E-Consultation Inputs Interactive Dialogue: Making Fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets (Responses)

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1	Stakeholders E-Consultation: Inputs to Interactive Dialogue - Making Fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
2	This file compiles inputs from from non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions, the scientific community, the private sector, philanthropic organizations, major groups and other stakeholders on elements for the concept papers of the 2020 UN Ocean Conference interactive dialogues. Outcomes may contain advice, opinions and statements of various information providers. The United Nations does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information provided through this e-consultation. Our office reserves the right to delete any content/input that is not aligned with the United Nations Charter and/or the principles and purposes of the 2020 United Nations Conference to support the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14.
3	Name of Organization	Country	What are the main challenges and opportunities related to making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets?	What measures should be promoted to address current gaps and challenges related to making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets?	Please, list examples of impactful existing partnerships related to making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets, especially scientific and technological innovation-based partnerships.	Please, list key recommendations for making fisheries sustainable and providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets that could be discussed during this interactive dialogue.	Sector
4	Soroptimist International	USA	Policies or treaties involving the protection of marine ecosystems or which encourage the responsible use of ocean resources are still insufficient to combat the adverse effects of overfishing and illegal fishing. The FAO 2018 report "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture" acknowledges that we still continue to fish beyond sustainable yields; about one-third (33.1%) of global fish stocks are overfished. Illegal and unreported fishing still aggravate the problem of overfishing. Climate change causes fish and shellfish to shift habitats creating complications for small scale-fishers who depend on the proximity of these fish for both income and food. If not controlled, pollution will also continue to have a great impact on fisheries. Major challenges also exist regarding the responsible management of biodiversity and resources as fish do not recognize jurisdictions and most of the ocean lies outside the jurisdiction of any single region. Only 3% of the ocean is well protected.	Political will, increased capacity and more effective interventions are needed to conserve and sustainably use ocean resources in order to meet the 2030 Agenda. About 30% of the ocean needs to be placed within protected areas to meet marine management goals including that of creating sustainable fisheries. Monitoring technologies and infrastructures for data-sharing can regulate illegal fishing. If properly implemented, the Agreement on Port State Measures can prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported or unregulated fishing by preventing vessels’ use of ports thereby stopping the flow of illegally caught fish to markets. Political will and greater transparency is also needed to effectively regulate legal overfishing. Educating and enabling small-scale artisanal fishers to access relevant and modern technology can aid them in connecting with markets and marine resources that better balance their needs while creating sustainable fisheries and engaging in ocean conservation.	If implemented properly and including partnerships with such stakeholders as private business,academia and NGO's , international obligations regarding cooperation on marine scientific research and marine technology for small scale fisheries could transfer science and technology that would produce data which small-scale artisanal fishers could be educated to use to determine the probable location and size of fish stocks. This could, in turn, lead to improved and sustainable fishing as well as an increase in profits for these fishers. Moreover, allowing the transfer or sharing of science and technology to developing countries could enable them to develop or share satellite tracking systems which are a necessity to monitoring and enforcing rules regarding illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing within their region. Technological and affordable innovations which increased the selectivity of fishing gears could reduce discards and minimize the impact of fishing activities on marine biodiversity and ecosystems.	I would include all of the above recommendations. I would also add that, while political will and strong regulations would be required, States should also address the issues of human trafficking, child and slave labor and violence which have all been linked to declining fish stocks as well as the overfishing of lucrative species which is now linked to organized crime.	Civil society organization
5	Nigerian women agro allied farmers association	Nigeria	Making fisheries sustainable have opportunities and challenges. Opportunities are creating enabling environment like clean water without pollution and production of quality fishes for consumption. Challenges are opportunity costs example is huge funds are needed for Establishment of a standard fishery business. Providing access for small scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets. Is opening up of other fishing activities like fishing prawns, whale , sharks and other sea food businesses.	Capacity building and policy making to favour fishing businesses.	DRR Business Support Group for small scale farmers and Businesses ID NO 20190312_002 by Nigerian Women Agro Allied Farmers Association.	Capacity building for small scale fishermen and women. Policy dialogue on plastic pollution on the seas and ocean. Electing a funding agency to cater for the needs of small scale fishing investments.	Civil society organization
6	Club Ohada Thies	Sénégal	Fishing remains a very complicated sector in Senegal. It is made up of people who often work with very limited means in terms of technical and legal means. Small artisanal fishermen have no chance of accessing seafood in order to be able to sell it on the local market. Suddenly, they do not have enough possibilities. Their challenge is currently the lack of training and mastered legal work instruments. An example of partnerships is a partnership between fishermen and training institutes or technical and financial organizations for lasting support in their work. there are specialized NGOs which have scientific and technological knowledge capable of accompanying fishermen to marine resources and markets	It is necessary to establish a dural connection between the marine fishermen and the organizations of the Civil Society specialized in the field of the sea. An exchange framework should exist between these two organizations.		Training artisanal fishermen on legal instruments Technical and technological training for marine fishermen	Civil society organization
