writing (NAR)Type
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E4.NAR.1.dWrite narratives using effective techniques, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.Fundamental
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E4.NAR.2.dEngage and orient the audience by introducing a problem, situation, or observation.Fundamental
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E4.NAR.3.dUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, and reflection, to further engage the reader.Fundamental
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E4.NAR.4.dProvide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.Fundamental
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New CodeTopic: Production and Distribution of Writing (PDW)Type
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E4.PDW.1.dAddress a clear audience for a specific purpose when writingFundamental
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E4.PDW.2.dEstablish and maintain an objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.Power
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E4.PDW.3.dProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are approptiate to task, purpose, and audience. Power
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E4.PDW.4.dDemonstrate advanced writing style through the use of precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy. Power
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E4.PDW.5.dUse transitions and syntax to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among complex concepts when writingPower
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E4.PDW.6.dSkillfully embed evidence in writing to avoid free-standing/dropped quotations. Power
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E4.PDW.7.dStrengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, and rewriting. Power
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E4.PDW.8.dUse technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.Extension
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New CodeTopic: Research to Build and Present Knowledge (RBK)Type
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E4.RBK.1.dConduct multiple research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problemPower
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E4.RBK.1.cGather relevant information from muliple sources, using advanced searches effectively in order to support analysis.Power
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E4.RBK.1.cAssess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience.Power
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E4.RBK.1.dSynthesize multiple sources on the subject demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.Power
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E4.RBK.1.bAvoid plagiarism and overreliance on any one source while following a standard format for citation.Power
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