AGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABAC
1
NumberCode Domain
Omaha System Problem
CategoryTargetBrief Care DescriptionCare Description
Primary Care Provider
Family Nurse Practitioner
Nurse
Lab Technician
Social WorkPharamcist
Medical Assistant
Respiratory Therapist
PulmonologistAllergistWebsite 1Website 2Website 3Website 4Website 5Website 6
2
AsthMgt-1
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0042); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimenCase Managementmedication prescriptionOral corticosteroids should be continued for 5 to 7 days after exacerbation occursThe recommended dose of oral prednisone for adults is usually 40 to 50 mg/day.111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
3
AsthMgt-2
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0042); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimenCase Managementmedication prescriptionConsider oral corticosteroids for patients presenting with uncontrolled asthma for 5 to 7 days111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
4
AsthMgt-3
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0042); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (GC003, TG0074)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimenCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep down therapy when asthma symptoms have been well controlled and lung function is stable for 3 months or more.It is recommended to step down therapy at an appropriate time such as when the patient is not traveling, not pregnant, and not experiencing current respiratory infections. It is feasible and safe to step down ICS dosing by 25-50% at 3-month intervals when symptoms are well-controlled.111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
5
AsthMgt-4
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionSubcutaneous immunotherapySubcutaneous immunotherapy is recommended as an adjunct treatment to standard pharmacotherapy for individuals with mild to moderate persistent asthma with relationship of symptoms and sensitization to a specific allergen or allergens.1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/2020-focused-updates-asthma-management-guidelines
6
AsthMgt-5
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionPrescribe asthma medications using stepwise approachTherapy is advanced one step at a time until asthma is controlled. Reduce therapy one step at a time after asthma control is maintained for at least 3 consecutive months.1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/2020-focused-updates-asthma-management-guidelines
7
AsthMgt-6
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep 1: low dose combination ICS-formoterol taken as needed for relief of symptoms, and if needed before exerciseAlternative approach: low dose ICS taken whenever a SABA is taken.1111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
8
AsthMgt-7
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep 2: low dose ICS-formoterol, taken as needed for relief of symptoms, and if needed before exerciseAlternative therapy: daily low dose ICS plus as needed SABA.

Other therapy options include: low dose ICS taken whenever SABA is used OR leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) OR daily low dose ICS plus LABA
1111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
9
AsthMgt-8
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep 3: low dose ICS-formoterol as maintenance and as needed for relief of symptomsAlternative therapy: maintenance ICS-LABA plus as needed SABA.

Other therapy options: daily medium dose ICS and SABA as needed; OR daily low dose ICS-LABA and SABA as needed; OR daily low dose ICS plus LTRA with SABA as needed; OR daily low dose ICS plus theophylline with as needed SABA.
1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
10
AsthMgt-9
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep 4: medium-dose ICS-formoterol as maintenance and as needed for relief of symptomsAlternative therapy: daily medium or high dose ICS-LABA with as needed SABA.

Other therapy options: daily medium dose ICS plus LABA plus LAMA and SABA as needed; OR daily medium dose ICS plus LABA plus LTRA and SABA as needed; daily medium dose ICS plus LABA plus theophylline and SABA as needed. Oral corticosteroids may need to be considered during uncontrolled asthma.