7	Sera Afrika	Kenya	Capital -Equipment: boats and tools to safely and reliably venture out to sea - Skills and knowhow Infrastructure -Financial - Lack of funds for appropriate equipment & methods - Lack of investor confidence - Lack of well-organised and attractive financing options - Connectivity – Access to affordable connectivity Sectoral - Lack of affordable intermediary infrastructure to facilitate access to markets - Cold storage - Off-shore to shore transport - Shore to market transportation - Disproportionate bargaining power between small-scale fishermen and middlemen Market - Consumer tastes - Lack of adequate processing facilities - Lack of preservation methods - Oversaturation of like products - Limits market prices and therefore incentives and rewards for fishermen - Overburden specific parts of marine resource ecosystems Governance and regulation - Low monitoring of marine habitat health - Lack of capacity for interventions - Improper oversight over of middlemen - Incentives	Improved infrastructure a) For accessible financing b) For new investment products c) For sectoral organisation d) For market sophistication e) For logistics 2) Improve access to information For fishermen i) Viable fishing areas ii) Seasonal patterns iii) Demand and markets on a wider scale b) For industry authorities i) Health of marine fishing ecosystems ii) Catch rates and fishing activities iii) Streamlined licensing and quality control For consumers i) Possible products ii) Stock and prices	a. Internet over water for informational exchanges among various stakeholders (fishermen, BMUs, regulators, middlemen, intermediaries, transporters, wholesalers, retailers, consumers) b. Digital stocktaking platforms for fishermen c. Smart aquaculture methods and equipment d. Local advanced boatbuilding	https://seraafrika.com/2019/12/16/jabeic-before-and-after-fisheries-value-chain/	Private sector
8	Common Seas	United Kingdom	Economic viability and inadequate ability to plan for resource access, with changing environmental conditions and over exploitation of many coastal stocks.	Management of international waters to allow harvesting of larger species within coastal waters, taking pressure off of small, coastal and reef species. Also, giving these fishers greater access to information and management, as their experience and data is invaluable		Involve producers in the management discussions; focus on management of international waters, redesign economic systems to promote sustainable management, promote local stewardship between stakeholders	Philanthropic organization
9	CoopeSoliDar R.L	Costa Rica	The need for a just market. To have good census that recognize the total population of women and men dedicated to small scale fisheries and that there rights are recognized. Innovative, adaptation and transference of technology.	Recognized that Small scale fisher enterprises require a particular and differentiated treatment Promote national markets that value the diversity of species catches through the year. Affirmative actions from the private sector, CSO and government to recognized experiences that move towards responsible fishing in an integrated and holistic approach.		Implementation of the SSF voluntary guidelines in the context of food security and poverty eradication Strengthen capacities for participative information gathering on the small scale fisheries Efforts to stimulate local and regional markets that improve selling but also food security. Human rights base approach to marine conservation that deals with formality and holistic approach of small scale fishing as a form of life.	Civil society organization
10	Global Fishing Watch	UK	Gaps in governance and difficulties in monitoring and enforcing fisheries rules due to vast distances and high patrol costs mean that making fisheries sustainable is a global challenge. By sharing vessel data, States can stop those looking to break the rules. Implementing a regional port State control regime will prevent bad actors from being able to exploit governance gaps forcing them to follow the rules. Requiring vessels to hold unique identification and history will highlight previous non-compliance. Using innovative technologies such as Global Fishing Watch’s public platform will allow port State control officers to check vessel tracking data and be informed of risks that should be investigated further. By publishing vessel data, a culture of compliance will be created, limiting the instances of IUU fishing, allowing governments to implement a cost effective, targeted enforcement regime and ensuring small-scale artisanal fishers have access to abundant marine resources.	Flag states should: Allocate all vessels a unique identification number and vessels leaving national waters a free International Maritime Organization Ship Identification Number (IMO Number) as a condition of registration. Publicly share vessel registries and submit all relevant data into the FAO Global Record of Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated Transport Vessels and Supply Vessels. Track all vessels using Vessel Monitoring Systems, Automatic Identification Systems or any other viable tracking system. Make vessel tracking data publicly available by incorporating them into Global Fishing Watch. Fully monitor transshipment at-sea and follow up on all unauthorised events. If this is not possible, ban transshipment at-sea. Ensure the management of the registry is within the flag state (and not held by an external private company). Port States should: Stop foreign-flagged vessels landing illegal catch in domestic ports by implementing the FAO Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA).	Global Fishing Watch has forged innovative partnerships that focus on utilizing the latest technology to support States in fisheries governance and research organisations in scientific analysis. Currently, over 60,000 fishing vessels’ Automatic Identification System tracking information is publicly available on our interactive map. Existing partnerships with governments including Chile, Indonesia, Panama and Peru have resulted in the publication of Vessel Monitoring System data for these flag States. Existing partnerships with research organisations including the UN FAO, The University of British Columbia, the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Japan National Research and Development Agency have resulted in the publication of multiple scientific papers and analyses on measures to make fishing sustainable.	Adopt global transparency in fisheries: Technological advances in tracking methods offer new hope for fisheries management. This, combined with better public understanding of which vessels are authorised to transship or fish and where, will drive better compliance. Enact tighter controls at ports: All port states should ratify and implement the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) to stop IUU-caught fish entering the market. The PSMA requires parties to place tighter controls on foreign-flagged vessels seeking to use their ports to detect and prevent the trade of IUU products. Enhance collaboration: Because IUU fishing does not honour political boundaries, regional collaboration among nations is essential. Collaboration between government departments and governments—as well as among businesses and financial institutions, scientific establishments and the civil sector—will generate new solutions, maximise impact and lower costs.	Civil society organization
11	United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS)	United Nations	Bridging traditional knowledge of coastal fishers, local communities and indigenous peoples with science to find localized solutions for sustainable resource management.	Engaging traditional and artisanal coastal fisheries to provide localized solutions for conservation of marine ecosystems and promote sustainable practices of fisheries management.	First is to promote the understanding of traditional fisheries and practices, and document these knowledge. Next, is to disseminate the knowledge to public and practitioners and bridge the traditional knowledge with science and policy interface. The UNU-IAS Operating Unit Ishikawa / Kanazawa (OUIK), further explores the application of Satoumi concept on the local level, by spearheading the OUIK “Noto’s Satoumi Movement” since 2015 to promote understanding of sustainable coastal fisheries and related livelihoods. In particular, the conservation of coastal marine biodiversity through ensuring sustainable coastal livelihoods, i.e. fisheries and tourism, is emphasized in achieving SDG 14 as coastal seascapes are the cradle of and foundations for marine life. http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:5838	1. Work with coastal fishers, indigenous peoples and local communities to promote conservation and sustainable practices of fishing. 2. Documentation and outreach activities to promote understanding on traditional knowledge and practices.	UN Organization
