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1. Basics of TMDs.- 2. Fabrication approaches of TMDs.- 3. Structures and defects of TMDs.- 4. 2D TMDs properties.- 5. Spin-Valley coupling in TMDs.- 5. Heterostructures.

This book offers to reader a sound understating of two-dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) materials, detailing their physio-chemical mechanisms and technological applications in various areas such as nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Moving from their invention to their modern developments, including theoretical approaches, experimental interpretations and their technical applications, the book explores the basic concepts of 2D TMDs. It will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and scientists working in the area of 2D TMDs. A key goal of this book provides a sound or clear idea about two-dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) materials by providing their sound background, fabrication approaches including interpretations of the inside physio-chemical mechanism including technological applications in various significant areas such as nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, topological insulators, biomedical.

An overview of polysaccharides: classifications and applications.- Polysaccharide hydrogel materials-based 3D printing technology.- 3D Polysaccharide Hydrogels for Soil and Water Remediation.- Polysaccharide-based aerogels for soil and water remediation.- 3D-Printed Polysaccharides for Interfacial Solar Evaporation and Water Desalination.- 3D-Printed polysaccharide biofilms for environmental remediation.- 3D-Engineered Sponge Polysaccharide Formulations for Water and Wastewater Treatment.- Superwetting 3D Porous Polysaccharides for Oil/Water Separation.- Electrically conductive polysaccharides-based 3D hydrogels: fabrication and applications.- Polysaccharide-based 3D hydrogels for advanced food applications.- Polysaccharide-based 3D-printed nanocomposites: fabrication and applications.- Polysaccharide-based 3D-printed nanocomposites: fabrication and applications.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art science and technology related to polysaccharide-based 3D-engineered materials, highlighting their fabrication and specific environmental and advanced technological applications. Polysaccharide-based 3D-engineered materials have attracted global interest as sustainable and renewable alternatives to synthetic polymers for diverse and advanced applications. This book provides researchers and scientists with the latest and up-to-date knowledge related to the fabrication and applications of 3D-engineered polysaccharide materials, including hydrogels, 3D/4D printing, aerogels, foams, sponges, and other 3D scaffold materials. This book aims to address the primary issue currently faced in the market. Although several books are available, there is still no comprehensive scientific reference that systematically covers all aspects of fabricating engineered 3D polysaccharides and their nanocomposite formulations. So, this book solves the potential deficiencies in published books in the market. We provide specialized and up-to-date knowledge not extensively covered in existing publications, addressing the needs of researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals interested in advancing their understanding and advanced applications, such as environmental remediation and advanced engineered applications.

Chemical Engineering

How Additive Manufacturing Enables Sustainable Production of Critical Minerals.- Additive Manufacturing for Sensors and Automation in the Critical Minerals Industry.- Additive Manufacturing for Sustainable Comminution and Mineral Concentration.- Additive Manufacturing in Extractive Metallurgy.- Emerging New Products from the Critical Mineral Industry.

This book highlights the challenges to their efficient and sustainable production which impact climate, habitats, human living, future minerals availability, biodiversity and working conditions. This article evaluates the role of additive manufacturing in the sustainable production of critical minerals. An essential physical technology of the fourth industrial revolution, additive manufacturing is a transformative technology capable of enabling the complete redesign and rejuvenation of critical mineral industries towards a cleaner, more affordable, and resource-abundant future. In the mining of critical minerals, additive manufacturing enables automated exploration and mapping of critical mineral reserves using innovative robot and drone designs. It also enables process-wide automation and optimization in mining operations, facilitates better understanding of geology and rock mechanics, and opens new avenues for the research and development of independent remote mining bases. In the mineralogical and metallurgical processing of critical minerals, additive manufacturing enables the manufacture of high-performance, lightweight, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, low-cost, and recyclable tools and equipment and capabilities for their on-site repair, remanufacture and customization. Additive manufacturing enables the development of new mineralogical and metallurgical processes through rapid prototyping and presents new opportunities for metal recycling and their re-extraction from waste streams. Thus, additive manufacturing can make critical mineral production more efficient and sustainable by improvement in overall process efficiencies, reduction in energy, and water consumption, minimization, or remediation of waste streams, and reduction in operational and maintenance costs, and greenhouse gas emissions.

1. Accurate Permeate Flux Prediction of the VMD Desalination Process Using GA-ANN Technique.- 2. Design and Development of a Microhole Grinding System of Zirconia Ceramics for Quality and Productivity Improvement.- 3. Exploring Diverse Research Fields in Water: Challenges and Opportunities.- 4. Analysis of a Plate with Variable Shaped Cut-Outs.- 5. Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Plastic, Rubber or Electronic Wastes for the Manufacturing of Concrete.- 6. Quasi-Static Analysis of Fire Damaged Non-Pareille Manor House Gable Wall.- 7. Modelling the Characteristic of the Ship Berthing Force at Dock Using the Lagrangian Particle Method.- 8. Strength Analysis of Temporary Stool Configuration During Fabrication Process of an Offshore Converter Platform Topside Structure.- 9. Feasibility Study on Offshore Wind Farms in Kudat.- 10. Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis on Drag Force for Semi-Submersible Structures.

This book is a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge research that addresses some of the most pressing challenges in modern engineering and applied sciences. This book features 26 chapters, each delving into innovative methodologies, advanced techniques, and sustainable solutions across a diverse range of disciplines. Each chapter presents rigorous analysis, practical applications, and forward-thinking solutions, making this book an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge and contribute to the advancement of sustainable technologies in their respective fields.

Mechanical Process Engineering

Bonnet Polishing Technology.- Double-sided Lapping.- Abrasive Belt Grinding.- Abrasive Flow Machining.- Magnetorheological Finishing.

This book comprehensively explores various facets of the polishing field, spanning from traditional techniques to the latest advancements in ultra-precision polishing methods. It provides an updated perspective on the current state of research, covering different ultra-precision polishing technologies, tool applications, process evolution, and future prospects. The content is structured into chapters contributed by subject matter experts worldwide, offering an authoritative overview of recent developments in ultra-precision polishing technology. The book addresses diverse levels of understanding, from foundational concepts to advanced applications. Part I focuses on finishing techniques based on polishing tools, while Part II explores fluid-assisted finishing methods. Part III discusses high-energy beam finishing techniques, and Part IV introduces other emerging finishing approaches. Finally, Part V is dedicated to the applications and developmental trends of ultra-precision polishing technologies. Each part systematically presents a specific polishing technique or application, providing the reader with a step-by-step understanding of this complex and evolving field.

Volume 2: Advancements in Sustainable Energy Technologies and the Green Revolution

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

1. Modeling and calculation of reactivity feedback coefficients and neutron flux using Monte Carlo code OpenMC for SLOWPOKE-2 reactor.- 2. Design and evaluation performance of Single-Layer and Double-Layer Radiative Cooling Coatings Using Silicon Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide.- 3. Sustainability of photovoltaic materials and smart monitoring: case study in Morocco.- 4. Unveiling the Quantum World of Buckled Aluminene : DFT Insights with Van der Waals Corrections.- 5. Heat transfer enhancement in triangular cavities using nanofluids: A comparative study of heating wall orientation.- 6. Comparative Fatigue Analysis of Zirconia and Titanium Dental Implants with Varying Thread Designs.- 7. Influence of the Rayleigh number on the behavior of Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian fluids with viscosity varying with temperature.- 8. Theoretical Investigation of the Structural, Optical, and Thermoelectric Properties of the Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite [NH3–(CH2)4–NH3]CdCl4 Compound: A First-Principles Approach.- 9. Thermal Performance of Non-Newtonian Water–Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids in Enclosed Natural Convection.- 10. Microwave absorption properties of TiO₂/Al₂O₃ ceramic composite material at X-band frequencies.- 11. First Principals Study Of The Electronic Structure and Optical Properties Of CH3 NH3 PbX3  ( X=I, Br, Cl) For Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cell Applications.- 12. Theoretical study of the physical properties of 𝑋𝐻2 hydrides (X=Mg and Sr) for hydrogen storage.- 13. Lattice Boltzmann fluid simulation with Neumann boundary conditions.- 14. Influence of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of FDM Printed ABS-Carbon Fiber Composites: Statistical and Experimental Analysis.- 15. Multifunctional Properties of Halide Double Perovskite K 2 NaFeCl 6 : Electronic, Optical, and Thermoelectric Insights".- 16. Double Perovskite Cs2AgIrBr6: Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties for Photovoltaic Application.- 17. b Initio Study of the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Rb2AgIrBr6 Insights from DFT calculation.- 18. Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).- 19. Theoretical analysis of the optical properties of vanadium dioxide using Drude and Lorentz models.- 20. Comprehensive Review on Dissipated Energy in Vanadium Dioxide and its Technological Applications.- 21. Study of the optical response of vanadium dioxide (VO₂) from the complex dielectric constant.

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the latest advancements in the field of sustainable energy technologies. In particular, it focuses on recent progress made in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and more. By closely examining emerging technological developments, this book seeks to present innovative solutions that are driving the green revolution and contributing to global energy transition. From improving energy efficiency in clinic operating theaters to investigating solar floor heating systems and utilizing deep learning for couscous grain drying, each contribution offers unique insights such as numerical simulations of 3-D mixed convection, the application of Big Data for greening agri-food supply chains, and the optimization of fluid flows using the LBM method. Chapters also cover the design of tools for measuring total solar irradiance, integrating photovoltaic/thermal collectors for desalination-refrigeration, and dynamic analysis of power distribution systems. This book also looks at into compound parabolic collectors for enhanced wood drying, lessons from solar energy plants, and the physicochemical properties of sewage sludge for energy recovery. It concludes with an exploration of an autonomous wind turbine’s viability for supplying energy to a laboratory in Niger. Featuring extended chapters selected as exceptional contributions to the 2023 International Conference on Advanced Materials for Sustainable Energy and Engineering in Meknes, Morocco, this book provides researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of some of the latest advancements in novel nanomaterials. With its interdisciplinary approach and rigorous scientific analysis, this book serves as a valuable resource for those striving to develop sustainable energy solutions for the future.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Optoelectronic Devices

1. Seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete structures using pushover-based method.- 2. Investigation into the damage analysis of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) specimens, involving both static damage study and a unified theory approach to predict the material's lifespan.- 3.Transverse vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with magnetostrictive layers of Terfenol-D on a Winkler foundation using the finite element method.- 4. Analysis of the transverse vibrations of a carbon nanotube resting on a Winkler foundation subjected to low temperature thermal load.- 5. First principal investigation of Structural electronic properties of hybrid oorganic-inorganic perovskite [NH3-(CH2)4-NH3]MCl4 compound.- 6. Study and Analysis of the Free Transverse Vibration of Two Beams Coupled by an Elastic System Formed by a Double Spring-Mass.- 7. Different Measurement Modes of a GPR radar for a Homogeneous Isotropic medium Using the FDTD and ETD Methods.- 8. A Review on the Dynamics of Metal-Insulator Transitions of Vanadium Dioxide.- 9. Computational study of vertical falling film absorber working in a LiBr-H2O absorption refrigeration system.- 10. Modelling and Simulation of the Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Crack Propagation: Filament Orientation.- 11.  Review of Recent Results of Methods for Estimating the State of Charge of Li-ion   Batteries for Electric Vehicles.- 12. Evaluation of sanitation pipe quality through infrared spectroscopy: Identification of compounds and examination of structural alterations due to aging induced by sulfated solutions.- 13. Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Condensation.-14. Exploring the Electronic Transport Characteristics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Donor-Acceptor Characteristics, filled with Caffeine Molecules.- 15. Raman Active Modes of black phosphorene and phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs).- 16. The technical impacts of the emergence of renewables energies decentralized in the distribution grid (MV).- 17. Low-Cost Polymer-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Nanofiltration Membranes for Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal.- 18. Realization of a digital teslameter based on an analog low-cost Hall effect sensor.

This book delves into the realm of sustainable energy and presents a comprehensive analysis of novel nanomaterials with potential applications in this field. Each chapter offers a unique perspective, contributing to the understanding and development of advanced energy materials. From the infrared spectroscopy analysis of boron nitride nanotubes to the investigation of optical properties of ZnO thin films and the study of double perovskite oxides, this collection covers a wide range of topics. It explores iron-based nitrides, phase change materials for smartphones, thermochromic glazing with vanadium dioxide, and the influence of magnetic pressure on smart materials. The physical properties and applications of 2D phosphorene, carbon nanotube interactions, and metalloporphyrin-encapsulated carbon nanotubes are also discussed. Moreover, the collection investigates the thermal and phonon properties of carbon nanomaterials, optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, and the physical properties of phosphorene nanotubes. Featuring extended chapters selected as exceptional contributions to the 2023 International Conference on Advanced Materials for Sustainable Energy and Engineering in Meknes, Morocco, this book provides researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of some of the latest advancements in novel nanomaterials. With its interdisciplinary approach and rigorous scientific analysis, this edited collection serves as a valuable resource for those striving to develop sustainable energy solutions for the future.

Emerging ferrous alloys.- Effect of hydrogen gas on magnetic properties of alloys of ferromagnetic metals with Pd and its application in hydrogen gas sensing.- Recent advances in the processing of cold rolled dual phase (DP) steels.- Thermoelectricity of Ternary Alloy based Thin Films Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering Method.- Advances in direct laser deposited (DLDed) titanium alloys.- Advances in β titanium alloys for applications in the biomedical fields.- NiTi Based Shape Memory Alloys.- Molecular Dynamics Study on the Structural Evolution of Coalesced Alloy Droplets from an Atomic Level View.- Nuclear Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Platinum and Rhodium-Based Alloys.- Nd-YAG laser cutting of Hastelloy C 276 Superalloy A RSM based Central Composite Rotatable Design Approach.

This book serves as a rich reference for researchers, scientists, metallurgists, and students interested in recent developments in alloys research and technologies. It offers an extensive literature review, presenting the most important topics related to ferrous metal alloys and the cutting-edge advancements in emerging ferrous alloys. Readers will find simulations, reviews, and research results on various types of alloys, including their preparation methods, processing techniques, and properties. The book covers a wide range of applications, from ferromagnetic Pd-alloy-based magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors to dual phase steels, ternary alloy-based thin films, and titanium alloys for biomedical fields. With its comprehensive coverage and up-to-date insights, this book is an essential resource for anyone seeking a deep understanding of alloys and their applications. 

