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NOAbbreviationTermDomainDiscipline/ Associated DomainsAppeared In
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1Language BindingComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] In programming and software design, binding is an application programming interface (API) that provides glue code specifically made to allow a programming language to use a foreign library or operating system service (one that is not native to that language).[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_binding
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2PythonComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)
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3CComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] C (pronounced /ˈsiː/ – like the letter c) is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. [Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
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4C++Computer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] C++ is a high-level general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup and first released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, or "C with Classes". [Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B
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5C#Computer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] C# is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)
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6InternetComputer ScienceInfrastructure and Network[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] The Internet (or internet) is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. [Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
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7HTMLHyperText Markup LanguageComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML
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8CSSCascading Style SheetsComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS
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9JSJavascriptComputer ScienceProgramming[Wikipedia] JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
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10CiscoCisco Systems, Inc.Technology CompanyDigital Communications Technology[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California.

Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products.

Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco
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11SOHOSmall Office and Home Office NetworksComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Geeks for Geeks] SOHO stands for Small Office and Home Office Networks. It allows computers in a home office or remote office to connect to a corporate network, or access centralized, shared resources. It is a LAN (local area network) mainly referred to as a business category involving a small number of workers usually from 01 to 10. [Geeks for Geeks] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-a-small-office-home-office-soho-network/
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12Centralized NetworkComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)] A network configuration where participants must communicate with a central authority to communicate with one another. Since all participants must go through a single centralized source, the loss of that source would prevent all participants from communicating.[National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)] https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/centralized_network
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13ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] ASCII abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of technical limitations of computer systems at the time it was invented,

ASCII has just 128 code points, of which only 95 are printable characters, which severely limited its scope.

All modern computer systems instead use Unicode, which has millions of code points, but the first 128 of these are the same as the ASCII set.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
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14BitComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit.

The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values.

These values are most commonly represented as either "1" or "0", but other representations such as true/false, yes/no, on/off, or +/− are also commonly used.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit
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15BandwidthComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.

Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)
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16KilobyteComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

The International System of Units (SI) defines the prefix kilo as 1000; per this definition, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilobyte
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17MegabyteComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

Its recommended unit symbol is MB. The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1000000 in the International System of Units (SI).

Therefore, one megabyte is one million bytes of information.

This definition has been incorporated into the International System of Quantities.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabyte
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18GigabyteComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

The prefix giga means 10 (to power of 9) in the International System of Units (SI).

Therefore, one gigabyte is one billion bytes.

The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte
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19ThroughputComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Wikipedia] Network throughput (or just throughput, when in context) refers to the rate of message delivery over a communication channel, such as Ethernet or packet radio, in a communication network.

The data that these messages contain may be delivered over physical or logical links, or through network nodes.

Throughput is usually measured in bits per second (bit/s or bps), and sometimes in data packets per second (p/s or pps) or data packets per time slot.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_throughput
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20Data LatencyComputer ScienceNetwork; Infrastructure; Data Engineering; Web Development; App Development; Business Intelligence;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33001FP Networking Fundamentals[Tech Target] Data latency is the time it takes for data packets to be stored or retrieved.

In business intelligence (BI), data latency is how long it takes for a business user to retrieve source data from a data warehouse or BI dashboard.		[Tech Target] https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/data-latency
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21Microsoft OfficeComputer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] Microsoft Office, or simply Office, is a discontinued family of client software, server software, and services developed by Microsoft.

Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, Object Linking and Embedding data integration and Visual Basic for Applications scripting language.

Microsoft also positions Office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the Office Business Applications brand.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office
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22ExcelMicrosoft ExcelComputer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel
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23Rows (Excel)Computer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wall Street Mojo] Rows are the horizontal lines in the worksheet.[Wall Street Mojo] https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/excel-rows-vs-columns
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24Columns (Excel)Computer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wall Street Mojo] Columns are the vertical lines in the worksheet.[Wall Street Mojo] https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/excel-rows-vs-columns
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25Ribbons (Excel)Computer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Java T Point] Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the top of the Excel window that allows you to find, understand and use commands for completing a certain task.

Excel ribbon is the primary interface that contains every command and feature. The Ribbon has multiple display options according to your preferences.

In Excel Ribbon, the buttons and icons are grouped into different tabs based on the category of their functionalities.