12	Gatef organization	Egypt	.		Important links Sites and information French Development Agency Development assistance and emergency humanitarian action Sustainable development and development assistance Diagram: French ODA Millennium Development Goals Sustainable Development Goals Development - World Toilet Day (19 November 2017) Global Forum "Convergences" (Paris, 4 and 5 September 2017) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - What has France achieved so far? (May 2017) Health, gender and development Emergency humanitarian action News and events related to development assistance and emergency humanitarian action Climate and environment	Conserve and use the oceans, seas and marine resources in a sustainable manner to achieve sustainable development It is the world's oceans - its temperature, its chemistry, its currents, life in it - that stand behind the global systems that make the Earth fit for the habitat of mankind. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and for facing the impacts of climate change. More than three billion people depend on marine and coastal biological diversity for their livelihoods. Today, however, we are witnessing an overexploitation of 30 percent of the world's fish wealth, which is much higher than the level at which sustainable returns can be produced.	Civil society organization
13	University of Plymouth	United Kingdom	Commercial fisheries are critically dependent on healthy functioning marine ecosystems (inside and outside Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), with many of the features of conservation interest (within MPAs) vital in supporting fish and shellfish during essential life history stages. Fishing often overlaps with MPAs and, in many instances, predates their designation. In many areas across the world the systematic conservation of marine ecosystems and the management of fisheries have developed along separate paths despite the obvious synergies. There are opportunities to co- develop ecosystem based fisheries management (EFBM) that integrate MPAs as critical components. ‘Low impact’ fisheries brands that are recognised by the market will enable small-scale fishers to access higher value markets. Rees, S. E., et al. (2020). "Emerging themes to support ambitious UK marine biodiversity conservation." Marine Policy: 103864.	Strong, linked frameworks for biodiversity protection and fisheries management that recognizes that critical fish/shellfish habitat are also features of conservation interest. Reassessment of the current measurement of fisheries allocation, based on stock assessments and historic national catches (relative stability). Appropriate definitions of ‘significant adverse impact’. Integrated stock methodology (supported by healthy functioning marine ecosystems). An arbitration mechanism that mirrors the societal desire for fish and shellfish along with ‘clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas’. Wider adoption of flexible schemes through management using the principle of subsidiarity. Such a system requires a presumption in favor of conservation and precaution in recognition that healthy functioning marine ecosystems support the long-term sustainability of fisheries.	The Lyme Bay MPA fisher-science partnership- a well-managed marine protected area, low-impact artisanal fishing methods, a ‘Reserve Seafood’ market brand. Research is used to monitor change, measure social and ecological impact and adapt management. https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/marine-conservation-research-group/return The North Devon Marine Pioneer - Fisheries, Science and Management Partnership https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/marine-conservation-research-group/a-natural-capital-plan-for-the-north-devon-marine-pioneer https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/marinepioneer.html The SCILL-E Project (Site Classification to Inform Sustainable Lives and Livelihoods for Fisheries and Ecosystems)- Developing the underpinning social and economic research with local fishermen https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/marine-conservation-research-group/the-scill-e-project-site-classification-to-inform-sustainable-lives-and-livelihoods-for-fisheries-and-ecosystems Sole of Discretion- Developing criteria for a market standard ‘low impact’ brand. https://soleofdiscretion.co.uk/	Strong, linked frameworks for biodiversity protection and fisheries management that recognizes that critical fish/shellfish habitat are also features of conservation interest. Reassessment of the current measurement of fisheries allocation, based on stock assessments and historic national catches (relative stability). Appropriate definitions of ‘significant adverse impact’. Integrated stock methodology (supported by healthy functioning marine ecosystems). An arbitration mechanism that mirrors the societal desire for fish and shellfish along with ‘clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas’. Wider adoption of flexible schemes through management using the principle of subsidiarity. Such a system requires a presumption in favor of conservation and precaution in recognition that healthy functioning marine ecosystems support the long-term sustainability of fisheries.	Academic institution
14	The Danish Institute for Human Rights	Denmark	Main risk: Small scale-fishers and fish workers are the ones suffering the most from weak regulations and decline in fish stocks. Their human rights, such as the right to food and to an adequate standard of living of is directly dependent on access to marine resources and markets. They often live in remote areas with no or limited alternative livelihood opportunities. Restrictions in their access to marine resources and markets increase poverty and denial of their fundamental economic, social and cultural rights. Main opportunity: Applying international human rights law and promoting a human rights-based approach (HRBA). This makes it evident that States must develop fisheries laws, policies, plans and projects that contribute to respecting, protecting and fulfilling human rights. E.g. securing access for small-scale fishers and fish workers to marine resources and markets, providing social security protection and delivering essential services and ensuring equitable benefits.	Fisheries regulation, polices and programmes must promote a human rights-based approach and be aligned with international human rights law. The sectors must help fulfil human rights. Give small-scale fishers and fish workers preferential treatment in access marine resources and markets. Ensure equality and non-discrimination in access and tenure rights to give opportunities for women and youth. National Human Rights Institutions and NGOs must help educate fishing communities about their human rights and support them in seeking access to remedy for human rights violations. Fishing communities must know and claim their human rights, such as their right to food, housing, health, to an adequate standard of living and the right to decent work. Companies must respect human rights and exercise human rights due diligence. They need practical guidance on how to translate human rights and sustainable development concerns into concrete actions and business incentives.	To document and show the human rights implications in the sectors, the Danish Institute for Human Rights facilitates the conduct of Sector Wide Impact Assessments in Bangladesh and Chile and analyses in Africa. Based on the findings, the Institute and our partners will produce recommendations and tools that small-scale fishers, National Human Rights Institutions, State institutions and the private sector can use to promote, protect and fulfil human rights in the sectors as well as to ensure the a human rights-based approach to implementation of SDG 14.b. Further info https://www.humanrights.dk/news/sustainable-oceans-cannot-be-achieved-without-human-rights and here https://www.humanrights.dk/projects/promoting-human-rights-fisheries-aquaculture	Fisheries regulation, policies and programmes must promote a human rights-based approach and be aligned with international human rights law. E.g. the right decent work, the right to adequate livelihood, health, food and the right social security, and right to access to information and to participate in decision-making. States and companies must ensure access to effective remedy and should comply with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights. Companies should make grievance mechanisms available to directly remediate and address violations. Initiatives on IUU fishing must build on and comply with the SSF Guidelines. The SSF Guidelines contextualise how to promote and protect human rights in the sector. Need for research on human rights impact of other sectors on small-scale fishers’ human rights National Human Rights Institutions can use their mandate to promote and protect human rights of small-scale fishers and workers.	National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)