Chapter 1: Synthetic Biology as a Paradigm Shift in Bacterial Cellulose-based Material Design and Production.- Chapter 2: Biology Tools for Optimizing Bacterial Cellulose Production.- Chapter 3: Bacterial cellulose production from non-conventional strains.- Chapter 4: Agroindustrial Wastes for Bacterial Cellulose Production: Challenges and Innovations.- Chapter 5: Bacterial Cellulose as a stabilizer of multiphase systems.- Chapter 6: 3D Bioprinting of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications.- Chapter 7: Bacterial cellulose in electronic, optoelectronic, photonics and energy applications.- Chapter 8: Bacterial Cellulose in Foods: Toxicology and Regulatory Landscape.- Chapter 9: Techno-economic analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Bacterial Cellulose production: a comparative study with plant derived micro and nanocelluloses.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in bacterial cellulose (BC) research, covering strain engineering and modelling, sustainable production, multifaceted applications, and assessments of its environmental and economic viability. This book seeks to connect academic research with practical application by exploring the distinctive properties and potential applications of BC. In this book, readers will find topics such as engineering BC by synthetic biology, the environmentally friendly synthesis of BC from waste materials, its various uses in systems with several phases, textiles, biomedical engineering, and materials science. The book also examines the capabilities of BC as bioinks for 3D printing and additive manufacturing, as well as its incorporation into nanocomposites and electrical, optoelectronic, and energy devices. Furthermore, the book addresses the critical aspects of BC's toxicity, life cycle assessment, and techno-economic analysis, providing a thorough understanding of its feasibility against plant cellulose. Edited and written by experts in the field, this book sets out to solve the ongoing challenge of unlocking the full potential of BC, a biodegradable, renewable, and versatile biopolymer, by providing a comprehensive and authoritative resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers. By compiling cutting-edge research and expert insights, this book aims to accelerate the transition of BC from the laboratory to real-world applications, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy. The book is intended for academics, researchers, and industry professionals working in the fields of biotechnology, materials science, biomedical engineering, and sustainable development, as well as policymakers and stakeholders interested in the development of innovative, eco-friendly products and technologies.

Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film

Chapter 1.Introduction to Coating Technology. - Chapter 2.Evaluation of Mechanical Coating Materials.- Chapter 3.Specific Engineering Coating Materials.- Chapter 4.Evaluation of Surface Roughness and adhesion of coating Materials.- Chapter 5.Mechanism of the Wettability of Coating Materials.- Chapter 6.Stress behaviour in coating materials.- Chapter 7.Fracture and Toughness of coating materials.- Chapter 8.Mathematical modelling of mechanical coating.-Chapter 9.Tribological properties of coating materials.- Chapter 10.Corrosion properties of the coating material.- Chapter 11.Surface passivation and surface treatment of coating material.

This book comprehensively covers the topic of coating materials, methods of fabrication, characterizations, the interaction between fillers, reinforcements, and environmental impact, and the functional classification of ceramic coatings. It also covers quality and precision aspects and provides information on the appropriate system for various coating types. The topics covered in this book include introduction to coating technology, evaluation of mechanical coating materials, specific engineering coating materials, evaluation of surface roughness and adhesion of coating materials, mechanism of the wettability of coating materials, stress behaviour in coating materials, fracture and toughness of coating materials, mathematical modelling of mechanical coating, tribological properties of coating materials, and many other. The book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the fields of materials science.

Materials Characterization Technique

Undergraduate textbook

Materials an integral force behind civilizations and technological advancements.- Atoms and atomic bonding.- characterization of materials.- Atomic arrangements.- Alloys and the perfection of crystal imperfections.- diffusion and phase diagrams.- Mechanical behavior of metals and alloys.- Ferrous alloys.- Strengthening and corrosion of metals and alloys.- Failure of metals and alloys.- Introduction to polymers.- Ceramics.- Electrical and magnetic properties of ceramics.- Introduction to nanomaterials.- Introduction to composites.

This book provides students with the essentials needed for a semester-long, introductory course in materials science presented in a novel way. It is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of materials science and engineering, as well as current topics of high technological importance, in an easy-to-understand and engaging manner. An Engaging Approach to the Science and Engineering of Materials: The SPHERE, differs from conventional textbooks in several ways:   • It introduces materials science and engineering in a novel, immersive, and engaging manner involving a journey of discovery. In essence, it is a traditional textbook that is packaged within a novel-like storyline of discovery. Instructors can easily teach out of the traditional textbook; • Throughout its pages, it provides a recurring dialogue between the student and the professor on all topics to answer many common questions and misconceptions that students tend to have; • It incorporates a devoted chapter on nanomaterials, a current area of major technological importance; • It also provides historical and ethical insights into materials throughout its pages.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Chapter 1 Bayesian global optimization.- Chapter 2 Swarm based optimization algorithms.- Chapter 3 Transfer learning.

This book introduces how the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence（AI） is transforming the field of materials informatics, viz., AI+ materials. Around the world, self-driving materials laboratories and robotic systems—the “hard foundation” of this field—are emerging with remarkable speed. At the same time, a diverse array of AI-driven algorithms and computational tools—the “soft foundation”—are accelerating materials discovery and design. In particular, the development of large materials models has been significantly propelled by large language models. We are now entering the AI era, where AI for science (AI4S), AI for engineering (AI4E), and AI for materials (AI4M) are extremely important aspects. In this context, it is essential to equip materials scientists, engineers, and students with a solid understanding of fundamental and advanced AI methods and algorithms and their applications in materials science and engineering.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Introduction.- Linear Regression.- Linear Classification.- Support Vector Machine.- Decision Tree and K-Nearest-Neighbors (KNN).- Ensemble Learning.- Bayesian Theorem and Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithm.- Symbolic Regression.- Neural Networks.- Hidden Markov Chains.- Data Preprocessing and Feature Selection.- Interpretative SHAP Value and Partial Dependence Plot.

This textbook educates current and future materials workers, engineers, and researchers on Materials Informatics. Volume I serves as an introduction, merging AI, ML, materials science, and engineering. It covers essential topics and algorithms in 11 chapters, including Linear Regression, Neural Networks, and more. Suitable for diverse fields like materials science, physics, and chemistry, it enables quick and easy learning of Materials Informatics for readers without prior AI and ML knowledge.

Applicability of No-insulation High-Temperature Superconductor Saddle-Shaped Dipole Magnet to Particle Accelerator

Abstract.- 1 INTRODUCTION.- 2 ANALYSIS METHODS FOR SADDLE-SHAPED DIPOLE MAGNET ADOPTING NO-INSULATION TECHNIQUE.- 3 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION OF SADDLE-SHAPED DIPOLE MAGNET.- 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF HTS SADDLE-SHAPED DIPOLE MAGNET.- 5 CONCLUSION.- Appendix.

This thesis addresses research on the design, fabrication, and operation of the first saddle-shaped dipole magnet for particle accelerators using a no-insulation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet technology. Unlike HTS magnets with various geometries used in other applications, saddle-shaped magnets posed unresolved challenges in analysis and fabrication due to their complex shape. This thesis is the first study to systematically classify these issues and propose detailed solutions for each. Scaling up the techniques used in this research could enable the development of dipole magnets exceeding 20 T, significantly enhancing particle accelerator performance. Institutions such as CERN and INFN-LASA are pursuing high-field HTS magnets, and this study has led to international collaborations, including Horizon Europe and the International Muon Collider Collaboration. This research has opened a new chapter in foundational technology for particle accelerators, which are widely adopted in particle physics, cancer treatment, chemistry, biotechnology, and materials science. Moreover, it addresses major challenges in HTS magnet technology, such as precise estimation of critical current, screening current analysis, and quench repetition experiments and analysis, by defining these problems and presenting viable solutions with experimental validations.

Chapter 1: Areca catechu production, processing and uses.- Chapter 2 Chemical, physical properties and applications of areca nuts.- Chapter 3 Areca husks and their applications.- Chapter 4. Areca husks and fibers from husks as reinforcement for composites.- Chapter 5. Areca leaf sheath.- Chapter 6. Areca leaves.

This book stands as the first and only compilation devoted to areca nuts and their byproducts. Starting from areca nuts, the book covers areca husks, areca sheaths, areca leaves and areca tree trunk for their composition, structure, properties and applications. The authors demonstrate that Areca and its byproducts can be used as source for fuel, fiber, composites, packaging materials, medical biomaterials, construction materials, and materials for environmental remediation. The book is aimed at advanced readers who are interested in biobased products, bioeconomy, sustainability and agricultural waste valorization. It is also a useful reference for engineers, scientists, and students working on alternative products and fibrous materials from biobased resources.          

Materials Characterization Technique

Offshore Engineering

1.Introduction to Ageing of Materials.- 2. Offshore Structures.- 3. Steel Material Types in Offshore Structures.- 4. Steel Joining Methods and Joints.- 5. Steel Materials After Fabrication.- 6. Steel Materials Degradation and Remediation.- 7. Cementitious Materials in Offshore Structures.- 8. Cementitious Materials – Degradation, Detection.- 9. Other Metallic and Non-Metallic Materials.- 10. Assessment of Materials Integrity During Life Extension.- 11. Conclusions and Future Possibilities.- 12. Appendix - Case Studies.

This book provides essential knowledge and techniques required to assess materials for extending the life of ageing offshore structures used for energy production. With over half of these structures currently in a life extension phase, the effects of ageing and degradation are at the forefront of the industry. The book presents the changes in industry practices and key technological advancements that have shaped the field since its inception. It reviews the original properties of the materials employed in offshore structures and provides a deep understanding of their behaviour as they age over time. The relevant degradation processes are investigated for offshore structural materials such as steel, welds, bolted joints, concrete, grout, reinforcement, pre-tensioning and non-metallic materials (including coatings and composites). Materials engineers will be equipped with the necessary tools in this book to evaluate materials in existing ageing structures. The book goes beyond theoretical knowledge, providing practical insights into assessing the performance of materials in ageing structures. With a focus on ensuring the efficient and safe continued use of existing infrastructure, engineers will find useful guidance to inform decision-making and facilitate the assessment process. The book brings together a wide range of research findings relevant to the topic and offers an updated summary of material assessment techniques that are largely difficult or even impossible to access publicly. This book is an invaluable resource for practising materials engineers, offshore engineering professionals, or materials engineering students.

Materials Characterization Technique

Sensors and biosensors

Introduction to Biocompatible Nanomaterials.- Introduction to Multifunctional Sensors.- Synthesis of Biocompatible Nanomaterials.- Characterization Techniques of Biocompatible Nanomaterials.- Green Synthesized Nanocomposites for Mercury Lead and Cadmium Detection.- Challenges and Future Directions in Heavy Metal Ion Sensing.- Nanomaterials for Uric Acid Urea and Creatinine Sensing.- AI and IoT Integration in Biomolecular Sensing Systems.- Eco friendly Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Pesticide Sensing.- Field Deployable Pesticide Sensors Innovations and Challenges.- Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensors for Antibiotic Detection.- Biocompatible Nanomaterials Based Sensors for Environmental and Biomedical Applications.- Summary Real world Applications Commercialization and Scalabilty.

This contributed volume explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of biocompatible nanomaterials for multifunctional sensor technologies, covering detection systems for heavy metal ions, biomolecules, pesticides, and pharmaceutical drugs. It integrates cutting-edge approaches, including AI and IoT, to enhance sensor performance, alongside discussions on green synthesis, real-world applications, commercialization, and scalability. A valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and professionals in nanotechnology, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and healthcare diagnostics, this book bridges fundamental concepts with innovative advancements in sustainable and high-performance sensing solutions.

Part 1:Introduction.- 1.1. Intention of the Book.- 1.2. Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing.- 1.3. Review of Biodegradable Methods in Additive Manufacturing.- Part 2: Materials and Methods.- 2.1. FLAM - 3D Printing with Chitin - Cellulose Composites.- 2.2. 3D Bioprinting with Cellulose-derived Bioink and Precursors.- 2.3. Living Composites: Mycelium Biofabrication and the Evolution of De-sign.- 2.4. Three-dimensional Printing of Lignin and Wood.- Part 3: Applications.- 3.1. Three-Dimensional Printing of Biodegradable Materials in the Biomedi-cal Sector.- 3.2. Wet Mold Concrete Casting with Biodegradable Materials.- 3.3. Large-Scale 3D-Printing of Wood for Architectural Applications.- 3.4. 3D Printing with Living Matter.- Conclusion: 4.1. Conclusion.- Appendix.- 5.1. Detailed material compositions and recipes of some of the papers from this book.

This book presents current academic research on additive manufacturing using biodegradable materials and promotes the utilization of more sustainable practices and materials in 3D printing at a societal level. It represents the first comprehensive study focused on this area, where significant growth is anticipated in academic research and applications across industry, the arts, and do-it-yourself (DIY) initiatives over the coming years.   This book is a compilation of original research chapters authored by leading scholars in the field, framed by an introduction and conclusion provided by the editors. The introduction primarily comprises two chapters: one compiles lifecycle information of prevalent 3D printing methods and materials, while the other reviews existing research in biodegradable 3D printing. The invited chapters are divided into two sections: the first section addresses methodologies and the technical means for achieving 3D printing with biodegradable materials, featuring research on various fibers, binders, and technologies, with a focus on materials science and chemical engineering. The second section emphasizes applications across different fields and explores the potential offered by biodegradable materials, including applications in medical implants, product design, molds for casting, and architectural-scale applications.   This book offers an overview of various methods, materials, and applications, making it suitable for readers from academia in materials science, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering, as well as industry professionals in product design, architecture, and the fine arts that are interested in exploring techniques or alternatives applicable to their practice. It is also relevant for the hacker and maker communities that wish to improve the sustainability of their methods. Additionally, the book's appendix provides step-by-step instructions for novices, such as students or members of the maker community, to quickly initiate their own projects and research efforts.

1.Introduction to Biodegradable Metallic Materials in Biomedical Applications.- Composition and Design Strategies for Iron-Based Biodegradable Alloys.- Fabrication Techniques and characterization for Iron-Based Biodegradable Implants.- Clinical Translation, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Perspectives, Challenges in Iron-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications.- Composition and Design Strategies for Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Alloys.- Fabrication Techniques and characterization for Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Implants.- Clinical Translation, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Perspectives, Challenges in Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications.- Composition and Design Strategies for Zinc-Based Biodegradable Alloys.- Fabrication Techniques and characterization for Zinc-Based Biodegradable Implants.- Clinical Translation, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Perspectives, Challenges in Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications.- Biodegradable Metallic Materials: Recent Advances, Futuristic Opportunities and Challenges.