1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
11
AsthMgt-10
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionStep 5: referral to specialist for expert assessment, phenotyping, and add on therapyConsider combination daily high dose ICS-LABA. Consider daily high dose ICS-LABA plus LAMA. Consider daily high dose ICS-LABA with adding on azithromycin or adding on anti-immunoglobin E, or adding on anti-interleukin-5/5R, or adding on anti-interleukin-4R alpha. Consider sputum guided treatment or bronchial thermoplasty. Consider adding on low dose oral corticosteroids with above treatments.1111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
12
AsthMgt-11
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionConsider oral corticosteroids with changes to treatment when stepping up 1 to 2 steps using the stepwise approach1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
13
AsthMgt-12
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionIf patient shows signs of severe exacerbation treatment should include initiation of SABA, controlled oxygen, systemic corticosteroids, and transfer to acute care facility111
14
AsthMgt-13
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424490002 (CG0003, TG0074)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementmedication prescriptionIf patient shows signs of mild to moderate exacerbation start treatment with SABA, controlled oxygen if needed, and systemic corticosteroid. Reassessment should occur in one hour.Give SABA 4 to 10 puffs by meter dose inhaler with spacer every 20 minutes for one hour. Give prednisone 40 to 50 mg for adults. Oxygen saturation target should be 93-95%.111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
15
AsthMgt-14
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410354001 (CG003, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationCase Managementscreening proceduresRefer to asthma specialistIt is recommended to consult an asthma specialist at step 4 of therapy or when a single life-threatening asthma exacerbation occurs, treatment goals are not met after 3-6 months, atypical or complicated presentation, initial diagnosis is severe persistent asthma, need for additional diagnostic testing, need for additional asthma self-management education, or treatment includes continuous oral corticosteroids.111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
16
AsthMgt-15
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0042); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimenSurveillancescreening proceduresMonitor medication adherence111111
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.14174
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
17
AsthMgt-16
SNOMED_CT Problem=365508006 (PB0003); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410392000 (CG0004, TG0027)
EnvironmentalResidenceSurveillancehomeComplete environmental assessmentIt is recommended that all individuals with asthma of all severities should undergo an environmental assessment for exposure to allergens at home and at work, which should include either a history of symptoms on exposure or evidence of sensitization by allergy skin testing or allergen-specific immunoglobulin E.1111111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
18
AsthMgt-17
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410413008 (GC0001, TG0050)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillance
Signs/Symptoms-Physical
Reassess asthma control/ symptoms using validated tools such as Asthma Control Test or Asthma Control QuestionnaireIt is recommended to reassess asthma control with a follow-up in 2 to 6 weeks with treatment changes. Reassess patients classified with well controlled asthma every 1 to 6 months. Reassess patients classified with not well controlled asthma every 2 to 6 weeks. Reassess patients classified with poorly controlled asthma every 2 weeks. Reassessment should consist of checking medication adherence, inhaler technique, environmental factors, and comorbid conditions.111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
19
AsthMgt-18
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410394004 (GC0004, TG0029)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancelaboratory findingsFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testingIn individuals 5 years and older FeNO measurement is recommended when the diagnosis of asthma is uncertain using history, clinical findings, clinical course, and spirometry, including bronchodilator responsiveness testing, or when spirometry cannot be performed. FeNO measurements are recommended as part of ongoing asthma monitoring when individuals present with persistent allergic asthma with uncertainty in choosing anti-inflammatory therapies based on history, clinical findings, and spirometry. FeNO results can be used with other clinical data to evaluate uncontrolled asthma, inhaled corticosteroid adherence, and stability for step down therapy.1111
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/2020-focused-updates-asthma-management-guidelines
20
AsthMgt-19
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410392000 (CG0004, TG0027)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancehomeIdentify asthma triggersExamples include change in temperature, air-borne irritants, exercise, and allergans.111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
21
AsthMgt-20
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresPerform peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)A diagnosis of asthma is considered if PEFR varies by at least 20% for 3 days per week over several weeks, or if PEFR increases by at least 20% in response to bronchodilator. It is recommended to utilize PEFR to monitor disease process, evaluate worsening symptoms, and assess response to treatments.11111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
22
AsthMgt-21
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresPerform bronchial provocation test as neededBronchial challenge testing can be done to confirm the diagnosis of asthma.1111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
23
AsthMgt-22
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresComplete validated tests to measure and score asthma symptomsIt is recommended to complete validated tests to assess asthma control at each visit to guide management interventions. Examples include Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire, and Asthma APGAR (Activities, Persistent, triGGers, Asthma medications, Response to therapy).111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29531100/
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(14)00246-8/fulltext
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23058645/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30104128/
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
24
AsthMgt-23
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresClassify asthma severity111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
25
AsthMgt-24
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresClassify asthma control using the components of the impairment and risk control domainsComponents of the impairment domain include patient symptoms, nighttime awakenings, interference with normal activity, and use of SABA inhaler for symptom control. Components of the risk domain include number of exacerbations per year requiring oral systemic corticosteroids and treatment-related adverse effects.111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
26
AsthMgt-25