15	International Whaling Commission	United Kingdom	Bycatch of threatened and protected species. Lack of adequate monitoring and reporting Inadequate fisheries management and bycatch mitigation programmes. Gillnets are known to be particularly problematic for causing bycatch of multiple taxa such as cetaceans, seabirds and turtles and sharks. Few technical solutions exist to make this gear less risky. Fishers are not incentivized to switch gears or to use mitigation and enforcement is poorly implemented generally. Opportunities: bycatch mitigation research for multiple taxa, adopting a sensory ecology approach. Implementation of plans of action for bycatch and utilise technical guidelines, as developed by the FAO. Engagement with fishers to test low-tech, low cost mitigation, or trial gear switching which could improve their sustainability and improve access to fisheries markets at both national and international level. Include bycatch reduction programmes in eco-labelling programmes and fisheries improvement projects.	Gaps in knowledge could be addressed through low-cost remote monitoring programmes, crew-based observer schemes, and incentivising communities to record bycatch events. Local, national and regional bycatch risk assessments are needed for multiple threatened and protected taxa. Improved reporting of bycatch information by countries to regional fisheries management bodies and other inter-governmental bodies. Streamlining and coordination of data reporting and analysis between IGOs. Research programmes on potential bycatch mitigation with trials in multiple countries looking at the impacts on multiple taxa - emphasis on low-tech and low-cost solutions. Compliance and enforcement programmes are required at national level. Market-based approaches to bycatch reduction should be promoted. This could include Fisheries Improvement Projects, access to eco-labels etc. There is an urgent need for a more sustainable funding model for ongoing work on this issue.	International Whaling Commission – Bycatch Mitigation Initiative https://iwc.int/bycatch BirdLife International – Marine Programme and Albatross Task Force http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/programme-additional-info/marine-ending-seabird-bycatch Agreement on the Conservation of Albatross and Petrels https://www.acap.aq/en/resources/bycatch-mitigation/mitigation-advice WWF International https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/bycatch International Pole and Line Foundation http://ipnlf.org/ Global Fishing Watch	That governments: Establish or strengthen bycatch assessment and reduction programmes as a matter of urgency, with priority on bycatch hotspots areas identified. Identify bycatch hotspots based on the best available information and prioritise efforts with the associated fisheries. Immediate efforts be undertaken to address bycatch of highly threatened species. Research and development of low-cost bycatch mitigation and monitoring solutions.T integrate collection of economic data to be collected and analysed alongside bycatch information. Engage in trialling REM approaches for bycatch monitoring. Raise the profile of bycatch of threatened and protected species and promote bycatch reduction efforts within the context of RFMOs.That bycatch reduction efforts employ a multi-disciplinary and multi-taxa approach at local, national and international scales. Explore means of more consistent and sustainable approaches for funding of bycatch mitigation efforts.	Inter-governmental organisation
16	Bracenet GmbH	Germany		Healthy Seas and Enaleia school for fishermen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipR3O8qnRXY	Healthy Seas and Enaleia school for fishermen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipR3O8qnRXY		Private sector
17	Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)	United States		WCS works with coastal communities throughout the world to ensure that nearshore, coastal fisheries are sustainable through improved knowledge, sound management, and development of alternative livelihoods where appropriate. The countries where WCS works produce, in aggregate, over 20% of global fish catch, and support the super-majority of poor small-scale coastal fishers.		WCS would like to express our approval for the explicit inclusion of an Interactive Dialogue on small-scale, artisanal fisheries, and we would urge Member States to reflect during the Conference on how to improve the uptake and implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (the SSF Guidelines) at appropriate scales, including through new and additional voluntary commitments and other bilateral or multilateral initiatives.	Civil society organization
18	Asabe Shehu Yar'adua Foundation (ASYARFS)	United States,Nigeria,Ghana and Germany	Declining fish stocks, Competition from other sectors, Weak representation	Food Safety, Technical and sustainanbilitY Standards	UNEP-UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM FAO-Food and agriculture organization USAID- United states agency for international development	The adoption of an ecosystem-based approach for fisheries management The adoption of risk-averse precautionary approaches in the face of uncertainty. Establishment of marine protected areas and research	Civil society organization
19	Environmental Defense Fund	United States	The single greatest threat to sustainable fisheries globally is climate change. The challenges posed by climate change to our fishery systems, which disproportionately affect small-scale fishing communities, are unprecedented and require urgent action. However, climate change also creates an opportunity to drastically transform the way we govern and manage fisheries. Research indicates that implementing climate-resilient fisheries management measures can make the vast majority of fisheries around the world better off than they would be under BAU management, and make many fisheries better off than they are today by the end of the century (Gaines et al., 2018; Burden and Fujita, 2019; Free et al., 2020). Even for regions that are projected to experience net losses in fishery productivity over the long-term with climate change, fishery management reforms can provide critical improvements to system health, fishery outputs, and the resilience of the people dependent on these systems.	There are five key pathways to overcome these challenges (https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/Climate_Pathways_Report.pdf): 1. Implementing and building capacity to support best practices in sustainable fisheries management and governance, including: -Meaningfully participatory and adaptive management. -Secure, exclusive tenure rights that are allocated and managed based on community goals. -Science-based catch limits and harvest control rules, including data-limited methodologies where appropriate. 2. Implementing forward-looking management goals and methodologies that consider likely impacts of climate change. 3. Developing and strengthening international agreements and institutions to ensure stocks are sustainably managed as their ranges shift. 4. Building holistic system resilience generally, and specifically to climate change. 