This book explores the use of biodegradable metals for biological applications in the developing field of Biomaterials research. Iron, Magnesium and zinc are the most common biodegradable metals that have been discussed here. With an excellent mechanical integrity, adequate biocompatibility, and intrinsic biodegradability, these metals are suitable for implants, and have led to multiple studies on the creation of new alloys for degradable biological applications. The book begins with an introductory chapters to introduce the basics of metals and has three main sections. The first section provides readers with an overview of iron-based metallic biomaterials, unveils the current state of biodegradable metal technology, and discusses its potential applications for bio-implants. The second section discusses a paradigm shift from iron to magnesium-based metallic biomaterials, from material discovery and testing to implant production. This section provides an example of biodegradable metals from idea to application. Biomaterials based on magnesium have the potential to be utilized as next-generation biodegradable metals. Since magnesium (Mg) dissolves in bodily fluids, implanted Mg may deteriorate during the healing process; provided, however, that degradation is regulated, no debris will remain once healing is completed. Therefore, there may be no need for a second surgical procedure (or procedures) to remove the implant. This section demonstrates a thorough analysis that gathers, evaluates, and critically examines the most recent research on the crucial facets of magnesium-based biomaterials. This book is expected to be a fundamental resource for research in biodegradable metallic materials, fabrication of implants, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering. A viewpoint on the application of biodegradable metals for biomedical purposes in the tissue engineering age closes the book.

Introduction.- PBAT resin synthetic raw materials.- Synthesis of PBAT resin.- Structure and properties of PBAT resin.- PBAT Plastics.- PBAT Plastics Green Manufacturing.- PBAT Products.- Evaluation and certification of PBAT biodegradability.- PBAT life cycle evaluation.

This book systematically summarizes the development of biodegradable polyester PBAT in recent decades and describes in detail the layout of the panel, technology and equipment, roadway support, and other aspects of PBAT synthesis, structure, properties, and manufacturing. The subject of the book belongs to materials, especially polymer science. The latest scientific research achievements, such as the life circle analysis of PBAT resin, PBAT-based alloys, PBAT plastics blending with biomass, advanced digital technology for PBAT blending, e.g., PBAT molding process, evaluation, and certification of PBAT biodegradability, are also analyzed and summarized. In general, this book comprehensively displays the development process and latest achievements of PBAT resin, aiming to promote China's advanced biodegradable plastics technology to the reader in the whole world, and has significant social significance.  

Chemical Process Engineering

Background and History of Coal.- Techniques for Sulfur Removal from Coal.- Microorganisms for Sulfur Removal from Coal.- Mechanism of Sulfur Removal Using Biological Approach.- Enzymology of Bio-desulfurization Process.- Biological Desulfurization Process.- Reactor for Bio-desulfurization of Coal.- Overview of Different Process Parameters.- Kinetic and Modeling Studies of Bio-desulfurization of Coal.- Challenges and Perspectives of Bio-desulfurization of Coal.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the different strategies and mechanisms for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from coal. The combustion of sulfur-containing compounds in coal emits sulfur oxides, which can cause adverse effects on health, the environment, and the economy. The chapters in this book give a thorough overview of the desulfurization of coal through methods such as hydrodesulfurization, extractive desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, bio-desulfurization and desulfurization through alkylation, chlorinolysis, and using supercritical water. The subsequent chapters place greater emphasis on the bio-desulfurization of coal using microorganisms, enzymes, and biocatalysts, where it describes the bioreactors, different process parameters, kinetic and modeling of the bio-desulfurization process, challenges, and future perspective. The content of this book caters to academic researchers, chemical engineers, and policymakers who are interested in reducing sulfur emissions from coal fuel sources for a more green and sustainable practice.  

Black Liquor Chemical, Physical and Combustion Properties and their Importance in Chemical Recovery Operations.- Potential Use of Black Liquor as Lignin Source for Synthesis of Polyurethane Foam.- Lignin analysis techniques and its significance.- Modification of black liquor properties to enhance chemical recovery efficiency.- Development of modern materials from lignosulphonates.- Recent Advances in Chemical recovery Furnace in efficient combustion of Black Liquor.- Production of bioethanol as by-product in pulp and paper industry.- Valorization of Rice Straw for Ethanol Production and Lignin Recovery Through Acidic and Alkaline Pre-treatments.- Limited climate benefits of global recycling of pulp and paper.- Opportunities for green technology initiatives in Indian paper industry.

This book systematically discusses the fundamental, principle and method of pulping and reaction process intensification, recovery of value-added products from black liquor waste in the paper industry. The book chapters are authored by leading experts who bring together years of innovative research in black liquor waste management describing the latest developments in pulping process from different sources of raw materials, properties and recovery technologies of black liquor, extraction of value-added chemicals and clean hydrogen through industrial waste management. The book effectively bridges the gap between academic research and industrial applications through the systematic introduction of the basic principles of recovery technologies leading up to industrial case studies. It also demonstrates the circular economy growth of the pulping industry and environment sustainability through waste management. This book aims to be a reference guide for researchers and engineers in related fields to jointly promote the energy conservation, emission reduction and green development of process industry.

Chapter 1 : Introduction.- Chapter 2 : Blue Minerals.- Chapter 3 : Blue Pigments in Antiquity.- Chapter 4 : Blue Pigments in the Renaissance and Afterwards.- Chapter 5 : Analytical Methods.- Chapter 6 : The Role of Analysis in the Holistic Provenancing of Ceramics.- Chapter 7 : Egyptian Blue – the first synthetic blue pigment.- Chapter 8 : The Cobalt Blues : Smalt , Cerulean Blue , Bristol Blue , Cobalt Blue.- Chapter 9 : Lapis Lazuli in Glass and Enamels.- Chapter 10 : Islamic Ceramics and Glass.-Chapter 11 : French Faience and Italian Majolica.- Chapter 12 : European Glass Manufacture.- Chapter 13 : Asian Stonewares and Porcelains.- Chapter 14 : Delftwares and Kraak porcelains.- Chapter 15 : European ( Continental) Porcelains.- Chapter 16 : English , Welsh , Scottish and USA Porcelains.- Chapter 17 : Summary and Conclusions.

The use of natural mineral and synthetic blue pigments in antiquity for wall paintings and illuminated manuscript historiation evolved into the most suitable blue pigments for the decoration of glazed and enamelled wares (ceramics, glass and metal)  which required a stability at the high temperatures of the kilns used for glazing and firing. Historic literature is often vague regarding the blue pigments used for this purpose. The generic term “cobalt blue” covers a wide range of pigments that were actually used for the decoration  of  faience, majolica, stonewares, earthenwares and porcelains. This book addresses the application of  elemental and molecular spectroscopic analytical techniques to a range of diverse problems which arise for decorated ceramics, glass and enamels and related artefacts: a history of techniques, provenance and authentication.  The text contains an introduction to the important analytical techniques that are used in destructive and nondestructive analytical measurements and highlights potential future applications based upon novel miniaturised instrumentation for in-situ studies. The book is co-authored by two international experts with many years’ experience in the application of  analysis to artworks and  archaeological artefacts and in the investigation of materials and sites for cultural heritage preservation. Among 19 chapters one is  devoted to an evaluation of the analytical techniques that are used and the pitfalls which can arise in the interpretation of the data. The approach conveys the detailed information which has become available from the adoption of analytical  techniques to diverse problems  through the scientific interrogation of ceramic and related artefacts. Examples are given of how the pigment analysis and sourcing can provide unique information about ancient trade routes and pigment sourcing historically.  A classic instance is provided by the transfer of European enamelling technologies carried out at the beginning of the 17th century in Japan (Arita) and at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries in China by the Jesuits established at the Court of, respectively, the Kyushu island of Daymios and the Chinese Qing Empero Kangxi. It has hence been demonstrated that some of the most beautiful porcelains emanating from Japan and China in this period incorporate blue decoration  with pigments supplied from Europe. The interpretation of the analytical data can assist museum curators, archaeologists, art dealers/experts and cultural heritage historians in the preservation and conservation of ancient materials which have applied blue pigment decoration.    

Solar Thermal Energy

Introduction of perovskite solar cells on computational analysis.- Generation of defects in perovskite absorber.- Structural analysis and modification of perovskite absorber through the density functional theory studies (DFT).- Assessment of physical parameters of perovskite solar cells through computational studies.- Multi-physics studies of perovskite solar cells.- Theoretical study of all inorganic and organic-Inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells.- Computational studies of tandem solar cells.- Computational investigations on stability of perovskite solar cell.- Computational investigations on the impact of organic molecule layer in between the heterostructures of the perovskite solar cells.- Interfacial engineering in perovskite solar cells by the simulation approaches.- Bandgap tuning strategy in perovskite solar cells using the solar cell simulations.- Role of machine learning in the perovskite solar cell investigations.- Role of defect density and doping concentration in perovskite solar cell.- Summary and future outlook.

This book provides the detail analysis of various computations techniques such as Density Functional Theory (DFT), Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS), and COMSOL Multiphysics; to investigate the various properties and physical parameters of perovskite solar cells such as electrical and optoelectronic properties, band gap matching strategy, doping concentrations, defects density, grading effect, multivalent defects, scripting, multi-terminal/multi-junction tandem connection. The computational analysis technique is a low cost method to investigate doping concentration, device structure, operating conditions and material compositions of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). One of the prime areas of focus in this book is the computational study of the electronic structure and optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials. This scope of this book attracts researchers, scientists and industry practitioners who are interested in new materials and computational methods to increase the efficiency of photovoltaics and solar cell devices.

Engineering Fluid Dynamics

Chapter 1 Solid Particle Movement Simulation.- Chapter 2 A Central Finite Volume Surface Gradient Method.- Chapter 2 A Central Finite Volume Surface Gradient Method for the Two-layer Shallow Water Equations with Rigid Lid.- Chapter 3 Compressible Enstrophy Transport for Flow in a Low-pressure Turbine with Unsteady Wakes Impinging at the Inflow.- Chapter 4 Improving the Cooling Efficiency of Microchips by Vapor Chamber.

This book reveals the latest research outputs in computational fluid dynamics. It contains selected chapters on fluid flow problems authored by international researchers. It highlights the current trends in the modelling and simulation aspects of fluid dynamics. Even though modelling and simulations in fluid dynamics are now considered mainstream in analysing fluid flows, heat and mass transfer problems, researchers are still exploring various numerical approaches and recipes to achieve better accuracy and efficiency for challenging applications in biomedical, aerospace, renewable energy and other industrial engineering applications. The book aims to bring many of the diverse modelling and simulation tools in one place and to advance existing progress in the emerging sciences of fluid dynamics. It summarizes current mathematical and physical modelling approaches as well as computational techniques applicable to fluid dynamics. The book would be of special interest to physicists and researchers in several fields related to computational, applied sciences and engineering.

Materials Characterization Technique

Chapter 1 Cryogenic Concrete.- Chapter 2 Micro/Nano-characterization methodologies for cement-based materials.- Chapter 3 Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate.- Chapter 4 Pore structure of C-S-H under cyclic cryogenic attack.- Chapter 5 Cryogenic stability of C-S-H nanostructure and nanomechanical properties.- Chapter 6 Cryogenic stability of calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate.- Chapter 7 C-S-H superstructure.- Chapter 8 Scaling of nanoscale elastic and failure properties of cement-based materials.-  Chapter 9 Ice crystallization and liquid transport.

Materials usually show anomalous behaviors at ultra-low temperatures. Cryogenic concrete withstands prolonged exposure to temperatures as low as −165 °C and endures repeated ultra-low temperature freezing-thawing cycles. However, such cryogenic environments pose significant challenges to the safety and durability of cement concrete. This book presents an exploration to uncover the secrets of micro/nanostructures and properties of cement concrete under cryogenic attack. Across concise chapters, it introduces the fundamental concepts of cryogenic concrete and calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), followed by an in-depth examination of pore stability, degradation pathways, and molecular-editing strategies for C-S-H. Additionally, it addresses nanomechanical behavior and frost damage from an atomistic perspective, delivering a complete picture of cryogenic concrete.

Chapter 1. Cultural Sustainability in fashion.- Chapter 2. Transformation of Traditional Clothing to Modern Fashion in Tamil Culture and its Sustainability.- Chapter 3. Innovating Tradition: Fiber-Reinforced Composites in Sustainable Fashion Design.- Chapter 4. Heritage fashion – A catalyst for sustainability.- Chapter 5. ALTERNATIVE TEXTILE FIBERS AS A SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE FASHION.- Chapter 6. Traditional textile based contemporary Fashion – A Roadmap to Cultural Sustainability.

This contributed volume offers cases detailing how traditional practices can be utilized in modern fashion for more sustainable outcomes. The cases discuss ways to address sustainability and waste-generation challenges by promoting ethical sourcing, traditional craftsmanship, and culturally significant designs. As cultural sustainability becomes a critical focus in education and industry practices, this book serves as an essential resource for students, educators, and professionals seeking to embrace and implement culturally inclusive and sustainable practices in fashion.

Overview of negative poissons ratio structures.- Performance analysis of negative poissons ratio structures.- Design methods for negative poissons ratio structures.- Manufacturing method of structures with negative poissons ratio.- Engineering applications of negative poissons ratio structures.

The book focuses on the application methods of negative Poisson's ratio materials. This book classifies existing negative Poisson's ratio materials and demonstrates its innovation in the research of negative Poisson's ratio materials by providing methods for the production of negative Poisson's ratio polymers and composites, as well as optimisation methods. The book also systematically introduces the manufacturing methods and various application scenarios of negative Poisson's ratio materials, making it particularly suitable for readers interested in learning about new negative Poisson's ratio materials. This book will benefit researchers, engineers and graduate students in materials engineering, mechanical engineering, manufacturing and related fields.

Introduction to Digital Printing Overview of digital printing techniques and their evolution in the textile industry.- Sustainability in Fashion Challenges and opportunities in achieving eco-friendly practices in the fashion sector.- Digital Printing Technologies and sustainability aspects Detailed discussion on the technologies, inks, and methods used.- Environmental Impact Assessment Comparing digital printing to traditional methods regarding energy, water, and chemical usage.- Applications in Fashion Industries Case studies and examples of digital printing applications.- Future Trends and Innovations Exploring upcoming trends in digital textile printing and their potential for sustainability.

This book highlights digital printing as a transformative and sustainable solution for the fashion industry. It addresses the pressing environmental challenges posed by traditional textile printing methods while highlighting the efficiency, flexibility, and eco-friendliness of digital alternatives. With a comprehensive approach, this book combines technical insights, real-world applications, and sustainability assessments to provide a clear roadmap for adopting digital printing in fashion.

Classical Electrodynamics

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Electrostatics.- Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Continuum Theory of Dielectrics.- Molecular Theory of Non-Polar Dielectrics.- Plasmas and the Poisson – Boltzmann Equation.- Debye-Hückel Theory of Strong Electrolytes.- Electromagnetic Waves.- Light Scattering.- X-Ray Diffraction from Crystals.- Classical Mechanics and the Electromagnetic Field.- Quantum Mechanics.- Semiclassical Theory of the Interaction of Radiation with Matter.- Optical Rotation.- Dispersion Forces.

