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Type of Benchmark: Fundamental (previously taught); Power (needs to be taught and assessed); Extension (may be taught and assessed)
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The Benchmark Code
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1Course: E1 (English 9); E2 (English 10); E3 (English 11); E4 (English 12)
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2Topic: Examples - GR (Grammar and Usage)
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3Sequence: Numbered from the beginning of a topic (1,2,3, etc.)
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4Depth of Knowledge (DOK): a (Recall), b (Skill/Concept); c (Strategic Thinking); d (Extended Knowledge)
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LITERACY DOMAIN: LANGUAGE
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Code:Topic: Grammar and Usage (GR)Type
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E2.GR.1.cUse apostrophes to indicate possessive nounsFundamental
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E2.GR.2.aIdentify basic parts of speech in a sentence.Fundamental
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E2.GR.3.cDetermine the correct pronoun antecedent agreement and pronoun references when editing a textPower
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E2.GR.4.cUse the correct comparative or superlative adjective or adverb form depending on contextPower
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E2.GR.5.bIdentify the appropriate verb tense based on the meaning and context of a sentencePower
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E2.GR.6.cDetermine correct subject-verb agreement when phrases come between the subject and the verb Power
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E1.GR.7.bCapitalize appropriate items to reduce distraction.Power
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E2.GR.8.cUse the appropriate word in frequently confused pairs of familiar words (E.g. effect/affect, immigrate/emigrate, counsel/council, principle/principal, stationary/stationery)Power
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E2.GR.9.dUse idiomatically appropriate prepositions, especially in combination with verbs when writing a text (e.g., long for, appeal to)Power
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E2.GR.10.dUse transition words, (including conjunctive adverbs like however, consequently, moreover) to express straightforward logical relationships when writing a textPower
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E2.GR.11.cUse commas to set off simple phrases and clausesPower
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E2.GR.12.dUse semicolons and conjunctive adverbs to link two or more closely related independent clauses when writing a textPower
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E2.GR.13.cDelete unnecessary commas in a textPower
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Code:Topic: Sentence Structure (SST)Type
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E1.SST.1.bIdentify independent and dependent clauses.Fundamental
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E2.SST.2.cAdd a logical conjunction to link clauses when editing a textPower
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E3.SST.3.dDistinguish among simple, compound, and complex sentences when writing.Power
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E2.SST.4.dUse parallel structure to create meaning when writingPower
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E1.SST.5.cCorrect misplaced and dangling modifiers when editing a textPower
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E2.SST.6.cFix punctuation with conjunctions to create compound and complex sentences. Power
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Code:Topic: Organization (ORG)Type
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E2.ORG.1.dCreate topic sentences to logically introduce ideas in a paragraph.Fundamental
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E2.ORG.2.cImprove vague, clumsy, and confusing writing to gain clarity and/or avoid redundancy when editing a textPower
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E2.ORG.3.cDetermine a word or phrase most consistent with the style and tone when editing a textPower
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E2.ORG.4.cDetermine relevancy of a paragraph or sentence in terms of the focus of the essay.Power
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E2.ORG.5.cDetermine logical order of sentences in a text when editing/revisingPower
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Code:Topic: Knowledge of Language (KOL)Type
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E2.KOL.1.bUse context clues to determine the meaning of a sentence in a textPower
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E3.KOL.2.bIdentify connotatative and denotative meanings of words to accomplish a specific purpose (e.g., tone and mood).Power
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E2.KOL.3.cUse Latin and Greek roots to determine the meaning of a word in contextPower
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LITERACY DOMAIN: READING
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Code:Topic: Key Ideas and Details (KID)Type
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E2.KID.1.dPurposefully annotate a text for comprehension and analysisFundamental
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E1.KID.2.bIdentify and explain story elements (setting, plot, point of view, characters, conflict) in a literary text.Fundamental
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E1.KID.3.cUse domain-specific vocabulary important to comprehension of a literary text (e.g., parallel plots, pacing, flashbacks)Fundamental
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E1.KID.4.bIdentify direct and indirect characterization in a literary text.Fundamental
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E2.KID.5.cDetermine how a series of claims within a text establishes an author’s argumentPower
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E2.KID.6.cCite evidence that supports a key inference or thematic assertion about a chapter or passage in a grade-level appropriate text Power
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E2.KID.7.bDraw inferences about a text (e.g. main idea; theme; characters; relationships between people, ideas, or events)Power
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E3.KID.8.bSummarize information to better understand and explain meaning of a text.Power
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E2.KID.9.bParaphrase text to better understand meaning, word choice, and structure.Power
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E2.KID.10.cAnalyze the effect of point of view on the reader's understanding of the textPower
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E2.KID.11.cAnalyze the role of complex characters and their development over the course of a textPower