It contains seven tabs: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, and View.		[Java T Point] https://www.javatpoint.com/excel-ribbon-and-tabs
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26DataComputer ScienceData Science; Data Engineering; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Networking; Data Storage; Information Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] Data is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted. [Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data
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27Text FilesComputer ScienceData Science; Data Engineering; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Networking; Data Storage; Information Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] A text file (sometimes spelled textfile; an old alternative name is flatfile) is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text.

A text file exists stored as data within a computer file system.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file
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28CSVComma-Separated ValuesComputer ScienceData Compression; Data Compression; Data Science; Data Engineering; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Networking; Data Storage; Information Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values.

Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas.

The use of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format.

A CSV file typically stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, in which case each line will have the same number of fields.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values
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29DelimiterComputer ScienceNatural Language Processing (NLP); Programming; Data Compression; Data Compression; Data Science; Data Engineering; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Networking; Data Storage; Information Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Mr. Ho] In simple explanation, it is a text marker defined by a human to tell the computer where to break apart a string of text. Either with Excel (which has this feature) or you can code the instructions via programming language.

[Wikipedia] A delimiter is a sequence of one or more characters for specifying the boundary between separate, independent regions in plain text, mathematical expressions or other data streams.

An example of a delimiter is the comma character, which acts as a field delimiter in a sequence of comma-separated values.

Another example of a delimiter is the time gap used to separate letters and words in the transmission of Morse code.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delimiter
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30Power QueryComputer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets; Data ETL Tool;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Wikipedia] Power Query is an ETL (extract-transform-load) tool created by Microsoft for data extraction, loading and transformation, and is used to retrieve data from sources, process it, and load them into one or more target systems.

It is used for business intelligence on fully or partially self-service platforms.

It is found in software such as Excel, Power BI, Analysis Services, Dataverse, Power Apps, Azure Data Factory, SSIS, Dynamics 365, and in cloud services such as Microsoft Dataflows, including Power BI Dataflow used with the online Power BI Service or the somehwat more generic version of Microsoft Dataflow used with Power Automate.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Query
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31Table (Excel)Computer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets; [ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[Air Range] Excel Tables are containers for your data.

The definition as a table shows Excel that all the data in the columns and rows you have marked are related.		[Air Range] https://www.airrange.io/blog/excel-table-explained
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32Formula (Excel)Computer ScienceSoftware; Utility; Applications; Spreadsheets; [ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET DE33001FP Fundamentals of Data[W3 Schools] A formula in Excel is used to do mathematical calculations.

Formulas always start with the equal sign (=) typed in the cell, followed by your calculation.		[W3 Schools] https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_formulas.php
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33Windows (Microsoft)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. [Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows
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34OSOperating SystemComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] The Operating System (OS) boots the computer and manages the file system. Operating systems can support more than one user, task, or CPU.

[Wikipedia] An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.		[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/

[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
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35Disk Management (Microsoft)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Microsoft] Disk Management is a system utility in Windows for advanced storage operations. Here are some tasks you can complete with Disk Management:

- Set up a new drive. For more information, see Initialize new disks.

- Extend a volume into space that's not already part of a volume on the same drive. For more information, see Extend a basic volume.

- Shrink a partition, such as to enable extending into a neighboring partition. For more information, see Shrink a basic volume.

- Change a drive letter or assign a new drive letter. For more information, see Change a drive letter.		[Mircosoft] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/disk-management/overview-of-disk-management
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36Boot SequenceComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Techopedia] Boot sequence is the order in which a computer searches for nonvolatile data storage devices containing program code to load the operating system (OS).

Typically, a Macintosh structure uses ROM and Windows uses BIOS to start the boot sequence.

Once the instructions are found, the CPU takes control and loads the OS into system memory.		[Techopedia] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3326/boot-sequence
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37Registry Files (Windows)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database that stores low-level settings for the Microsoft Windows operating system and for applications that opt to use the registry...

The registry or Windows Registry contains information, settings, options, and other values for programs and hardware installed on all versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems. For example, when a program is installed, a new subkey containing settings such as a program's location, its version, and how to start the program, are all added to the Windows Registry.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry
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3832-bit32-bit ComputingComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In computer architecture, 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor, memory, and other major system components that operate on data in 32-bit units.

Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculations more efficiently and process more data per clock cycle.

Typical 32-bit personal computers also have a 32-bit address bus, permitting up to 4 GB of RAM to be accessed; far more than previous generations of system architecture allowed.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit_computing
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3964-bit64-bit ComputingComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In computer architecture, 64-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 64 bits wide.

Also, 64-bit CPUs and ALUs are those that are based on processor registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. A computer that uses such a processor is a 64-bit computer.