This textbook presents an introduction to electromagnetism intended for undergraduate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, and related areas. The book requires no pre-existing knowledge of physics beyond Coulomb’s Law and the idea that electric currents serve as the source of magnetic fields. Only mathematics up through vector calculus is assumed. As a supplement to these basic concepts, there is an extensive appendix with clear explanations of the theorems and mathematical methods of electromagnetism that go beyond the vector calculus. Each equation in the text and in the appendix is derived with no details left out. The book is divided into two sections; the first covers electrostatics while the second covers electrodynamics. The first section introduces the theory of charges and electric dipoles with illustrations of their application to the properties of dielectrics, colloids, polymers, and electrolyte solutions. The second section introduces Maxwell’s equations and covers electromagnetic waves, light scattering, X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, optical rotation, and the dispersive intermolecular forces, including Forster resonance energy transfer and the Hamaker force. In order to make the application of the theory of electromagnetism to chemistry complete, the book includes stand-alone chapters covering the relevant parts of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, classical mechanics, and quantum mechanics. The combination of clarity of presentation and careful attention to pedological detail serves to recommend the book as a source for self-study to students and also practicing physical chemists, who may need to refresh their memory of the various details of electromagnetism.

Introduction.- Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions in Electroslag Remelting Process.- Mathematical Simulation of Multi-Field Coupling in Electroslag Remelting Process.- Theory and Technology of Ingot Quality Control in Electroslag Remelting Process.- Fully Enclosed Controllable Atmosphere Electroslag Remelting New Technology.

The book is an authoritative introductory work on electroslag remelting technology for high-quality special steels. It comprises 9 chapters that cover the electroslag remelting technology and propose two innovative process theories. The first is the cleanliness control theory with invariable process parameters, and the second is the homogenization solidification theory of shallow molten pool at ultrafast cooling and optimal melting speeds, both of which were developed by the authors.  Based on these two theories, the book introduces relevant fundamental theories for the regulation of composition homogenization, cleanliness, solidification microstructure, and quality control technology for typical steel grades. In particular, it provides detailed information on electroslag remelting equipment and technologies for totally enclosed protective atmosphere, extra-thicksteel slabs, extra-large ingots, solid and hollow ingots.

Materials Characterization Technique

Chapter 1: Introduction to ALD Technologies.- Chapter 2: Technologies of Hydrogen Generation.- Chapter 3: Hydrogen Purification.- Chapter 4: Hydrogen Storage.- Chapter 5: ALD Modeling and Simulation-Hydrogen.- Chapter 6: Analysis and Characterization.- Chapter 7: Future Prospects.

This book focuses on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and its applications in the field of green hydrogen energy. It covers the fundamental understanding of how new functional materials can be synthesized by ALD, and provides insights into its use in advanced nanopatterning for microelectronics, energy storage systems, desalination, catalysis, and medical fields. The book also highlights the advancements in computational and experimental methodologies for optimizing ALD processes in the context of green hydrogen energy.  The book addresses aspects that might affect deposition and green hydrogen energy, and presents analysis and characterization techniques in the field. With specific examples illustrating the progress in green hydrogen ALD processes and their impact on other technologies, this book aims to enable the reduction of cost, energy waste, and adverse environmental impacts associated with hydrogen energy. It provides a comprehensive overview of ALD technology,  hydrogen production, purification, and storage methods, modeling and simulation techniques, analysis and characterization approaches, and future perspectives on green hydrogen energy.

Introduction to Engineering Materials.- Fundamentals of Materials.- Polymeric Materials.- Ceramic Materials.- Metallic Materials.- Textile Materials.- Composite Materials.- Nano/ 2D Materials.- Biomedical Materials.- Materials Characterization.- Sustainability and Materials.

The book is intended to cover the different types of materials used in modern engineering applications. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the basic concepts of materials science. Subsequently, it includes a detailed overview of metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, composites, textiles, 2D/nanomaterials, and biomaterials, exploring their structure and properties, processing techniques, and characterization methods. Last chapter of the book is dedicated on materials sustainability including life cycle assessment and its role in sustainable materials design. The book examines the environmental impact of different materials and processing techniques and explores strategies for minimizing this impact. Overall, this book will prove to be an excellent resource for undergraduate students and professionals working in domain of materials and allied areas. To the best of our knowledge, no other book available in the market comprehensively explores the engineering materials to such a breadth.

Wood, fabric, and textiles

Textile enzymes a green approach.- Catalysis and bioprocessing Applications in the textile industry. Enzyme applications in textile industry A step toward sustainable development goals.- Sustaining amylases applications through digitalization in the textile economy.- Practical aspects of handling the use of cellulases in the textile industry.- Pectinases and economic aspects related.- Biodiesel generation from textile effluents through algae and microalgae.- Role of Laccases to Achieve, net-zero carbon emissions.- The Circular Bioeconomy Concept in the textile industry.- Global Status of enzyme application in the textile industry Challenges and Roadmap.

The book offers a comprehensive overview of low-capital cost technologies for enzyme manufacture and utilization in the textile industry with sustainable bioenergy from effluent. Enzymes produced from renewable sources to replace potentially harmful chemicals in textile products have been outlined in making the textile industry greener and eco-friendly. The current book also addresses the strategies to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainability education in the textile sector. In particular, the use of green enzymes to convert by-products from textile effluents into bioenergy has been highlighted. This book outfits academic researchers, industrial practitioners, and policymakers for the engagement of green enzymes as a step toward sustainable development goals in the textile industry.

Protein studies by high pressure NMR.- Isotope-Aided Methods for Biological NMR Spectroscopy: Past, Present and Future.- Advances in NMR data acquisition and processing for protein structure determination.- Advances in high field DNP methods.- Photoirradiation and Microwave irradiation NMR Spectroscopy.- Solid-state NMR under ultrafast MAS rate of 40 - 120 kHz.- Elucidating Functional Dynamics by R1ρ and R2 Relaxation Dispersion NMR Spectroscopy.- Structural Study of Proteins by Paramagnetic Lanthanide Probe Methods.- Structure determination of membrane peptides and proteins by solid-state NMR.

This book describes advanced developments in the methodology and applications of NMR spectroscopy in the life science and materials science fields. In this book, new experimental methods and new NMR research fields are presented with chapters on the structure of membrane proteins, in cell NMR, and Electro-Mechano-Optical NMR is added. Experts in the field have contributed an exciting range of topics that cover recent advances in high-pressure NMR, selectively isotope-aided NMR, ultrafast MAS NMR, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR, optical and microwave irradiation NMR. This book emphasizes the experimental details for new researchers to use NMR spectroscopy and pick up the potentials of this technique. It is also designed for those who are involved in either developing the technique or expanding the NMR application field by applying them to specific samples. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Society of Japan has organized this book not only for NMR users of Japan but also for readers worldwide who are interested in using NMR spectroscopy extensively.  

NMR studies on silk materials.- NMR studies on polymer materials.- Solid-State 2H NMR studies of molecular motion in functional materials.- NMR Spectral Observations of the Gases in Polymer Materials.- NMR studies on natural product: Stereochemical determination and conformational analysis in solution and in membrane.- Technical basis for nuclear magnetic resonance approach for glycoproteins.-NMR studies on RNA.- NMR analysis of molecular complexity.- NMR of paramagnetic compounds.- NMR of quadrupole nuclei in organic compounds.- NMR of quadrupole nuclei, inorganic materials.- Protein ligand interactions as studied by NMR.- Protein structure and dynamics determination by residual anisotropic spin interactions.

This book describes advanced developments in the methodology and applications of NMR spectroscopy in the life science and materials science fields. In this book, experts in the NMR field have contributed an exciting range of topics that cover recent advances in structural and dynamic aspects of material molecules such as silk fibrils, polymer materials and organic light-emitting diodes, and biological molecules such as natural products, glycoproteins, and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This book emphasizes the experimental details for new researchers to use NMR spectroscopy and pick up the potential of this technique. It is also designed for those who are involved in either developing the technique or expanding the NMR application field by applying them to specific samples. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Society of Japan has organized this book not only for NMR members of Japan but also for readers worldwide who are interested in using NMR spectroscopy extensively.

1 Measure.- 2 Principles of Measuring Molecules.- 3 Measuring Molecules to Change Medicine.- 4 From Dating to the Origin of Life.- 5 Measurement Revolution.- 6 Future Prospects.

This book provides an insight into the depth and rich possibilities of the sophisticated technology of mass spectrometry that has brought Nobel Prizes to seven successive generations of scientists. The book first introduces the principles of mass spectrometry and how it will continue to change our lives. It is, so to speak, a reportage on the front lines. Then, this cutting-edge technology is briefly explained. By this, the author introduces both science and humanities majors alike to consider "what new worlds have been opened up by the power of measuring molecules," and how science is being applied to our society. This book covers the 100-year history of mass spectrometry and trends in a wide range of fields such as the latest medical diagnostics, environmental science, personal safety, and food safety. It also serves as an excellent introduction to the study of mass spectrometry. It provides easy access for those who intend to work or conduct research using mass spectrometry techniques, such as science and engineering technicians, graduate students, physicians, pharmacists, and clinical technologists. For those already engaged in the field, it will be helpful in learning about the latest trends and predicting future developments.

Summarize.- Physical property.- Degradation performance.- Corrosion resistance.- 3D Printing.- Patent.

This book systematically discusses the physical properties, corrosion resistance, application in 3D printing, and amorphous degradation properties of Fe-based amorphous alloys. Through an in-depth analysis of the structure and properties of amorphous alloys, the book reveals their potential advantages and practical performance in various industrial applications. In particular, the detailed study of corrosion resistance provides a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of materials science and engineering. The detailed experimental methods and results presented in this book are of great interest to readers, as it will provide them with the latest scientific data and practical applications. The book features numerous beautiful illustrations, detailed data tables, and innovative presentation formats designed to help readers more intuitively understand complex scientific concepts. At the same time, the book also incorporates a variety of teaching methods, making it suitable not only as a reference book for professional research, but also for the use of textbooks in higher education courses.

Bio-based fibers and fibrous wastes.- Coir fibers-Process,production,properties and application.- Characterization of Geopolymer Coir Composites.- Healing Threads:A Review on Banana Fibers and its Eco-friendly Applications.- The Future of Wool and Mohair:Exploring New Applications and Technologies.- Physical property and dyeing performance of fabrics made of sustainable paper yarn.- Sustainable garments from adapting production methods to fiber selection.- Green and sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles for functionalization of fibrous structures.- Biodegradability and Environmental Impact of Bacterial Cellulose.- Sustainable bioactive textile structures with improved aesthetic properties.

This book highlights and explains some topics of functionalized, less common (e.g., bio-based) fibrous structures creation, characterization of their properties, and their special applications. It comprises mainly some important but not widely known fibers such as bacterial cellulose, coir, banana, and mohair fibers of natural origin, bio-based fibers, and waste-based fibers (such as paper), more suitable for the future needs of the textile branch. The benefits of the preparation of synthetic fibers from natural-based monomers in comparison with fibers of natural origin are shown. The use of reprocessed and recycled fibrous wastes, leading to a reduction of consumption of resources, whether renewable or fossil, is covered as well. The modification of fibrous structures by bio-prepared metal nanoparticles is also discussed.

Introduction: The Concept of Heat and Boyle’s Natural History of Cold.- Temperature and Thermometers: The Development of the Concept of Temperature and the Invention of Laboratory Thermometers.- Herman Boerhaave: The Natural History of Fire (Heat).- Joseph Black: Towards an Experimental Foundation of Thermodynamics.- Antoine Lavoisier: Mémoire sur La Chaleur (1780) Presented and Critiqued by Clifford Truesdell’s The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics 1822-1854 (1980).- Sadi Carnot: Réflexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les Machines Propre a Développer cette Puissance (1824).- James Joule: The Foundation of the Experimental Science of Energy.- Victor Regnault: Quantitative Science of the Thermodynamics of Gases.- William Rankine: The Chemical Engineering of Heat.- Lord Kelvin: Gathering the Pieces and Creating Thermodynamics.- Rudolph Clausius: The Mechanical Theory of Heat (1867,1879) and the Formulation of the Laws of Thermodynamics.- Josiah Willard Gibbs: The Complete Theory of Thermodynamics.- James Clerk Maxwell: Towards a Microscopic Theory of Heat.- Ludwig Boltzmann: The Creation of the Full Theory of Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics.- John Tyndall: Infrared Radiation as Heat.- Walther Nernst: Experimental and Theoretical Applications of Thermodynamics to Chemistry (1907) and The New Heat Theorem (1917).- Max Planck: Towards a Quantum Understanding of Heat.- Albert Einstein: The Invention of the Full Theory of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics.- Leon Brillouin: Solid State Physics and the Importance of Phonons.- Max Born: The Importance of Phonons and Electrons in the Science of Heat.- Thermal Conductivity in the 21st Century.

This book explores the human understanding of heat, from early cultural perceptions to the scientific developments that shaped thermal science. Beginning with historical musings on heat, it traces the evolution of scientific thought from 16th-century Italy to the quantum understanding of heat in the 20th century. The book examines how humans have perceived, measured, and produced heat, leading to a unified concept that has remained constant: "heat flows from a hot body to a cold body''. It serves as an excellent resource for chemists and anyone interested in the history of chemistry and science.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Thermodynamics and Statistics of Soft Matter.- Liquid Crystals with Orientational and Positional Orders.- Photochemistry of Functional Soft Matter.- Photophysics of Organic Dyes Molecules.- Electronic processes in organic molecular systems.- Mechanical Properties of Soft Matter.- Aromaticity for Functional Soft Materials.- Components of Biomaterials.- Magnetic Properties of Soft Matter.- Synthesis and Electronic Properties of π-Conjugated Polymers.- Ionic Liquids and Polymer Electrolytes.

This is the first volume in a two-volume textbook, Functional Soft Matter, written for students and early-career researchers to learn the scientific foundations of functional soft matter. It is followed by the second volume, Functional Soft Matter II: Analytical Methods and Topics. This book introduces the chemical and physical foundations of functional soft matter. It covers thermal, mechanical, photochemical, photophysical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Materials discussed include liquid crystals, aromatic compounds, conjugated polymers, ionic liquids, and biomaterials. Undergraduate students and young researchers will gain a solid grounding in these materials and properties, together with current imaging applications and those anticipated in the future.

Introduction to Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).- Fundamental Properties of Magnetic Nanomaterials.- Synthesis techniques for Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs).- Surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles.- Characterization Techniques of Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).- Magnetic Properties and Industrial Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).- Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs) in catalysis.- Environmental Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).- Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs) in Photocatalysis.- Applications of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials (FMNs) for Electrocatalysis in renewable energy technologies.- Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants using Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).- Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs) in Chemical sensing and detection.- Concluding Remarks on Environmental and Catalytic Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials (FMNs).