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Code:Topic: Craft and Structure (CAS)Type
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E1.CAS.1.cDetermine an author's implicit purpose (inform, persuade, entertain, share an experience)Power
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E2.CAS.2.cAnalyze how the author uses diction, including transition words and phrases, for organization purposes.Power
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E2.CAS.3.cSupport an interpretation of an author's point of view (especially the cultural perspective) based on a evidence from a text Power
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E2.CAS.4.cAnalyze how the order of events within a chapter or passage contributes to the plot structure in a literary text Power
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E2.CAS.5.cAnalyze the effects of an author's organizational choices about how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks).Power
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E2.CAS.6.cDetermine the effect of figurative language and devices in prose (including symbolism, irony, allusion, extended metaphors, hyperbole, foreshadowing)Power
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E2.CAS.7.cDetermine the effect of literary devices in a poem (including imagery, personification, repetition, alliteration, assonance, rhythm, meter, internal and end rhyme)Power
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E2.CAS.8.cDescribe the impact of word choice on tone and moodPower
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Code:Topic: Integration of Knowledge and Ideas (IKI)Type
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E2.IKI.1.cExamine similarities and differences in tone and theme among diverse media formats (including visual formats) Fundamental
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E2.IKI.2.bCompare key ideas, themes, or details found in two texts Power
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E2.IKI.3.cDraw inferences regarding the relationships between textsPower
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LITERACY DOMAIN: WRITING
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Code:Topic: Text Type - Argumentative WritingType
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E2.ARG.1.dIntroduce precise claimsFundamental
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E2.ARG.2.dWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.Power
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E2.ARG.3.dDevelop claim(s) (and counterclaims when appropriate) by supplying evidence in a logically organized manner.Power
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E2.ARG.4.dConstruct an engaging introduction (e.g., hook, relevant context) before presenting the central argument thesis.Power
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E2.ARG.5.dProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).Power
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Code:Topic: Explanatory Writing (EXP)Type
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E2.EXP.1.dWrite informative/explanatory texts to clearly and accurately examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.Fundamental
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E2.EXP.2.dIntroduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.Fundamental
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E2.EXP.3.dChoose an appropriate organizational structure to develop a topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.Fundamental
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Code:Topic: Narrative Writing (NAR)Type
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E2.NAR.1.dWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.Fundamental
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E2.NAR.2.dChoose a significant moment or series of significant moments to achieve a specific purpose (e.g., share an experience, teach a moral lesson, communicate a viewpoint etc.).Fundamental
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E2.NAR.3.dEngage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters.Fundamental
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E2.NAR.4.dUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.Fundamental
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E2.NAR.5.dProvide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.Fundamental
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E2.NAR.6.dUse appropriate transitions to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.Fundamental
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E3.ARG.7.dSequence events in a a way that engages the reader and showcases the experience.Fundamental
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E2.NAR.8.dUse precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.Fundamental
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Code:Topic: Production and Distribution of Writing (Writing Process)Type
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E2.PDW.1.dProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. Power
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E2.PDW.2.dAddress a clear audience for a specific purpose.Power
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E2.PDW.3.dEstablish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of a specific mode of writing.Power
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E2.PDW.4.dUse multiple strategies to generate and organize ideas (e.g., free-write, brainstorm, bubble-graph, outline, drafting etc.)Power
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E2.PDW.5.dUse precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.Power
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E2.PDW.6.dUse specific and varied transitions appropriate to the mode of writing.Power
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E2.PDW.7.dSkillfully embed evidence in writing to avoid free-standing/dropped quotations. Power
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E2.PDW.8.dDevelop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. Power
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E2.PDW.9.dUse technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.Extension
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Code:Topic: Research to Build and Present Knowledge (RBK)Type
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E2.RBK.1.bFollow the MLA format rules for citation, including in-text citations as well as on a Works Cited page.Fundamental
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E2.RBK.2.cDraw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.Fundamental
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E2.RBK.3.dConduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem by ; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesizinge multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject. under investigation.Power
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E2.RBK.4.cDevelop an appropriate research question, narrowing or broadening the topic as needed.Power