5. Ensuring all resource management decisions are guided and driven by the principles of equity and fairness.	1. Implementation partnerships: -New nationwide system of participatory, rights-based Managed Access Areas in Belize. (https://www.edf.org/oceans/fishing-rights-helped-curb-overfishing-belize). -Learning Networks to increase knowledge transfer between SSF communities in Spain (http://www.comprometidosconelmar.com/es), Chile (https://www.rdapescachile.com/) and Madagascar (https://mihari-network.org). -New partnership between Peru, Chile and Ecuador to enable more sustainable, climate-resilient management of shared stocks (http://blogs.edf.org/edfish/2019/09/18/a-multinational-plan-for-climate-resilient-fisheries-in-the-humboldt-current). 2. Research partnerships to catalyze solution development, such as the Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP) Working Group on Climate Resilient Fisheries (https://snappartnership.net/teams/climate-resilient-fisheries). 3. Inter-organizational partnerships to scale solutions, such as the Small-Scale Fishery Resource Hub being developed in support of FAO’s Global Strategic Framework to facilitate implementation of the SSF Guidelines (http://www.fao.org/voluntary-guidelines-small-scale-fisheries/news-and-events/detail/en/c/1252881).	1. Ensure existing and new fishery systems are climate-resilient by: -Implementing best practices in fishery management -Ensuring management is forward-looking and flexible -Developing effective transboundary agreements to ensure the sustainable management of shifting stocks -Building holistic system resilience -Ensuring all decisions and actions are guided by the principles of equity and fairness 2. Implement the provisions of the SSF Guidelines, including: -Create/strengthen governance systems using participatory and co-management processes -Grant SSFs secure tenure and adopt rights-based approaches -Improve the scientific foundation for management by using adaptive, precautionary methods 3. Support fishery leadership and capacity enhancement activities. 4. Enhance finance and supply chain mechanisms (and supplementary livelihoods) to support fishers through transitions. 5. Incorporate management approaches to address food and nutrition security and achievement of the UN SDGs.	Civil society organization
20	AXA XL on behalf of the Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA)	United Kingdom	Fishing communities often operate in the informal sector, unable to access banking facilities for savings. After major events, such as cyclones, small-scale fishers have limited options for recouping their losses and either spend their savings or turn to the informal economy to get loans. This leads to fishers being indebted through predatory loans or contracts with boat owners. Fishers are then pressured to increase their fish catch in order to repay loans and generate income. This creates a cycle of overfishing which causes long-term financial losses, creating a poverty trap for fishers. This poverty trap drives social and economic instability and stands in the way of effective fisheries management. By improving access to financial services and reducing reliance on informal debt, fishers can escape this poverty trap and become more resilient in the face of economic losses and natural disasters. This reduces the need to overfish and encourages long-term sustainable use of fisheries.	Financial resilience is a key component of increasing the adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing communities. Financial resilience can help fishers escape poverty traps, decrease their need to overfish, and remove a key barrier to effective management, leading to healthier and more climate-resilient fisheries. It can also make fishers more resilient to climate-related weather events and longer-term shifts in species distribution and abundance. To increase financial resilience, small-scale fishers should receive financial literacy training and community savings programmes should be designed to enable fishing households to save, invest, and establish social protections through emergency funds. Developing scalable insurance products for small-scale fishers will also be essential to help them recoup losses after natural disaster events.	ORRAA is working with Rare to develop a financial inclusion program for coastal fishing communities in Honduras and Guatemala. The project will engage with private sector Alliance members to develop and deliver appropriate financial services, such as loans, savings and insurance amongst 30 coastal communities and 1000 households. It will be integrated into Rare’s ongoing fisher engagement strategies in the region and learn from and inform similar work that Rare is undertaking in the Philippines. As a result, this project could offer scalable solutions to deploy similar programs that help vulnerable coastal communities adapt to change around the world. In addition, ORRAA with Rare is partnering with Willis Towers Watson to design and pilot an innovative and appropriately tailored insurance product for coastal fishers in the Philippines, as a complement to other financial inclusion activities, with the goal of testing and scaling it in additional countries and regions.	-Increase financial literacy among small-scale fishers which will help fishers build capacity to create household budgets and business plans -Increase ocean literacy among small-scale fishers to increase their understanding of the importance of sustainable fisheries management -Develop and deliver appropriate insurance products tailored for fishers, buyers and members of the fishing community to help them recoup losses after natural disaster events - Improve availability of data on the small-scale fishing sector to reduce uncertainty for investors. This will help increase private sector investment and help fishers access financial services, such as formal loans with banks and insurance - Support businesses owned by community members that fill community needs - Introduce savings clubs with a communal emergency fund to help fishers capture and retain income, extend financial planning horizons, provide avenues for investment into assets, and build a buffer against shocks and uncertainty.	Private sector
21	CESAM - University of Aveiro	Portugal	- Foster the mariculture of non-fed species (seaweeds and bivalves). - Active open access, technology and data sharing, as well as capacity building - Active open access, technology and data sharing, as well as capacity building - Effective cooperation between natural and social sciences - Lack of a ‘common language’ for inter- and trans-disciplinary understanding.	- Promote the integration of marine food webs dynamics knowledge in adaptive fisheries management (Target 14.2) - Promote seaweed aquaculture as a complementary way for blue carbon sequestration (Target 14.3) promote research on the human dimensions small-scale artisanal fisheries; identify and promote research about small-scale fisheries markets and value chain (Target 14.B) - Promote the use of geographic origin traceability tools to fight IUU (Illegal, unreported and unregulated) fisheries (Target 14.4) - Measure the impact of the displacement of efforts due to the implementation of area-based conservation measures on achieving general conservation targets; involve and empower resource-users (Target 14.5)	TBTI partnership - http://toobigtoignore.net/	- Include sustainable aquaculture - Ways to promote ocean literacy and educate consumers about sustainable production; - - -- - Promote research on small-scale fisheries markets and value chain, a common framework to indentify and map these traceability of SSF products	Academic institution