This contributed volume provides a comprehensive exploration of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials (FMNs), detailing their historical development, fundamental properties, and synthesis techniques. It focuses on surface functionalization strategies, characterization methods, and the various industrial applications of FMNs in fields like catalysis, environmental remediation, and renewable energy. The chapters cover the mechanisms behind FMNs' effectiveness in catalysis and pollution control, as well as their roles in advanced material design and chemical sensing. Finally, the book discusses the challenges of scaling up production for industrial use and highlights future trends and innovations in this rapidly evolving field. It is a valuable resource for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the areas of materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and environmental science. 

Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

Introduction to functionalized nanocomposites hydrogels and their applications.- Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites hydrogels.- Classification of the wound and its nature.- Biology of wound healing and the factors influencing the healing process.- Metal nanoparticles application in wound healing.- Ceramic nanofiber-based materials for chronic wounds.- Preparation and application of Polymer-based nanomedicine for wounds.- Hydrogel dressing for wound repair.- Synthetic drugs loaded with Hydrogel Dressing.- Hydrogels as combinational therapy for wound healing.- Hydrogels against wounds causing opportunistic pathogens.- Future scope of hydrogels-based wound healing.

This book presents recent advancements in wound care systems using functionalized nanomaterials based hydrogels to prevent infection and promote wound healing. In clinical set-ups or hospitals, wound healing remains a challenging problem; a proper, efficient, and cost-effective wound management system is essential. Additionally, wounds infected with multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MAR) opportunistic pathogens cause prolonged patient debility, increasing healthcare costs. The chapters in this book comprehensively introduce functionalized nanocomposite hydrogels and their application to wound healing. It describes the synthesis, fabrication, and properties of hydrogel systems such as metal nanoparticles, ceramic nanofiber, and polymer-based nanomedicine, to function as a wound dressing to promote repair and prevent infection. This book will appeal to clinical practitioners, researchers, engineers, and scientists interested in biomaterials for applications primarily in wound care and recovery.

Soft and Granular Matter

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Introduction to polymer science.- Conformations in polymers.-  Rubber elasticity.- Polymer solutions.-  The glassy amorphous state.- The molten state.- Morphology of Semicrystalline Polymers: Concepts, Analytical Methods and Structure-Property Relationships.-  Crystallisation kinetics.-  Chain orientation.-  Polymer synthesis.-  Solutions to problems given in exercises.

This successor to the popular textbook, “Polymer Physics” (Springer, 1999), is the result of a quarter-century of  teaching experience as well as critical comments from specialists in the various sub-fields, resulting in better explanations and more complete coverage of key topics. With a new chapter on polymer synthesis, the perspective was broadened in the second edition to encompass all of polymer science. The third edition contains substantial information about polysaccharides and proteins included in essentially all chapters. Cheap computing power has greatly expanded the role of simulation and modelling in the past decades, which is reflected in many of the chapters. Additional problems and carefully prepared graphics aid have been added. Note the availability at Springer  of the companion books by the same authors: Essential Classical Thermodynamics (2020) and Applied Polymer Science (2021).  Two principles are key to the textbook’s appeal: 1) Students learn that, independent of the origin of the polymer, synthetic or native, the same general laws apply, and 2) students should benefit from the book without an extensive knowledge of mathematics. Taking the reader from the basics to an advanced level of understanding, the text meets the needs of a wide range of students in chemistry, physics, materials science, biotechnology, and civil engineering, and is suitable for both masters- and doctoral-level students.  Praise for the previous edition:  ...an excellent book, well written, authoritative, clear and concise, and copiously illustrated with appropriate line drawings, graphs and tables. Polymer International ...an extremely useful book. It is a pleasure to recommend it to physical chemists and materials scientists, as well as physicists interested in the properties of polymeric materials. Polymer News This valuable book is ideal for those who wish to get a brief background in polymer science as well as for those who seek a further grounding in the subject. Colloid Polymer Science The solutions to the exercises are given in the final chapter, making it a well thought-out teaching text. Polymer Science

1. Foundations of Powder Metallurgy.- 2. Core Techniques in Powder Metallurgy.- 3. Additive Manufacturing with Metal Powders.- 4. Metal Injection Molding (MIM) and Emerging Variants.- 5. Products and Applications of Powder Metallurgy in Industry.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of powder metallurgy and its transformative impact on modern manufacturing processes. It covers advanced techniques such as mechanical alloying, sintering, and additive manufacturing, demonstrating their real-world applications across industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy. The chapters explore the synthesis and characterization of materials, as well as the use of nanotechnology to enhance properties like strength, thermal resistance, and conductivity. With a focus on both traditional methods and emerging technologies, this book showcases how powder metallurgy is driving innovation and shaping the future of material design and industrial production.

Introduction.- Plastics Materials.- Thermoforming Process Overview.- The Forming Process.- Part Design.- Mold / Tool Design.- Quality Control Issues.- Lean Operations.- Environmental Issues.

This second edition serves as a foundational guide to plastics thermoforming, covering the essential topics of the industry today. The authors take a process application approach to the topic, rather than focusing on theory. The book explains materials and processes, as well as part and tool design. This second edition includes thorough discussion of green plastics within an expanded chapter on environmental issues. The authors also cover quality control, which is critical to any operation. The book provides information about actual products and processes with the intent of understanding practical issues in the industry, which makes the book a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field of thermoforming, including manufacturing, managers, process engineers, and quality engineers. This second edition expands upon the original book and brings it up to date with additional data and key updates.

Characterization and Analytical Technique

1. Introduction and Fundamentals.- 1.1 Coincidence site lattice boundaries.- 1.2 Twin related boundaries.- 1.3 Grain boundary network.- 1.4 Microstructural evolution during grain boundary engineering.- 1.5 Property improvement by grain boundary engineering.- 1.6 Three-Dimensional Characterization of Microstructure.- 2. Application of Grain Boundary Engineering in Austenitic Alloys.- 2.1 Grain boundary engineering of Alloy 690.- 2.2 Grain boundary engineering of 316/316L stainless steels.- 2.3 Grain boundary engineering of 304 stainless steel.- 3. Optimization of Grain Boundary Network by Grain Boundary Engineering.- 3.1 Twin-related domain and its growth.- 3.2 Multiple-twining.- 4. Three-dimensional Geometry of Grains and Grain Boundaries.- 4.1 3D EBSD characterization.- 4.2 3D geometry of grains.-  4.3 3D geometry of grain boundaries.- 4.4 Distribution of 3D geometrical parameters.- 4.5 Twin boundaries in 3D.- 4.6 Effects of GBE on 3D grains.- 5. Grain Boundary Network in Three-dimension.- 5.1 Triple-junction.- 5.2 Quadruple-junction.- 5.3 Twin boundary distribution in 3D network.- 5.4 Characteristics of 3D grain boundary network after GBE.- 6. Grain Boundary Engineering for Improved Resistance to Intergranular Degradation.- 6.1 Propagation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking.- 6.2 Fracture morphology of intergranular stress corrosion cracking.- 6.3 Effects of CSL on intergranular cracking susceptibility.- 6.4 Models of intergranular cracking in 3D.- 6.5 Comparative properties of GBE and non-GBE materials.- 7. Summary and Overviews.

This book systematically elucidates the latest breakthroughs in Grain Boundary Engineering (GBE) technology for addressing the critical industry challenge of intergranular stress corrosion cracking in key components of nuclear power plants. Focusing on austenitic stainless steels and nickel-based alloys, it provides an in-depth exploration of how precise grain boundary design and control fundamentally enhance material service performance and longevity under extreme operating conditions. A distinctive feature of this work is its application of advanced 3D microstructural characterization, which clearly reveal the mechanisms behind grain boundary network evolution and performance optimization. Furthermore, it introduces innovative processing methodologies applicable to large-scale engineering components, effectively bridging the gap between GBE theory and industrial practice. This volume serves as an essential reference for researchers and engineers in materials science and nuclear engineering, as well as for graduate students and faculty in related disciplines.

Innovations in Energy, Environment, and Biomedical Applications

Light-Matter Interaction

Introduction.- Photocatalytic Applications.- Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Application.- Biomedical Applications.- Solar Cell Applications.- Future Prospective.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, properties, and multifunctional applications of g-C₃N₄, with a strong emphasis on its role in solving critical global challenges. As the world faces escalating challenges related to energy scarcity and environmental pollution, the demand for sustainable solutions has never been greater. Over the past four decades, global energy consumption has risen by an average of 2.2% per year, and by 2050, it is projected to increase by an additional 30%. Currently, fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas account for nearly 90% of the world’s energy supply, underscoring the urgent need for renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Among the most promising solutions is solar energy, an abundant, renewable, and sustainable resource. Photocatalysis, which harnesses solar energy for chemical transformations, has emerged as a key technology for addressing environmental and energy-related challenges. Central to this process are photocatalysts, materials that drive essential reactions such as water splitting, pollutant degradation, and CO₂ reduction. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has garnered significant attention as a metal-free semiconductor with remarkable photocatalytic properties. Its ease of synthesis, chemical stability, and tunable electronic structure make it highly effective in a wide range of applications, including energy conversion, environmental remediation, and biomedical technologies. Beyond photocatalysis, g-C₃N₄ has shown promise in supercapacitors, batteries, electrocatalysis, and emerging biomedical applications such as biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery, and antimicrobial treatments. Covering photocatalysis, electrochemical energy storage, solar cells, and biomedical advancements, this book offers researchers, engineers, and industry professionals an in-depth understanding of the latest developments and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. With its interdisciplinary approach and practical focus, this book serves as a valuable resource for scientists working on materials science, nanotechnology, renewable energy, and environmental sustainability. By exploring both fundamental principles and cutting-edge applications, it aims to inspire new research pathways and innovative solutions for a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Introduction.- Penetration Resistance of Cork Agglomerates.- Deceleration Behavior of Cork Pads.- Shock Attenuation Response in Cork Panels.- Anti-Impact Properties of Cork Core Sandwich Structures.- Crashworthiness Applications With Cork Composites .- Blast Resistance in Cork-Based Materials.

Guarding with Cork: A Sustainable Solution for Protection offers a detailed and comprehensive exploration of the numerous protective applications of cork-based materials. Aimed at engineers, researchers, and scientists, it provides a wealth of information on the protective properties of cork and its applications in various engineering scenarios. Cork-based materials are a renewable green resource technology that are used extensively in engineering applications where protection is crucial. Cork can play a vital role in enhancing protection from crashworthiness to energy-absorbing composites, anti-impact structures, and shock attenuation systems. The book examines these applications from various perspectives, providing a thorough understanding of the protective properties of cork under different conditions. With its valuable insights and comprehensive approach, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in cork and its protective applications.

Islamic Cultural Studies

Part I: Vaccines.- 1. Novel vaccine development.- 2. Halal COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing.- Part II: Diagnostics.- 3. Application of Nanobiosensors: protein detection.- 4. Current trends in DNA and RNA molecular diagnostics for [infectious, common] diseases.- Part III: Treatment.- 5. Biological therapies - antibody preparations.- 6. Small molecules / non biologicals– anti-virals / antibiotics.- Part IV: Drug Discovery.- 7. Marine Natural Products.- 8. Medicinal Herbal Plants.- 9. Issues in Halal Medicine.

This book raises the consciousness of halal aspects in medicinal chemistry. It is an academic treatise on the advanced technologies for vaccination, diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery. The novel aspect is to view each topic from a halal perspective, targeting students, researchers, academics, and professionals from various industries. Experts in the field write each chapter. A practical approach identifies the issues, their importance, and how they align with the needs of Muslims and the broader global community.

Bitumen.- Aggregates.- Asphalt Mixture Design.- Asphalt Production.- Asphalt delivery, laying, and compaction.- Asphalt quality control and quality assurance.- Types of Asphalt Concrete Surfacing.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of asphalt materials, serving as a valuable resource for practicing engineers, laboratory technicians, researchers, engineering students, and academics. It covers both fundamental principles and advanced theoretical concepts, ensuring a well-rounded understanding of asphalt technology.The content is structured around the three primary components of asphalt—bitumen, aggregates, and asphalt mixtures—detailing their properties, characteristics, and roles in pavement performance. Additionally, the book delves into practical engineering aspects such as base preparation, material delivery, compaction, laying techniques, asphalt mixture design, quality control, and quality assurance, offering insights that are highly relevant to industry professionals. Furthermore, the book explores various types of asphalt pavements, modern mix design methodologies such as Balanced Mix Design (BMD) and Superpave Mix Design, and emerging trends in asphalt technology, making it an indispensable guide for those involved in the development and advancement of sustainable and high-performance pavements.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Fundamentals.- Materials, technologies, and advancement in batteries.- Advancement in materials and processing for supercapacitors.- Battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices.- Advanced nanomaterials for photovoltaics.- Recent advances in fuel cells and technologies.- Nanomaterials for water electrolysis.- Nanomaterials for hydrogen storage.- Materials for carbon capture and storage.- Piezoelectric and thermoelectric materials.

This handbook comprehensively reviews the basic to the most advanced topics in the area of different material systems and their composites for advanced energy applications. It covers materials chemistry, various synthesis approaches, and properties of energy materials in the latest technology developed for energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, carbon capture) and energy conversion (photovoltaics, water electrolysis, piezoelectric, thermoelectric. It provides new direction to the readers to better understand the chemistry behind energy materials and methods to improve the performance of energy devices. This book will be a very valuable reference source for (1) Postgraduate students and scientists working in the energy-related field of materials science, nanoscience, and nanotechnology, (2) Industrial practitioners and engineers from the commercial sectors of green energy production and energy storage.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Basic Concepts of Photo-catalytic Materials and Summary of all the Chapters.- Metal Chalcogenides: An emerging class of photocatalysts.- Potential of Nitride-Based Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation.- Theoretical Design of Novel Photocatalyst for H2 Generation under Sunlight.- Nanostructured Semiconductors for Broadband Photocatalysis.- Bismuth Iron Oxide Based Systems Toward Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants.- Efficient charge separation mechanism in various nanostructured photocatalysts for their enhanced photocatalytic performance.- Doing chemistry of Bismuth Vanadate photo active materials: Role of doping, nano architecture, hetero-structure towards hydrogen generation by photoelectrochemical water splitting.- Photocatalysis: History, Fundamentals, and Applications.- Rare-earth ions doped nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications.- Titanateperovskite based hybrid materials for photocatalytic applications.- G-C3N4 based core-shells as emerging photocatalytic material towards energy and environmental applications.- Transition Metal Based Photoredox Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: Recent Developments.- Photocatalysis in Transition Metal Selenides.- Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications.