From the software perspective, 64-bit computing means the use of machine code with 64-bit virtual memory addresses.

However, not all 64-bit instruction sets support full 64-bit virtual memory addresses; x86-64 and ARMv8, for example, support only 48 bits of virtual address, with the remaining 16 bits of the virtual address required to be all 0's or all 1's, and several 64-bit instruction sets support fewer than 64 bits of physical memory address.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit_computing
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40Windows Pro (Microsoft)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[PC Gamer] Microsoft has offered a Pro version of Windows since the XP days, bringing with it additional features for power users that Home doesn’t offer.

While many of the extra features of Windows 10 Pro are clearly designed for business use, like group policy management and domain binding, there are other features that an enthusiast might not be able to live without.		[PC Gamer] https://www.pcgamer.com/whats-the-difference-between-windows-10-home-and-pro/
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41Windows Home (Microsoft)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[PC Gamer] For the majority of users, Windows 10 Home edition will suffice.

If you use your PC strictly for gaming, there is no benefit to stepping up to Pro.

The additional functionality of the Pro version is heavily focused on business and security, even for power users. 		[PC Gamer] https://www.pcgamer.com/whats-the-difference-between-windows-10-home-and-pro/
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42VirtualizationComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In computing, virtualization or virtualisation (sometimes abbreviated v12n, a numeronym) is the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something at the same abstraction level, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization
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43Path (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure.

Paths are used extensively in computer science to represent the directory/file relationships common in modern operating systems and are essential in the construction of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).

Resources can be represented by either absolute or relative paths.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)
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44EmulationComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system (called the guest).

An emulator typically enables the host system to run software or use peripheral devices designed for the guest system.

Emulation refers to the ability of a computer program in an electronic device to emulate (or imitate) another program or device. 		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator
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45Disk PartitioningComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] Disk partitioning or disk slicing is the creation of one or more regions on secondary storage, so that each region can be managed separately.

These regions are called partitions.

It is typically the first step of preparing a newly installed disk, before any file system is created.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning
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46Multi-user (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Two or more users have individual accounts that allow them to work with programs and peripheral devices at the same time.
[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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47Multitasking (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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48Multiprocessing (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] The operating system can support two or more CPUs.
[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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49Multithreading (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] A program can be broken into smaller parts that are loaded as needed by the operating system. Multithreading allows different parts of a program to be run at the same time.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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50Hardware (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the case, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware
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51Hardware Requirements aka System RequirementsComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or other software resources to be present on a computer.

These prerequisites are known as (computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule.

Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended. 		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_requirements
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52Hardware Compatibility ListComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] A hardware compatibility list (HCL) is a list of computer hardware (typically including many types of peripheral devices) that is compatible with a particular operating system or device management software.

In today's world, there is a vast amount of computer hardware in circulation, and many operating systems too.

A hardware compatibility list is a database of hardware models and their compatibility with a certain operating system.		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_compatibility_list
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53Hardware Architecture (Computing)Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Design;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In engineering, hardware architecture refers to the identification of a system's physical components and their interrelationships.

This description, often called a hardware design model, allows hardware designers to understand how their components fit into a system architecture and provides to software component designers important information needed for software development and integration.

Clear definition of a hardware architecture allows the various traditional engineering disciplines (e.g., electrical and mechanical engineering) to work more effectively together to develop and manufacture new machines, devices and components		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_architecture
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54RAMRandom-access Memory aka PC Memory aka Memory (Computing)Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Design;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Intel] RAM is a common computing acronym that stands for random-access memory.

Sometimes it’s called PC memory or just memory. In essence, RAM is your computer or laptop’s short-term memory.

It’s where the data is stored that your computer processor needs to run your applications and open your files.		[Intel] https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/tech-tips-and-tricks/computer-ram.html
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55USMTUser State Migration ToolComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] The User State Migration Tool (USMT) is a command line utility to simplify user state migration. [CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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56User State MigrationComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Adapted from LinkedIn Learning - Instructor Andrew Bettany] In certain situation where the infrastructure/backend engineer needs to migrate user profiles when working at scale (dealing with massive volume of similar work)

- the process is known as User State Migration and the tool utilised is User State Migration Tool.		[LinkedIn Learning - Instructor Andrew Bettany] https://www.linkedin.com/learning/microsoft-managing-modern-desktop-md-101-cert-prep-1-windows-deployment-updates-and-policies/user-state-migration-tool?autoplay=true
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57Data Storage (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[IBM] Data storage refers to magnetic, optical or mechanical media that records and preserves digital information for ongoing or future operations.[IBM] https://www.ibm.com/topics/data-storage
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58HDDDisk Drive (Computing) aka Hard Disk Drive (HDD) aka Hard Drive aka Hard Disk aka Fixed DiskComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk, is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces.

Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored and retrieved in any order. HDDs are a type of non-volatile storage, retaining stored data when powered off.

Modern HDDs are typically in the form of a small rectangular box. 		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive
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59SSDSolid-state Drive (Computing)Computer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Microsoft] Solid-state drives (SSDs) are the most common storage drives today.

SSDs are smaller and faster than hard disk drives (HDDs).

SSDs are noiseless and allow PCs to be thinner and more lightweight.		[Microsoft] https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/all-about-ssd-hdd-and-storage-types-9c6c7c59-7d1c-4611-9ba9-676d53cc0ff1
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60USBUniversal Serial Bus (USB) Drive aka USB Flash Drive aka Thumb Drive aka Memory StickComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] A USB flash drive (also called a thumb drive in the US, or a memory stick in the UK is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface.

It is typically removable, rewritable and much smaller than an optical disc. Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz).

Since first appearing on the market in late 2000, as with virtually all other computer memory devices, storage capacities have risen while prices have dropped. 		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive
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61MBRMaster Boot RecordComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] The MBR contains information on how the hard drive partitions are organized.

The MBR is 512 bytes long and contains the boot loader, an executable program that allows a user to choose from multiple operating systems.

MBR is commonly used in computers with BIOS-based firmware.
[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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62GPTGUID Partition TableComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Also designed as a partition table scheme standard for hard drives, the GPT makes use of a number of modern techniques to expand on the older MBR partitioning scheme.

GPT is commonly used in computers with UEFI firmware. 		[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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63UEFIUnified Extensible Firmware InterfaceComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] UEFI[a] (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a set of specifications written by the UEFI Forum.

They define the architecture of the platform firmware used for booting and its interface for interaction with the operating system.

UEFI replaces the BIOS which was present in the boot ROM of all personal computers that are IBM PC-compatible, although it can provide backwards compatibility with the BIOS using CSM booting.

Intel developed the original Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) specifications. 		[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI
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64BIOSBasic Input/Output System (BIOS) aka System BIOS aka ROM BIOS aka BIOS ROM aka PC BIOSComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Project Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[Wikipedia] In computing, BIOS (Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup)[Wikipedia] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS
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65Primary PartitionComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Contains the OS files and is usually the first partition.
[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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66Active PartitionComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] On MBR disks, the active aprtition is used to store and boot and OS.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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67Logical DriveComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] A section of an extended partition used to separate information for administrative purposes.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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68Basic DiskComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Contains partitions such as primary and extended, as well as logical drives.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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69Dynamic DiskComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Create volumes that span across more than one disk.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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70FormattingComputer Science; Computer EngineeringInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Electronics; Disks; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Creates a file system on a partition for file storage.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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71FAT32File Allocation Table, 32 BitComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; File System; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Used by Windows XP and earlier OS versions to supports partition sizes up to 2 TB or 2,048 GB.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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72NTFSNew Technology File SystemComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; File System; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes, in theory. NTFS incorporates file system security features and extended attributes. [CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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73FAT 64exFATComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; File System; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Created to address some of the limitations of FAT, FAT32, and NTFS when formatting USB flash drives, such as file size and directory size. One of the primary advantages of exFAT is that it can support files larger than 4GB.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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74CDFSCompact Disc File SystemComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; File System; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] Created specifically for optical disk media.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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75NFSNetwork File SystemComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; File System; Disk Management; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] NFS is a network-based file system, that allows file access over the network. NFS is an open standard which allows anyone to implement it.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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76SysprepMicrosoft’s System PreparationComputer ScienceInfrastructure; IT Essentials; Software; Systems Engineering;[ITE-SEIT-HN-ITAD] PET SN33002FP Operating System Essentials[CISCO] This is part of the disk cloning toolkit to remove undesirable settings in the base installation before creating the final image.[CISCO] https://www.netacad.com/
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77SOCSecurity Operations CenterCybersecuritySecurity Operations; Security Analyst;[tryhackme] SOC (Security Operations Center) is a dedicated facility operated by a specialized security team.[tryhackme] https://tryhackme.com/r/room/socfundamentals
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