22	BirdLife International	United Kingdom	Fish is a major component of marine biodiversity, but populations are mostly managed for commercial fisheries purposes. Fisheries management practices are yet falling short in adopting an ecosystem approach. An indication is the high level of by-catch of non-fish species, including critically endangered species of seabirds, one of the most threatened groups of birds. Threats they face include incidental mortality (bycatch) in both large and small scale fisheries (in longline, gillnets, trawling), and overfishing. Depletion of food sources is a significant cause of population declines of many seabird species. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations and some national fisheries bodies have adopted regulations that seek to minimize bycatch. The challenge, however, is ensuring practical implementation of the measures and compliance with the regulations, which requires industry-specific solutions and support to ensure validity of the measures and avoid cross-taxa effects.	- Adoption of technological standards (e.g. gear regulations, closed areas and seasons) and performance standards (e.g. economic incentives, bycatch quotas and credits, real-time incentives, and conservatory offsets) and the latter may facilitate effective cost-effective bycatch reduction. - Discard management or bird scaring lines on trawl vessels and hook-shielding devices in pelagic longline vessels can be effective. These measures used in combination are most effective, including night setting, bird-scaring lines and weighted branch lines for longline vessels. - Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) and the use of on-board observers is increasing, improving information in bycatch levels and fates. - Marked-based solutions such as certification of fisheries can significantly improve the process. - Tackling overfishing may involve the creation of Marine Protected Areas, including no-take zones (seasonal or permanent).	BirdLife Intertational, a Global Partnership of 150 national conservation organizations, use scientific research and new technologies to identify solutions, including by working with fisheries across the world to prevent by-catch of seabirds and other marine animals and support a more sustainable fisheries activity. Using seabird tracking data overlapping with fishing efforts, BirdLife identifies the areas in the oceans that seabirds are likely to be at most risk from by-catch. Our tracking database holds over 23,000 individual tracks from 119 seabird species, comprising some 12 million data points. The data were collected by over 190 contributors from 30 countries, making it one of the largest marine conservation collaborations in the world. BirdLife works with the world’s five tuna RFMOs whose fisheries overlap with 80% of the world’s albatross distribution. These now require their longline vessels to use seabird by-catch prevention measures in key areas.	- Investment in research and technological innovation on practices and tools that reduce by-catch of non-fish species in fisheries operations. - The use of monitoring, surveillance and control mechanisms in fisheries. - Economic solutions for halting harmful subsidies for fisheries and the creation of positive ones.	Civil society organization
23	Ocean Decade Heritage Network (ODHN)	UK	The main challenge we would like to flag is the erosion of heritage and cultural traditions in small scale fishing communities, including pressure on access to traditional fishing grounds, traditional landing places, on the maintenance of traditional boats and boat-building, and on the tangible and intangible heritage of small scale fishing in communities in both developed and developing countries. Heritage is critical to the identity, cohesion and sustainability of fishing communities but rarely receives direct attention or support. The principal opportunity is to recognise the value of heritage to the future of small scale fisheries, both to encourage sustainable fishing informed by traditional knowledge and practices, and to encourage the social and economic resilience of communities.	There is an urgent need to collate evidence about the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of small scale fisheries around the world, to safeguard knowledge of traditional fishing grounds, landing places, boat-building and fishing methods that are in danger of being lost through generational change. Research is needed into how traditional small scale fisheries maintained their sustainability, to include the identification of traditional fisheries management methods that could inform future management. Work is also required on the use of cultural heritage in establishing 'brand identity' in the market place, to distinguish the products of traditional small scale fishing so as to encourage sustainable growth and a better return to the community.	Bahari Yetu, Urithi Wetu (https://risingfromthedepths.com/bahari-yetu-urithi-wetu/)	Recommendation 1: The UN Ocean Conference should explicitly acknowledge the importance of - and threat to - the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of small scale fisheries across the globe. Recommendation 2: The UN Ocean Conference should initiate an urgent programme of concerted action to record and safeguard cultural heritage relating to traditional small scale fisheries. Recommendation 3: The UN Ocean Conference should encourage government agencies, NGOs and philanthropic bodies to support the use of cultural heritage in developing the distinctive identities of sustainable small scale fisheries, to grow their market share and to increase the return of economic benefits from fishing to those communities.	Scientific community
24	Conservation International	US	o Key Challenge: Driving market incentives in such a way that empowers small-scale fishers and reduces vulnerability and susceptibility to external pressures. Majority of current market approaches in fisheries reform rely on the purchasing power of US and European economies, and thus primarily engage export-oriented or developed country fisheries. By narrowly focusing on export market fisheries, there are many missed funding and financing opportunities for driving improvements in global fisheries o Key Opportunity: Developing relationships among producers and value-aligned buyers that can support livelihoods and sustainable production practices in small-scale fisheries., SSF needs to be fully engaged in the sustainability solutions space by NGOs, funders, governments, and seafood supply chains. Securing healthy small-scale fisheries has the potential to address both sustainability and development challenges around the world	o Stronger governance regimes that promote sustainable production practices o Developing local and regional markets for small-scale fisheries products that reduce fishers’ reliance on, and vulnerability to, export or commodity markets	o Conservation International (CI) and Ocean Outcomes (O2) have developed a partnership focused on triple-impact (social, environmental, economic) community—led Fisheries Improvement Projects. CI supports a network of more than 26 small-scale fisheries initiatives in 12 countries, which the triple-impact FIP model is driving positive social, environmental, and economic outcomes through market incentives, effective governance, and capacity development. o The Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solutions is a coalition of 40+ non-profit organizations that work on sustainable seafood. This organization (www.solutionsforseafood.com) is a key promoter of sustainable fisheries and works in an aligned way with the private sector to drive sustainable sourcing and market-based initiatives.	o Developing local and regional markets for small-scale fisheries products that reduce fishers’ reliance on, and vulnerability to, export or commodity markets. o Fisher-focused technologies that empower producers to develop, store, and distribute information and products in the marketplace o Reduction of IUU fishing in key areas that are critically important for SSF fisher livelihoods and where IUU is threatening human security o Development of national and regional agreements and programs to support SSF sustainability initiatives. o Interdisciplinary Science to Inform Improvement: Apply innovative and interdisciplinary assessment methodologies, to understand ecological, economic, and social conditions within community fisheries, and identify existing information gaps o Building Community Capacity to be prepared to participate sustainably in the blue economy. o Aligning Incentivizes for Sustainable Harvesting: Incentives and innovation are key to this transformation	Civil society organization