This book presents state-of-the-art coverage of the basic concept, new materials for photocatalysis and their applications. The contents cover types of photocatalysis, homogeneous photocatalysis, heterogeneous photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, basic principles of photocatalytic water splitting, theoretical models, UV-light-active photocatalysis, visible-light-active photocatalysis, NIR-lighter-active photocatalysis, various synthesis methods, solar energy conversion, photo-reductive process for trace metal ions, and theoretical design of novel photocatalyst for H2 generation under sunlight. Various semiconductors such as BiFeO3, BiVO4, titanate perovskites (ATiO3), nitrides, oxynitides, metal chalcogenides, graphenes, G-C3N4 based core-shells, transition metals based complexes, transition metal selenides, metal oxides like TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, NiO, CuO and MgO and their various nanocomposites, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), plasmonic semiconductor heterostructures, 2D-layered nanostructures, perovskite-oxide based nanostructures, semiconductors heterostructures, rare-earth ions doped nanomaterials, role of co-catalyst, and band gap engineering are also elaborated. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of materials science, especially photocatalytic materials.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

Part I: Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals -Formulation and Characterisation.- Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals-overview of the market.- Potential nutraceutical ingredients.- Nutrient Requirements in health and disease. Nutraceutical and nano nutraceuticals for different class of diseases: CNS and Alzheimer’s disease. Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for CVS and BP.- Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for obesity, diabetes and kidney disease. Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for gastrointestinal disorders. Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for chronic disease-cancer.- Nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations for inflammation and wound healing. Solutions, aqueous solutions, juices and syrups and its evaluation.- Emulsions, Suspensions and evaluation of nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Solid dosage forms  and evaluation of nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Microscopical methods for evaluating the nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Spectroscopical methods for evaluating the nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Chromatographic techniques for evaluating the nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Microbiological evaluation of the nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Stability and thermal analysis for evaluating the nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals formulations.- Part II: Controlled and Sustained Delivery of Nutraceuticals and Nano Nutraceuticals.- General overview of controlled and sustained release systems – Its release mechanism and kinetics.- Food derived biopolymers for delivery of nutrients.- Biodegradable synthetic polymers for delivery of nutrients.- Lipid, Self-assembly of lipid particles  and Liposomes delivery of nutritional components.- Micro emulsion, nano emulsion and Emulsion droplet system for delivering bioactive component.- Hydrogels and Organogels for delivering bioactive component.- Nanoencapsulation of controlled release of active components.- Fluidized bed drying, freeze drying and pan coating process of bioactive ingredient.- Spray drying, Spray chilling and spray cooling of nutraceutical ingredient.- Hot melt extrusion and complex coacervation system for delivering bioactive component.- Ionotropic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation technique for delivering active components.- Interfacial and in-situ polymerization system for delivering bioactives.- Sol-gel, phase inversion precipitation and microfluidic system for controlled delivery of bioactives.- Granulation, electrodynamic atomization and supercritical fluid technology for delivering bioactive components.- Electrospinning technology for controlled delivery of bioactive ingredient.- Assessing the bioavailability and testing the effectiveness of nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals.- Future outlook of controlled release delivery technologies for nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals.

This book explores the complete development cycle of nutraceuticals and nano-nutraceuticals, with particular focus on manufacturing techniques and formulation strategies. It discusses their physicochemical behavior and presents innovative analytical characterization methods. The text also includes a variety of formulation approaches along with pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic evaluations. Several chapters address the controlled delivery of nutraceutical components, and the use of natural and biodegradable polymers in delivery systems is thoroughly reviewed. In vitro evaluation techniques for assessing nutrient delivery effectiveness are covered in detail, along with discussions on bioavailability, food additives, and encapsulation technologies. A dedicated chapter on the future of controlled-release technologies rounds out the volume.

Properties and Applications of Helium.- Helium Resources and Market.- Industrial Chain of Extracting Helium from Natural Gas.- Crude Helium Extraction Technologies.- Crude Helium Refining Technologies.- Helium Liquefaction Technologies.- Helium Storage and Transport.- Equipment for Helium Extraction from Natural Gas.- Helium Extraction Plants from Natural Gas.

This book, grounded in the fundamental properties of helium, provides a detailed exploration of its characteristics and primary uses. Additionally, it examines the global distribution of helium resources and the associated market conditions, offering a comprehensive analysis of the key stages in the natural gas-based helium extraction value chain. The discussion covers the extraction and refining of crude helium, the liquefaction of helium, its storage and transportation, as well as essential process equipment. Furthermore, it introduces typical helium extraction facilities worldwide and offers a projection of future developments in natural gas-based helium extraction technology and the broader helium industry chain. 

Introduction.- Origins of Glass: Myth and Known History.- Early Development and Growth of Glass.- Glass During the Roman Period.- Reinventing an Old Material: Venice and the New Glass.- Glass in the West: The Introduction of Potash-Lime Glass.- Applications to Chemical Apparatus.- From Windows to Lenses: Impact on Science and Society.- Conclusions.

This monograph explores the history and chemistry of glass technology, tracing its origins from antiquity through its evolution into a vital material for science and society. Beginning with early synthetic silica glass production around 2500 BCE, it examines its development up through the Roman period, the transformative innovations of Venetian and Murano glassmakers, and the eventual rise of Bohemian glass. The text highlights glass’s crucial role in the development of mirrors, lenses, eyeglasses, and chemical apparatus, all of which enabled critical scientific advancements. Covering glass’s refinement up to the 18th century, this book dives into its profound impact on both chemical practices and broader societal advancements. This volume is an updated and extended version of the author’s earlier Springer publication, How Glass Changed the World: The History and Chemistry of Glass from Antiquity to the 13th Century (2012), expanding the historical scope and deepening the analysis of glass’s transformative role in science and society.

Hybrid Supercapacitors.- Hybrid Nanostructures in High Energy Density Supercapacitors.- Hybrid Nanostructures with Conducting Polymers for High-Performance Supercapacitors.- Graphene-Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors.- Nanostructures in Hybrid Lithium and Sodium-Ion Capacitors.- Nanohybrid Materials in Flexible and Wearable Supercapacitors.- Polymer-based Hybrid Nanostructures for Supercapacitors.- Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitor Applications.- Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Hybrid Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Capacitors.- Computational Modeling of Nanomaterials for Advanced Supercapacitors.

This contributed volume overviews the advancements in supercapacitor technology, highlighting the role of hybrid nanostructures in enhancing charge storage capabilities and their applications in transportation, electronics, and renewable energy. It addresses fundamental material design and hybrid architecture formation and explores critical challenges associated with these technologies. The book includes clear experimental procedures for synthesizing different nano-hybrid structures, and it also covers testing methods for various types of supercapacitors, including electrical double-layer capacitors and hybrid devices. Additionally, it discusses various charge storage mechanisms and configurations for capacitor assemblies, providing valuable insights for improving energy density. The intended audience includes researchers, graduate students, and professionals in materials science, energy storage, and related fields.  

HYDROGEN: ENERGY VECTOR AND FUEL.- HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT: FUNDAMENTALS.- HYDROGEN EMBRITTLMENT: THE CASE OF STAINLESS STEELS.- HYDROGEN EMBRITTLMENT: THE CASE OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS.- HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT: THE CASE OF TITANIUM.- HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT: THE CASE OF NICKEL.

This book provides a complete description of hydrogen technologies from the basic theoretical underpinnings to the different production routes for various applications. It summarizes the most recent research findings with respect to theory and the broad array of industrial technologies currently in place as well as those under development with high potential. Special attention is given to the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms at room and high temperatures as well as problems related to hydrogen in liquid and high-pressure compressed states.  The author further describes the hydrogen diffusion embrittlement issues related to different types of metallic materials from steel to light alloys to nikel-based superalloys.

Synthetic Chemistry Methodology

Precise Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Analogues.- Chemical approach to uncover the biological functions of sialic acid-containing glycans.- Synthetic strategies for di-, oligo-, and polysialic acids with applications as Siglec ligands.- Chemical Biology of Core M3 O-Mannosyl Glycan.- Chemical Approaches to Understand Physiological Functions of High-Mannose-Type Glycan-Related Proteins.- Pseudo-Glycans as Molecular Tools for Chemical Glycobiology.- Elucidating the Immune Functions of Glycans through Synthesis-Based Approaches.-Chemical Approaches to Explore the Function of Bacterial Glycolipid MPIase.-Glycolipid-recognizing C-Type lectin receptors: ligand structures and molecular probes for biofunctional analysis.-Multivalent Probes for Exploring Carbohydrate Binding Proteins..

This book introduces the emerging field of chemical biology of carbohydrates, presenting significant advances in the study of carbohydrate chemistry and biology. Leading experts in Japan provide comprehensive explanations of their research, integrating both chemical and biological perspectives. The volume highlights research strategies, experimental approaches, and the challenges encountered in this interdisciplinary field, offering readers insight into the development of scientific ideas and methodologies. Although focused on Japanese research, the content is relevant to an international audience. Designed for graduate students, researchers, and educators, this book provides authoritative, up-to-date knowledge and serves as a valuable resource for teaching, research guidance, and exploring new directions in carbohydrate chemistry and biology.  

Effect of different additives (organic/inorganic) on surfactants’ behavior.- Surfactants application in pharmaceutical industry.- Singular and mixed surfactants system as an anticorrosive agent.- Sustainable application of surfactants in petrochemical industry.- Physico-chemical behavior of different types of gemini surfactants and their applications.- Application of surfactants in personal care products.- Sustainable biosurfactants examining for replacement of chemical surfactants.- Association behaviors and applications of chiral surfactants.- Physicochemical behavior and applications of Biosurfactants.- Solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in singular and mixed Surfactant system.- Bio-surfactants importance in drug absorption enhancement.- Interfacial and Colloidal Properties of Surfactants for various Applications.- Application of Biosurfactants in Preparation of Sustainable Agrochemicals.- Current advancement in Surfactants and their applications.- Preparation, characteristics, and Applications of Zwitterionic Surfactants.- Layout of self-assembling of Pluronic surfactants and their applications.- Nonionic surfactants properties and their applications in drug delivery.- Applications of microbial surfactants in biotechnology.- Advantages of Biosurfactants over Chemical Surfactants.- An Overview of Synthetic Surfactants and Their Probable Applications in different sectors.- Application of biosurfactants in different food industries.

This book reviews the physical-chemical properties of individual and mixed surfactant systems and its application in various industry sectors to produce household and personal care products. The book starts off with experimental along with theoretical approaches to study the microscopic behavior of surfactants. In particular, it looks into a characteristic of surfactant molecules ability to associate into micelles in solutions and the formation of mixed micelles when they are formed from more than one species of surfactant of different nature. Mixed micelles are very useful in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and medicine formulation, enhanced oil recovery, micellar solubilization, dispersion, suspension, anti-corrosion agent as described by the various chapters in this book. This book caters to students and researchers, whose area of interest are surfactant systems and their role in different area of science.

Solubilization of drug and drug release from pure and mixed surfactant micelles.- Characterization of surfactant micelles using different techniques.- Fundamental study of amphiphilic ionic liquids as new surfactants and their applications.- Development of targeted drug delivery systems using surfactant micelles.- Surfactants: Basic Principles and Applications in Biomedical Sciences.- Microbial surfactants: Properties, Applications, and Production Studies.- Investigation of the synergistic effects of surfactant mixtures for enhanced oil recovery.- Interactions between surfactants and biological macromolecules in a physical and chemical context.- Clouding behavior of surfactant systems and their applications.- An integrated study of surfactant applications in chemical and petrochemical industry.- An overview of the role of biosurfactants in industrial agriculture.- Developing different industrial applications for microbial biosurfactants.- An overview of the current state of ionic liquid-based surfactants for biological applications.- Enhancing oil recovery through the use of surfactants as emulsifying agents.- A review of recent research into the application of biosurfactants to wastewater treatment.- Biological surfactants in the organic pollution remediation of marine sediments.- Different Gemini surfactants: Preparation, characterization, classification and their application.- An overview of zwitterionic surfactants in their synthesis and application.- Synthesis of different nature of ionic liquids and their biological applications.- Delivery of drugs using micelles - a new prototype in therapeutics.

This book reviews the physical-chemical properties of individual and mixed surfactant systems and its application in various industry sectors to produce household and personal care products. The book starts off with experimental along with theoretical approaches to study the microscopic behavior of surfactants. In particular, it looks into a characteristic of surfactant molecules ability to associate into micelles in solutions and the formation of mixed micelles when they are formed from more than one species of surfactant of different nature. Mixed micelles are very useful in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and medicine formulation, enhanced oil recovery, micellar solubilization, dispersion, suspension, anti-corrosion agent as described by the various chapters in this book. This book caters to students and researchers, whose area of interest are surfactant systems and their role in different area of science.

1. General Information on Small Volume Blast Furnaces. History of Hot Metal Production by Mini Blast Furnaces.- 2. Theoretical Aspects of Mini Blast Furnace Design and Operation for Hot Metal production.- 3. The Best Available Technologies in the Production of Hot Metal and Ferroalloys by Mini Blast Furnaces.- 4. Requirements for the Metallurgical Properties of Charge Materials for Mini Blast Furnaces.- 5. Basic Charge Materials for Mini Blast Furnaces.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of modern hot metal and ferroalloy smelting technologies, focusing on mini blast furnaces as a key player in the global transition to green metallurgy. Drawing from years of practical experience and scientific insights, the book offers a field-tested description of these furnaces, providing practical recommendations and optimizing operational modes to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. From theoretical foundations to practical applications, this book is useful for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals interested in the landscape of eco-friendly metallurgical practices.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

1. A Comprehensive Look at MoS2 Nanostructures: From Synthesis to Tailored Functionality.- 2. Overview: Multidisciplinary Applications of Quantum Dots in Energy, Biomedicine and other Advanced Technologies.- 3. Physics of some selected non-Perovskite ABO3 compounds.- 4. Industrial process simulators applied to the study of biomass conversion.- 5. DFT simulations on reactivity, solvent, and nitrogenous base pair interactivity of the Ru-(II)-η6-p-cymen-trifluorbenzilfosfone complex.- 6. Synthesis and Application of Silver Nanoparticles in the Development of Paints with Antimicrobial Properties.- 7. Sustainable Alternatives for the Beneficiation of Pyrite from Coal Mining Waste Envisioning Future Technological Applications.