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresAssess asthma symptom control and future risk of adverse outcomesIt is recommended that at each opportunity asthma symptom control and future risk of adverse outcomes be assessed together. Future risk of adverse outcomes increases with high SABA use, inadequate ICS use, poor adherence to treatment plan, incorrect inhaler use, obesity, chronic sinusitis, GERD, food allergies, pregnancy, smoking, air pollution, allergen exposure, socioeconomic problems, low FEV1 less than 60% predicted, high bronchodilator reversibility, blood eosinophils, and history of one or more severe asthma exacerbations.111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
27
AsthMgt-26
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresMeasure FEV1 at start of treatment, 3-6 months after control is achieved, and periodically for risk assessment1111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
28
AsthMgt-27
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410413008 (CG0004, TG0050)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillance
Signs/Symptoms-Physical
Consider sending patient home after mild to moderate exacerbationIf symptoms improve without need for continued SABA, PEF improves and is 60% to 80% of personal best, oxygen saturation is 94% or greater on room air, and home resources are adequate.111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
29
AsthMgt-28
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410410006 (CG0004, TG0047)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancescreening proceduresIdentify risk for future exacerbationsRisk for future exacerbations independent of symptom control include history of one or more exacerbations per year, socioeconomic problems, poor adherence, incorrect inhaler technique, low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), smoking, and blood eosinophilia.11111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
30
AsthMgt-29
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=386458004 (GC0004, TG0046)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancesafetyCreate, monitor, and manage asthma action plansIt is recommended that all patients have written asthma action plans.11111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.14174
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30765356/
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
31
AsthMgt-30
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410413008 (GC0004, TG0050)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancesigns/symptoms-physicalAllergy skin testingAllergy skin testing is the gold standard to determine allergy sensitivities. Alternatives to allergy skin testing include in vitro testing such as ImmunoCap.1111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
32
AsthMgt-31
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410413008 (GC0004, TG0050)
PhysiologicalRespirationSurveillancesigns/symptoms-physicalAssess asthma symptom control by monitoring daytime or nighttime asthma symptoms, short-acting beta 2 agonist use, and limited activityAsthma symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. It is recommended to ask the patient in the past 4 weeks have they experienced daytime asthma symptoms more than twice per week, any night awakenings due to asthma, SABA reliever use for symptoms more than twice per week, and any activity limitation from asthma?11111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
33
AsthMgt-32
SNOMED_CT Problem=129825007 (PB0041); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=409066002 (CG001, TG0016)
Health-related BehaviorsHealth care supervision
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
wellnessPromote lifestyle changes including quitting smoking, avoidance of second-hand smoke, increasing physical activity, and weight managementObesity, smoking, second hand smoke exposure, and low physical activity can increase the risk for poorly controlled asthma.11111
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.14174
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
34
AsthMgt-33
SNOMED_CT Problem=129825007 (PB0041); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=409066002 (CG0001, TG0016)
Health-related BehaviorsHealth care supervision
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
environmentAsthma exacerbation risk factorsIt is recommended to educate all patients on asthma exacerbation risk factors such as recurrent respiratory tract infections, GERD, severe chronic sinus disease, and exposure to allergens.11111
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
35
AsthMgt-34
SNOMED_CT Problem=129825007 (PB0041); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=424753004 (CG0001, TG0067)
Health-related BehaviorsHealth care supervision
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
dietary managementDiet high in fruits and vegetablesThere is evidence suggesting that increase fruit and vegetable consumption leads to better asthma control and reduces risk of exacerbations.1111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
36
AsthMgt-35
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410264007 (GC0001, TG0032)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimen
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
medication action/side effects
Promote medication adherence1111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.14174
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-asthma-management
37
AsthMgt-36
SNOMED_CT Problem=422979000 (PB0042); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=409065003 (CG0001, TG0016)
Health-related BehaviorsMedication regimen
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
medication action/side effects
Avoid medications that may make asthma worseAspirin and NSAIDs can cause severe exacerbations. It is important to discuss asthma and drug interactions including instructing patients to stop medications if asthma symptoms worsen. Beta blockers can cause bronchospasms.11111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
38
AsthMgt-37
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410317005 (GC0001, TG0058)
PhysiologicalRespiration
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
suppliesInhaler use and techniqueIt is recommended to have the patient demonstrate correct inhaler technique to ensure optimal therapy.1111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Abstract/2015/08000/Practical_guidance_on_the_recognition_of.11.aspx
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
39
AsthMgt-38
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=409065003 (CG0001, TG0016)
PhysiologicalRespiration
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
environmentAvoid indoor and outdoor air pollutionEncourage the use of non-polluting heating and cooking sources, and to vent pollutants to the outdoors whenever possible.11111
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
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AsthMgt-39
SNOMED_CT Problem=106048009 (PB0028); SNOMED_CT Cat-Tar=410309002 (GC0001, TG0050)
PhysiologicalRespiration
Teaching, Guidance and Counseling
signs/symptoms-physicalPromote self-monitoring of asthma symptoms including worsening asthma symptoms with Asthma Action Plan111111
https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Abstract/2012/11000/Update_on_asthma_management_in_primary_care.9.aspx
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2773482
https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
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