25	Coastal Students Cultural Forum - CSCF	India	There are many indigenous fisher folk communities in India adopt sustainable fishing practices and livelihood in India especially small scale fishers. They are not getting much encouragement or support from Governments, government departments, media and other agencies for their sustainable production. Indigenous fishing practices like hook and line fishing conserve sustainable fishing practices. They avoid ghost net issues and other destructive fishing practices. Investors and established business people occupy this traditional resources and customary rights of fisher folk and promote destructive fishing practices such as bottom trawling and over fishing- industrial fishing. Their large production is approved and promoted and media given much attention. Indigenous fishers are forced to adopt these measures to gain social approval ad government attention as well as meeting the increasing demands. Lack of control over harbour and port related dredging which destroy marine habitats	Sustainable fishing production should be promoted and encouraged with positive incentives like introducing "blue benefits". Unsustainable and destructive practices in the form of fishing and harbour/port expansion must be taxed and penalised according to their destructive contributions- "blue tax" or "destructive levy" should be introduced in the form of "carbon tax" or "green tax". FAO tenure rights for small scale fishers must be enforced and international community and organisations should operate as a watchdogs. UN Resolution on the Rights of Indigenous people must be also made applicable to ocean resources too. Denying access to small scale fishers in their traditional or customary lands or natural resources should be put into the attention of legal proceedings (internationally). Document or make list of sustainable fishing practices and unsustainable fishing practices Frequent monitoring of fishing practices with help of indigenous fisher folks is needed.	Coastal Students Cultural Forum is working with indigenous coastal communities to maintain the sustainable fishing practices and mainstreaming the such practices to make aware of land based governments and public. Ocean literacy programmes with the collaboration with schools and colleges are conducted to mainstream the contributions of small scale fishers to the society and promoting sustainable consumption of seafood. Working with the local police or marine enforcement and coastal policy to monitor the unlawful fishing practices. A village community in Trivandrum, Kerala India came forward and report such practices to the local police. However, the police are pressurised by the local politicians and people in power. Working collaboratively with scientific communities to develop a system of increasing ocean sustainability through the documentation of existing coastal and marine bio-diversities and develop artificial reef constructions to increase the productivity. Working with media to report destructive fishing practices in the ocean. Sri Lankan fishermen are another example who work with Indian fishermen not to follow destructive practices.	1. Tenure rights as maintained by FAO for small scale fisheries must be discussed and given further enforcement by member states of the UN. 2. Indigenous and customary rights of traditional coastal communities should be given wider publicity and recommend member states to take appropriate actions to protect the livelihood and ocean sustainability. 3. Protected biodiversity areas should be identified and appropriate provisions should be made. 4. Police, media and other respective people should work closely with the indigenous local communities to promote sustainable practices. 5. Appropriate support mechanisms for sustainable practices and appropriate punishment systems for destructive practices on the ocean.	Civil society organization
26	Comunidad y Biodiversidad	Mexico	States at a general level have not given due importance and need to communicate their relevance. In Mexico and in Latin America- Caribbean context, there is important challenges regarding the quality and health of the product, which does not allow competing in international markets. Recognizing good practices of fishers for encourage continuation. The vision of the fisher from worker to entrepreneur must be promoted. Recognize that the added value of products is important, but currently depends on the species and the market. In addition, it should be clarified that the added value is to put the product with quality in the market (complete and fresh fish) and not all the added value is “filleting”. Defining the structure of the value chain in the SSF (greater gain in monopsonic structures).	Financial support for training and capacity building regarding good management practices, sanitary maintenance, resource transformation, commercialization. Ensuring and guarantee fishing rights for SFF by law and public policies. Adopting a blue justice perspective when addressing access to resources and tenure of SFF. Promotion of denomination of origin, recognize the history of the resource. Consideration of ECOGOURMET programs and Wok restaurants. Fishermen's income analysis. Encourage product quality and price Consideration on traceability concept Impact of international trade on the SSF	Partnership with the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity in Mexico (CONABIO): to create a sustainable fisheries scorecard and a digital platform to support consumers making better decisions when buying fish and seafood in Mexico. The slogan of the tool is “knowing them, better taste” (conociendolos saben mejor). to create a sustainable consumption scorecard for Mexican fisheries. The scorecard follows several criteria (ecological footprint, stock and protection status, presence/absence of closed seasons, and fishing method selectivity, conservation status according NOM 059, CITES and IUCN Red List). Link here: http://enciclovida.mx/peces As part of a Fishery Improvement Project (FIP), cooperative Mojarra del Arrecife with the clam fishery in Puerto Libertad(Gulf of California Mexico) has become a national example of clams fisheries management, while connecting to an specialized restaurant in Mexico City that that promotes sustainable products.	Promotion of financial support for training and capacity building regarding good management practices, sanitary maintenance, resource transformation, commercialization. Adoption of FAO’s Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SFFG), as guiding instrument for public policies regarding SSF. Adopting a blue justice perspective when addressing access to resources and tenure of SFF.	Civil society organization
27	Ocean Policy Research Institute of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation	Japan	Coastal and marine ecosystem degradation, deficient fishery resource management, constrained compliance and enforcement mechanism, limited access to finance and technology,	To pursue and effectively implement nature-based solutions that help conserving and sustainably use marine and coastal resources, mitigating climate change, adapting to the impacts of climate change and enhancing the resilience to natural disasters and environmental changes while promoting the integrated approach that addresses the nexus and mutual interface of ocean, land, atmosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere .	Networking to support stakeholders involved in fisheries and aquaculture.	To support community based natural resource management and community empowerment for sustainable fishery, aquaculture, ecotourism and community development, promote the effective implementation of multiple policy measures including marine surveillance, satellite data, port state measures and certificates and labels and other information measures demonstrating tractability and sustainability.	Scientific community