This book presents recent advances in the development and application of innovative materials for sustainable energy and environmental solutions. It explores the synthesis, characterization, and performance of nanomaterials, semiconductors, and functional composites in technologies such as solar cells, microbial fuel cells, and photocatalytic systems. Special attention is given to environmentally focused applications, including biomass conversion, pyrite beneficiation, and antimicrobial coatings. By bridging materials science with energy and environmental engineering, the book offers researchers and practitioners valuable insights into emerging strategies for clean energy generation and ecological remediation.

Introduction.- Suspension Magnetization Roasting Technology and Equipment.- Deep Reduction Short Process Technology for Refractory Iron Ore.- Green Preparation of Super Iron Concentrate and Clean Steel base Material.- New Ceramic Ball Stirred Mill Energy-saving Ore Grinding Technology and Equipment.

This book mainly introduces pioneering technologies in the field of efficient utilization of iron ore, specifically including suspension magnetization roastingtechnology and equipment of complex refractory iron ore, coal-based reduction technology of extremely refractory iron ore, green preparation of super iron concentrate and clean steel base material, energy-saving grinding technology and equipment of new ceramic ball stirring mill, stepped flotation of carbonate-containing hematite and other common key technologies in mineral processing. This book comprehensively elaborates and refines the above-mentioned technologies and equipments from the basic theory, laboratory research, to the semi-industrial test and industrial test level.This book can be read for reference by college teachers and students, researchers, engineering technicians and enterprise administrators in the fields of basic research and applied technology research on the iron ore resource processing.

Introduction.- Electrospinning Basics.- Electrospinning Setup.- Electrospinning Parameters.- Parametric Studies on Electrospinability.- Characterization of Nanofiber and Nanofiber Materials.- Transparency of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats.- Near-field Electrospinning.

The target audience of this is senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineering practitioners who are about to enter or entering the fields of nanofiber, nanofiber materials, electrospinning, and the like. This book is expected to prepare the readers, rather than providing the details of any specifics. This type of book is necessary because many researchers in training need basics to jump start the projects related to the research topics above. They also need to understand the potential applications to be direct their research. However, this type of book is missing, regardless of many handbooks or books focused on a specific field. The first half of the book introduces the basics of electrospinning and nanofiber technologies, leading the readers into the field step by step. It is expected to set a solid foundation for researchers in training (e.g. graduate students) before the jump into the particular research project (e.g. PhD thesis project). The contents are ordered such way that junior researchers normally follow. This book can also be used as a general reference book for those who are interested in the subjects. Each chapter is written as independent as possible, with references listed at the end of the chapter. Readers who can dig deep into the field after reading the chapters and the references listed.

Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film

Physical Phenomenon of Laser, Arc, Plasma And Hybrid Laser-Plasma Processes.- 2. Methods of Laser Surface Engineering.- 3. Thermal Processes in Materials During Laser Surface Treatment.- 4. Structural-Phase Transformations in Surface Layers During Laser Treatment.- 5. Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Surface Layers After Laser Treatment.- 6. Technological Processes of Laser Surface Engineering.- 7. Laser Welding and Cutting.

This book presents advanced laser and hybrid plasma-laser technologies, covering mathematical models of thermal processes, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties across major metal groups. It explores laser-plasma interaction dynamics, absorption efficiency, and thermal field calculations under pulsed and continuous heating. Surface layer characteristics are examined alongside practical applications including laser-based stiffening, thermo-deformation hardening, sheet metal forming, diamond-containing composite coatings, laser-powder surfacing, and surface treatments like cleaning and nitriding. The content reflects the combined expertise of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and the Paton Electric Welding Institute.

Characterization and Analytical Technique

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Diffusion in continuum.- Atomic theory of diffusion.- Chemical reaction kinetics.- Diffusion in concentration gradients.- Kinetics of phase transformation initial stage.- Kinetics of phase transformation later stage.- Diffusion in ionic solids.- Kinetics of gas solid reaction diffusion controlled case.

This updated, second edition features a new section how to document and measure all the mass and charge transport properties of a material and a comprehensive solution manual for end-of-chapter exercise problems, that is designed to help readers themselves grasp and apply the fundamental knowledge of kinetics.  It remains an essential primer for beginning graduate or senior undergraduate students in materials discipline, presenting fundamental and quantitative ideas on kinetic processes in materials.  Kinetics is concerned with the rate of change of the state of existence of a material system under thermodynamic driving forces. Typically, kinetic processes in materials involve chemical reactions and diffusion either in parallel or in tandem. Thus, mathematics of diffusion in continuum is first dealt with in some depth, followed by the atomic theory of diffusion and a brief review of chemical reaction kinetics. As applications, then follow chemical diffusion in multi-component materials ( e.g., metallic alloys  and mixed ionic electronic conductors),  the kinetics of phase transformations, and the kinetics of gas-solid reactions. Through this course of learning and practice, a student will become able to predict quantitatively how fast a kinetic process takes place, to understand the inner workings of the process, and to design an optimal process for state changes in materials used in processing applications.

Background.- Introduction to Separation Science.- Size-Based Separations.- Experimental Variables.- Interaction Polymer Chromatography.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to macromolecular separation science. It is unique in its in-depth combined coverage of the fundamentals and applications of each individual technique. This includes both widely employed as well as niche methods. It is also comprehensive regarding the instrumentation, especially but not limited to detectors, employed as well as the physical and chemical information obtained from various separations-detector couplings and also from multi-dimensional separations. Abundant figures and tables combine to illustrate each point. This book provides an indispensable guide for those working in the field of macromolecular separation science; to those seeking information about individual techniques; to polymer scientists and chromatographers in general; and to students, beginning practitioners, and experts alike.

Materials Engineering

Structural and thermodynamic properties of Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys and their hydrides.- Kinetics of hydrogenation reactions in Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys.- The preparation of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.

This book summarizes the thermodynamics and kinetics of Mg-based storage materials and introduces recent progress, including alloying, adding catalysts/composites and nanosizing on Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. The content describes the fundamental theories of hydrogen storage materials and reviews the key achievements in applications. The targeted audience of this book includes scientific/engineering researchers, technicians, lectures, entrepreneurs, and investors at all levels related to hydrogen energy, materials, chemicals, etc. This book can also be used as a textbook for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in hydrogen energy, materials, and chemical engineering.

Introduction to Magnesium.- Metal Matrix Composites.- Synthesis Techniques for Magnesium Based Composites.- Magnesium Based Composites.- Review of Characteristics of Magnesium Nanocomposites.- Machinability of Magnesium Composites.- Weldability of Magnesium Composites.- Coatings for Magnesium and Composites.

The book provides a detailed study and review on magnesium composites and includes recent studies on nanoparticulate reinforced magnesium composites, metastable composites and syntactic composites highlighting the improvement in properties compared with conventional micron-size ceramic-reinforced magnesium composites. It provides a comprehensive review on magnesium composites focusing on the addition of nanoreinforcements, which can substantially improve the properties of magnesium without the negative effect of reduced ductility and increased weight that are typically associated with the addition of micron size reinforcements. Magnesium is the lightest structural metal and has tremendous potential to replace aluminum leading to improved weight savings and machinability. Compared to polymer composites, magnesium composites can be repaired using existing metal repair techniques whereas polymer composites require sophisticated non-destructive testing techniques to detect underlying cracknetwork and extensive removal of materials to repair the damaged component.  Due to increasing emphasis on light weighting to reduce carbon emissions and with the recent approval of magnesium usage for aircraft seats in 2015 the amount of work with magnesium metals and alloys and thereby this research area expanded significantly.

Introduction.- Theoretical Basis for Description of External Electromagnetic Fields.- the Electric Field.- the Spatial Harmonic Analysis in Electrostatics: Basic Concepts.- the Magnetic Field.- Fundamentals of the Electromagnetic Theory: Maxwell's Equations.- Analytical Simulation of VLF or Static Sources.- VLF Magnetic Multipoles.- Characterization of Sources by Evaluation of Magnetic Energy.- Prolate Spheroidal Magnetic Multipoles.- the Spatial Harmonic Characterization of an Elongated VLF Source.- the Spatial Harmonic Characterization of a Flattened VLF Source.- Complex VLF or Static Magnetic Sources: Numerical Simulation and Spatial Harmonic Analysis.- Hybrid Fem-Sha Coupling Strategy.-Spheroidal Harmonic Analysis Using FEM Results.- Simulations Using SHA-FEM Coupling.- Measurement Procedures for Spatial Harmonic Analysis.- Spatial Harmonic Analysis Using Axisymmetric Sensor Arrangements.- Generation of the Selective Functions Using Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization.- Prolate Spheroidal Multipole Analysis Using a Prolate Spheroidal Array.- Generation of the Selective Functions for a Prolate Spheroidal Array with Axial Magnetic Sensors: Indirect Method.- Oblate Spheroidal Multipole Analysis Using Axisymmetric Arrays.- Selective Functions of the Rectangular Planar Array of Sensors.- Generation of the Selective Functions for a Non-Axisymmetric Rectangular Planar Array by the Forward Orthonormalization.- Modeling of Sensor Noise, Misplacement and Misorientation.- Addendum A: Application of Recurrence Relations for Spherical Harmonic Analysis.- Addendum B: Application of Recurrence Relations for Spheroidal Harmonic Analysis.- Addendum C: Coordinate Systems and Vector Transformations.- Metric Coefficients.- Vector Transforms.

This book explores spatial harmonic analysis (SHA) for characterizing and analyzing external magnetic fields in technical systems. Its strong emphasis on addressing real engineering challenges and a practical focus on both spherical and spheroidal harmonics set it apart, with the latter being valuable for analyzing objects with high aspect ratios. The content is particularly applicable to naval and spacecraft applications, as well as the rapidly growing field of autonomous unmanned vehicles, including aerial, surface, and underwater vehicles. In these contexts, precise control of magnetic signatures is crucial for navigation, detection avoidance, and overall operational effectiveness. The author presents multiple original concepts, including fast algorithms for spheroidal harmonic functions, which make them computationally feasible for real-world applications. Additionally, the use of magnetic energy as a general metric for the magnetic intensity of a given device is explored, as well as isodynamic surfaces to identify regions of maximum magnetic field extension.  Magnetic Signatures: Advanced Analysis for Modern Systems combines rigorous mathematical foundations with practical implementation strategies, making it an essential resource for designing and operating magnetically sensitive systems across various domains.

1. Introduction.- 2. Magnetic Skyrmions.- 3. Self Focusing skyrmions.- 4. Skyrmion Applications.- 5. Positional Stability of Skyrmions.

This book employs end-to-end materials-to-systems modeling to show how topological properties of emerging quantum materials can be useful as low-power accelerators of classical computing hardware in edge intelligence. Skyrmions are ultra-small and topologically protected, so that their self-focusing, notch-driven synchronization and current-driven placement along a racetrack can be used to encode analog thresholds for random forest classifiers and weights in optimization problems for temporal computing such as DNA alignment, image classification, and speech recognition in robotics. A comparable silicon CMOS-based digital framework is estimated to incur 40× more components, 40× more energy, and 1000× more energy-delay product due to data volatility and the need for costly analog-to-digital converters. A second example of topologically stabilized computing discussed in the thesis is the strain-driven rotation of a magnet on a 3D topological insulator to gate its surface states and act as a row-column selector in a crossbar array. Selected rows can then be fed into a sense amplifier to do in-memory-computing, reducing the von Neumann latency associated with costly data transfer between memory and processing cores. The studies reported within combine material models including non-idealities and quantum transport, and circuit models including energy consumption in the overhead circuitry.        

Automotive Engineering

Undergraduate textbook

.- Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Steel.- Chapter 3 Cast Iron.- Chapter 4 Aluminum and Its Alloys.- Chapter 5 Magnesium and Its Alloys.- Chapter 6 Copper and Its Alloys.- Chapter 7 Titanium and Its Alloys.- Chapter 8 Plastics, etc.

This book, organized into twelve comprehensive chapters, delves into the diverse materials that form the backbone of modern automotive engineering. This book is designed to serve as a comprehensive reference for students, researchers, and professionals in the automotive industry, providing a detailed understanding of the materials that drive innovation. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, this book aims to equip readers with the necessary insights to navigate and contribute to this dynamic field.

Computational Design Of Materials

Part 1. Introduction.- Introduction to Materials Informatics.- Introduction to Cheminformatics for Predictive Modeling.- Introduction to machine learning for predictive modeling of organic materials.- Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) for Materials Science.- Part 2. Methods and Tools.- Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) and Machine Learning (ML) Models for Materials Science.- Optimising Materials Properties with Minimal Data: Lessons from Vanadium Catalyst Modelling.- In silico QSPR studies based on CDFT and IT descriptors.- Applications of quantitative read-across structure-property relationship (q-RASPR) modeling in the field of materials science.- Machine Learning algorithms for applications in Materials Science I.-  Machine Learning algorithms for applications in Materials Science II.- Structure-property modeling of quantum-theoretic properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons by means of connection-related graphical descriptors.- Machine learning tools and Web services for Materials Science modelling.

This contributed volume explores the integration of machine learning and cheminformatics within materials science, focusing on predictive modeling techniques. It begins with foundational concepts in materials informatics and cheminformatics, emphasizing quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR). The volume then presents various methods and tools, including advanced QSPR models, quantitative read-across structure-property relationship (q-RASPR) models, optimization strategies with minimal data, and in silico studies using different descriptors. Additionally, it explores machine learning algorithms and their applications in materials science, alongside innovative modeling approaches for quantum-theoretic properties. Overall, the book serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding and applying machine learning in the study and development of advanced materials and is a useful tool for students, researchers and professionals working in these areas.

Computational Design Of Materials

Part 1. Introduction.- Introduction to Machine Learning for Predictive Modeling I.- Introduction to Machine Learning for Materials Property Modeling.- Part 2. Cheminformatic and Machine Learning Models for Nanomaterials.- Machine learning models to study electronic properties of metal nanoclusters.- Applications of Machine Learning Predictive Modeling for Carbon Quantum Dots.- Assessing the toxicity of quantum dots in healthy and tumoral cells with ProtoNANO, a platform of nano-QSAR models to predict the toxicity of inorganic nanomaterials.- Applications of predictive modeling for fullerenes.- Computational Analysis of Perovskite Materials AlXY3 (X = Cu, Mn; Y = Br, Cl, F) invoking the DFT Method.- Applications of predictive modeling for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).- Introduction to multiscale modeling for One Health approaches.- DIAGONAL Decision Support System (DSS) for Advanced Nanomaterial Risk Management powered by Enalos Cloud Platform.- Part 3. Software Tools and Databases for Applications in Materials Science.- Machine Learning algorithms, tools, and databases for applications in Materials Science.- Machine Learning-Driven Web Tools for Predicting Properties of Materials and Molecules.