28	Marine Stewardship Council	Spain	Challenges for small-scale artisanal fishers (SSF): - In a significant number of cases, SSFs operate on non-priority species that lack of formal quantitative stock assessments and data collection frameworks.. This hinders the monitoring and enforcement. - Lack of collaboration and structure and lack of direct communication to scientific institutions and administrations in charge of management. - Lack of knowledge on supply chain channels and market strategy Opportunities: - A proper analysis of the weaknesses and strengths of SSF regarding sustainability provides the fishermen and stakeholders with a better understanding of their fishery and possibility to take action to protect the marine resources. - Sustainable management reinforce collaboration and exchange of information of the different actors in the same fishery. - Sustainable SSF reinforce the position of the fishery in the market and increase the income, food security and long-term feasibility of their activities.	Information: Invest in science. Enable tools to assess data deficient fisheries. Undertake a diagnosis of the fishery regarding sustainability . Pre-assessment against the MSC Standard is a very efficient way to do this analysis through a set of scientific based indicators. MSC has also developed a tool that allows a qualitative assessment of data poor fisheries: the Risk-Based Framework. The framework relies on information available and information collected in workshops with fishery stakeholders Structure and collaboration: capacity building in the producer’s organization including managers, scientists, consultants and other stakeholders. Road maps to sustainability: participatory definition and implementation of action plans . Promote certification towards MSC standard as a tool to protect healthy stocks, reduced environmental impact and socioeconomic benefits. Market: Facilitate sustainability certification for SSF to reinforce their position in the market.	There are currently 62 small scale fisheries in the MSC program from 22 countries. A recent report explains how MSC program approach SSF, tools available and example of cases of certified SSF (https://www.msc.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/what-we-are-doing/msc-small-scale-fisheries-report-2019.pdf ) MSC also has developed an innovative approach to generate systematic changes involving multiple fisheries and stakeholders in a specific region. This approach is called “Pathway to sustainability”. The process starts mapping all fisheries in a given area, which subsequently allows the selection of a number of fisheries for Pre-assessment. After through participatory workshops the stakeholders develop an action plan to address the sustainability weaknesses. A third phase is the implementation of the action plan and depending on the status of the fishery advance towards higher levels of sustainability and, ideally, MSC certification. As an example, this approach is being implemented in the Mediterranean Sea (Medfish Project and BluFish Project ), involving small and medium size fisheries from Spain, France and Italy.	- Invest in scientific information - Implementation of Data Poor Fisheries tools - Reinforce capacity building in the regions - Reinforce management strategy, surveillance and monitoring and data collection - Develop regional approach like Pathway to Sustainability MSC projects to promote systematic changes in the water - Support the development of digital tools to assure the information is available - Develop demand for sustainable seafood to rewards SSF committed to sustainability - Develop market/supply chain studies for SSFs as well as business models to assure financial viability of their investment in sustainability.	Civil society organization
29	Ocean Unite	International	To sustainably manage the world’s ﬁsheries and safeguard the livelihoods they support, we must stop overﬁshing and destructive ﬁshing and also protect and restore threatened and endangered species, habitats and ecological functions. Furthermore, we need to support and empower coastal people.	In compliance with their free, prior and informed consent, ensure full and eﬀective participation of local coastal communities, Indigenous peoples and small-scale ﬁshers and ﬁshworkers, especially women and youth, in the governance and management of biodiversity and natural resources. Promote food security and poverty eradication through the immediate implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries. Recognize, protect and secure legitimate tenure rights to marine resources important for livelihoods and sociocultural wellbeing. Within territorial seas, prioritize access for sustainable small-scale ﬁshing, prevent industrial threats, and recognize and promote community-based management. Recognize the critical importance of ancestral, Indigenous and local knowledge and ensure it is incorporated in decision-making	RISE UP - a blue call to action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ RISE UP at the time of writing is supported by approx. 130 organisations worldwide and constitutes a plan of action that will restore ocean health	Urgently restore depleted ﬁsheries and sensitive habitats (such as coral reefs), and protect threatened and endangered species. Within territorial seas, prioritize access for sustainable small-scale ﬁshing, prevent industrial threats, and recognize and promote community-based management. Prohibit damaging ﬁshing, such as destructive bottom-trawling and blast ﬁshing, and promote gears and techniques that minimize the catch of non-target species. Prohibit new or expanded exploitation of krill, mesopelagic and deep-sea species. Ensure transparency in all ﬁsheries through the collection and public disclosure of information such as registration, catch, vessel tracking, licensing and other data, to deter illegal and unreported ﬁshing, prevent human rights abuses, improve decision-making and combat corruption. Adopt registration, licensing and monitoring systems to address unregulated ﬁsheries.	Civil society organization
30	Oceano Azul Foundation	Portugal	We must sustainably manage the world’s fisheries and safeguard the livelihoods they support; stop overfishing and destructive fishing; and protect and restore threatened and endangered species, habitats and ecological functions.	● In compliance with their free, prior and informed consent, ensure full and effective participation in the governance and management of biodiversity and natural resources. ● Promote food security and poverty eradication through the immediate implementation of the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries. ● Recognize, protect and secure legitimate tenure rights to marine resources important for livelihoods and sociocultural wellbeing. ● Recognize the critical importance of ancestral, Indigenous and local knowledge and ensure it is incorporated in decision-making	RISE UP - a blue call to action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ RISE UP at the time of writing is supported by approx. 130 organisations worldwide and constitutes a plan of action that will restore ocean health	● Urgently restore depleted fisheries and sensitive habitats (such as coral reefs), and protect threatened and endangered species. ● Within territorial seas, prioritize access for sustainable small-scale fishing, prevent industrial threats, and recognize and promote community-based management. ● Prohibit damaging fishing, such as destructive bottom-trawling and blast fishing, and promote gears and techniques that minimize the catch of non-target species. ● Prohibit new or expanded exploitation of krill, mesopelagic and deep-sea species. ● Ensure transparency in all fisheries through the collection and public disclosure of information such as registration, catch, vessel tracking, licensing and other data, to deter illegal and unreported fishing, prevent human rights abuses, improve decision-making and combat corruption. ● Adopt registration, licensing and monitoring systems to address unregulated fisheries.	Civil society organization
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