This contributed volume explores the application of machine learning in predictive modeling within the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, and cheminformatics. It covers a range of topics, including electronic properties of metal nanoclusters, carbon quantum dots, toxicity assessments of nanomaterials, and predictive modeling for fullerenes and perovskite materials. Additionally, the book discusses multiscale modeling and advanced decision support systems for nanomaterial risk management, while also highlighting various machine learning tools, databases, and web platforms designed to predict the properties of materials and molecules. It is a comprehensive guide and a great tool for researchers working at the intersection of machine learning and material sciences.

Part 1. Introduction.- Introduction to Machine Learning for Predictive Modeling II.- Introduction to predicting properties of organic materials.- Part 2. Cheminformatic and Machine Learning Models for Polymers.- Machine Learning Applications in Polymer Informatics – An Overview.- Applications of predictive modeling for selected properties of polymers.- Polymer Property Prediction using Machine Learning.- Applications of predictive modeling for polymers.- Part 3. Cheminformatic and Machine Learning Models for Solvents.- Applications of predictive QSPR modeling for deep eutectic solvents.- Applications of predictive modeling for various properties of ionic liquids.- Part 4. Cheminformatic and Machine Learning Models for Energetic Materials.- Improving Safety with Molecular-Scale Computational Approaches for Energetic and Reactive Materials.- Predictive modeling for energetic materials.- Modeling the performance of energetic materials.- Applications of predictive modeling for energetic materials.

This contributed volume focuses on the application of machine learning and cheminformatics in predictive modeling for organic materials, polymers, solvents, and energetic materials. It provides an in-depth look at how machine learning is utilized to predict key properties of polymers, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids, as well as to improve safety and performance in the study of energetic and reactive materials. With chapters covering polymer informatics, quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling, and computational approaches, the book serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers applying predictive modeling techniques to advance materials science and improve material safety and performance.

Strain-relaxation Strategies for Perovskite Solar Cell.- Resiliency Framework for Overhead Power Distribution Network with Mobile Microgrid.- Challenges in Solid-state Electrolyte-Based Batteries and the Roadmap to Commercialization.- Application of Engineered Biochar for CO2 Capture.- Molten Catalytic Systems for CO2-Free H2 Production from CH4: A Perspective from Ab Initio Simulations.

This book explores groundbreaking advancements in science and technology aimed at creating a sustainable future. It covers key innovations in renewable energy, clean hydrogen production, next-generation energy storage, carbon capture, and resilient infrastructure. The first section examines materials for a sustainable ecosystem, viz. solar energy harvesting and storage, including methods to improve perovskite solar cells, solar thermal-based ammonia cracking, challenges in commercializing solid-state electrolyte batteries, and S-scheme heterojunctions for efficient photocatalysis. Herein, the book also proposes a novel framework integrating mobile microgrids into power distribution networks to enhance resilience in the context of RE integration. It then shifts to devices and methods for achieving low-carbon industrial processes, discussing molten catalytic systems and CO2 capture via engineered biochar. Beyond technology, the book then addresses India's renewable energy policies and the need for zero-carbon steel, exploring carbon capture solutions for the steel and cement industries, while also highlighting the necessity for energy transition modelling. With a blend of scientific insights and policy recommendations, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in driving sustainable progress.

On Anti-Plane Waves Localized Near Sharp Interface Between two Elastic Half Spaces: Lattice Dynamics Approach.- Plane Longitudinal Strain Waves in Auxetic Materials with Point Defects.- Emergence of Lamb Wave Pass and Gap Bands in Waveguides with Periodically Arranged Elastic Inclusions.- Guided Waves Propagation in Elastic Metamaterial Plates with Voids and Surface Irregularities.- Soundproof Metamaterials.- Modeling of Elastic Plastic Deformation Processes of Structural Alloys Under Monotonic and Cyclic Modes of Disproportionate Loading.- Numerical Experimental Study of High-Speed Bending of a Composite Beam.- Nonlinear Dynamics in a Symmetric Electromechanical Vibro Impact System.- About Various Types of Anisotropy in Piezoelectric Metamaterials.- Dispersion Properties of a Mass in Mass Chain Consisting of Spherical Particles.- Boundary Element Analysis for Partially Saturated Poroelastic Solids via Time Stepping Method.- Reduction of the Boundary Value Problem for a Micropolar Medium to a Tensor Block Form of a System of Linear Algebraic Equations for Assessing Scale Effects.- Application of Dynamic Model of a Blocky Medium to Describe the Plastic Deformation of a Structurally Inhomogeneous Material at the Mesoscale Level.- Description of a Crack by a Nonlocal Model of an Elastic Medium.- Axisymmetric Unsteady Oscillations of an Elastic Moment Spherical Shell.

This book is summarizing the state of the art of metamaterials from the point of view of rational and applied mechanics. It contains 15 chapters written by well-known researchers in the field of acoustics and mechanics of metamaterials and includes in-depth discussions on mechanical and acoustical properties of metamaterials, covers a vast array of methods enabling to elaborate models of metamaterials and research their properties, provides a forecast for the development of metamaterials and their applications.

Industrial and Production Engineering

Metal additive manufacturing: An overview.- Powder bed fusion-based MAM processes.- Key Factors in Metal Additive Manufacturing Process by Selective Laser Melting.- The effect of laser spot diameter at selective laser melting of Fe-based amorphous alloy.- Synthesis of ODS-steel powders and their applications in laser-based additive manufacturing for nuclear power engineering: the state of the art.- Laser-powder Directed Energy Deposition process of metals – powder and melt pool interactions.- Capabilities of Wire Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing.- Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Alloys Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing.- Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of parts made via conventional MAM.- Defects associated with metal additive manufacturing and post-processing techniques.- Introduction to Solid-State Additive Manufacturing.- Hybrid additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy.- Principles, Applications, And Future Directions On Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing.- Additive Friction Stir: A Revolutionary Approach to Metal Additive Manufacturing.- Analysis of temperature variation during fabrication of Al 6061-based composites alloy via friction stir process with different tool shoulder diameters.- Technical principles and functional aspects related to Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM).- Integrated Design Using Physic-Based Machine Learning That Utilizes Neural Network For Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review.- Mesoscale Dendritic Solidification Modeling with a Coupled Finite Difference – Lattice Boltzmann Phase-Field Model.- Production of metallic foam by additive manufacturing.- Application of Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Study.- Additive Manufacturing for the Semiconductor Industry: An Automotive Perspective.

This book covers different aspects of metal additive manufacturing (MAM), including the basic concepts, different synthesis methods and applications of MAM. The topics covered mainly include conventional MAM techniques such as powder bed fusion-based, direct energy deposition based; hybrid MAM techniques such as friction based, ultrasonic; process modelling, various applications and future scope. The book is a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in the field of MAM. It can also be utilized as study material for various training courses on MAM at different learning levels.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

1. Introduction and Classification of Nanophotocatalysts.- 2. Characterization of nano photocatalysts.- 3. Synthesis of nanophotocatalysts.- 4. Zinc oxide (ZnO) based catalyst for wastewater purification.- 5. Cerium oxide Synthesis and application for wastewater purification.- 6. Study of nickel oxide (NiO) in wastewater treatment.- 7. Study of silver oxide (Ag2O) in wastewater treatment.- 8. Magnetic hematite (α-Fe2O3) photocatalyst in wastewater treatment.

This book presents the latest studies of metal oxide decorated nanophotocatalyst for pollutant removal from water bodies. Metal oxide-based nanophotocatalyst is currently considered an efficient material for pollutant removal as compared to other available materials due to its unique characteristics such as low cost, high regenerability, high photocatalytic degradation capacity, environmentally friendly and sustainability. This book elaborates on the basic synthetic route of the nanophotocatalyst to make it highly efficient such as; the presence of active sites, high mechanical strength, conductivity and thermal stability properties. These sustainable and efficient metal oxide-based nanophotocatalyst materials have significant environmental applications and can be applied in different fields. This material has the potential to clean up the different pollutants like volatile organic compounds, CO2 capture, organic and inorganic toxic pollutants, pesticides and colour compounds from the environment. This book gives a sound knowledge of metal oxide-based nanophotocatalyst to the audience regarding the modern design of photocatalytic degradation materials and manufacturing engineering with numerous example illustrations, methods and results for graduate students, researchers and industrialists. Readers will have a quick reference by exploring the research literature on the subject with commercial value-added research applications of metal oxide-based nanophotocatalyst materials.

Biological Techniques

Chapter 1. Microbial Biotechnology in Textile Industry: An Introduction.- Chapter 2. Microbial Enzymes in Textile Bioprocessing.- Chapter 3. Microbial pigments as Bio-based dyes in Textile.- Chapter 4. Innovative Applications of Microbial Biosurfactants for Textile Cleaning and Finishing.- Chapter 5. Sustainable Microbial Biopolymers and Biocomposites for Textile Innovation.- Chapter 6. Application of Green Nanomaterials in Textile Biotechnology.- Chapter 7. Microbial Biofilm on Textile Surfaces.- Chapter 8. Antimicrobial Textiles: Latest Developments and Functional Dimensions.- Chapter 9. Biodegradable Textiles: Innovations and Applications.- Chapter 10. Microbial biotechnology for textile waste management.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the transformative impact of microbial biotechnology on textile innovation. Through a series of in-depth chapters, it investigates how microbial processes and products are reshaping the textile industry towards greater sustainability, efficiency, and environmental responsibility. The book begins by introducing fundamental concepts, emphasizing the significance of microbial biotechnology in textile applications. It then delves into specific areas of microbial intervention within the textile supply chain, starting with the utilization of microbial enzymes for eco-friendly bioprocessing. Readers will gain insights into the mechanisms and applications of these enzymes in processes such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, and finishing, highlighting their advantages over traditional chemical methods. The book further explores the potential of microbial pigments as bio-based alternatives to synthetic dyes. It examines the diversity of microbial pigments, their extraction methods, and their successful integration into textile dyeing processes. Additionally, the text investigates the use of microbial biosurfactants for textile cleaning and finishing, showcasing their effectiveness and sustainability compared to conventional surfactants. A significant focus is placed on emerging technologies like green nanomaterials derived from microbial sources, detailing their synthesis, properties, and applications in textile biotechnology. The utilization of microbial biofilms on textile surfaces is also explored, illuminating their role in enhancing durability and functionality. Moreover, the book addresses critical challenges such as textile waste management through microbial biotechnology solutions. It presents innovative approaches for biodegradation, effluent treatment, and waste reduction using microbial processes, contributing to circular economy principles within the textile sector. In the last, the book navigates through regulatory and ethical considerations associated with microbial biotechnology adoption in textiles. It guides readers on compliance frameworks and ethical best practices, ensuring responsible and sustainable implementation. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in biotechnology, microbiology, textile engineering, and related disciplines. It equips readers with the knowledge and practical insights needed to leverage microbial biotechnology effectively for textile innovation, making it essential reading for those seeking to drive positive change within the textile industry.

Characterization and Analytical Technique

1 Introduction.- 2 Python Fundamentals.- 3 Tools for Numerical Calculations.- 4 Data Visualization.- 5 Symbolic Calculations.- 6 Polarized Light.- 7 Interaction Between Materials and Electric Fields.- 8 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy.- 9 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy.- 10 Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy.- 11 More Complex and Realistic Situations.

This book illustrates how the structural information content in polarized vibrational spectra can be extracted to provide access to the organization of molecules in materials. It uniquely integrates programming concepts and complete code examples with a discussion of the spectroscopy and data analysis. It will also be of interest to those performing molecular simulations that wish to extract parameters of interest to experimentalists, including modeling of the vibrational spectra. Topics revolve around three techniques: polarized infrared absorption spectroscopy (including internal & external reflection, ATR-IR), polarized Raman scattering, and nonlinear visible-IR sum-frequency generation. Although the basics of the hardware are mentioned, the emphasis is on quantitative analysis of the spectral data for elucidation of the molecular structure in terms of molecular orientation and conformation. The underlying motivation is to demonstrate a complete and consistent framework that may be applied in a stepwise and logical manner to the results of each experiment. The goal is not only to illustrate quantitative structural analysis within each technique, but also to encourage development across the techniques.

Biophysical Chemistry

Introduction.- Phenomenological description.- Statistical mechanics of molecular liquids.- Irreversible statistical mechanics of molecular liquids.- Conformational and density fluctuation in biomolecular system.- Chemical reactions of biomolecules in solutions.- Transitions among equilibrium states driven by fluctuations.

This book describes molecular processes taking place in living cells, in which “water” or “solvation” play essential roles. The molecular processes include conformational stability, fluctuation, relaxation, self-organization, molecular recognition, and chemical reactions. In all those processes, so-called solvation free-energy, and its first and second derivatives with respect to the atomic coordinates of biomolecules play key roles. Such derivatives of the free energy may not be calculated by any method of molecular simulation, because the calculation requires an analytical formula of the solvation free energy as a function of the atomic coordinates of a biomolecule. In this book, the theory is applied to analyze phenomena closely related to the conformational and density fluctuation of biomolecular systems, including the entropy and spectroscopy of both biomolecules and solvents. The theory is further developed to give microscopic expressions to the well-regarded phenomenological theories of chemical reactions, including the Michaelis–Menten theory of the enzymatic reaction, and the theory of the electron-transfer reaction by R. Marcus. Also clarified in the book is physical basis of Anfinsen’s hypothesis concerning the protein folding. This book is beneficial for graduate students and researchers in the field of life science and technology, especially for those studying pharmaceutical design and biomimetic technology such as artificial enzymes.

Ferroelectrics and Multiferroics

Introduction historical perspective and present development.- Synthesis techniques and measurements for various physical properties of multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials.- Sustainable Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric materials for energy harvesting applications.- Photovoltaic performance of sustainable multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials in green energy technology.- Magnetoelectric Multiferroics for Spintronic Applications.- Latest Updates on Magnetoelectric Coupling Based Devices and Applications in Surface Acoustic Wave Device Technology and Bio-medical Field.- Conclusion and future outlook on sustainable multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials based technologies.

This book comprehensively introduces the multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials, details the structural aspect and majorly focuses on the applicability part of the newly emerging non-toxic magnetoelectric and multiferroic materials, green synthesis techniques and energy harvesting applications.  It covers in detail applications pertaining to energy harvesting, spintronic, photovoltaic and photo-catalysis, sensors, gyrators, gradiometer, transducers and memory storage devices. Eco-friendly lead free multiferroic-based smart materials are being increasingly used as sensors and actuators in nano- or micro-electromechanical systems (N/MEMS) devices. Magnetoelectric coupling-based N/MEMS devices are found to exhibit high-quality factor and can be integrated with radio frequency integrated circuits. The non-toxic magnetoelectric antenna has biomedical applications as well, especially in neurology. Further, the book classifies and describes the magnetoelectric and multiferroic materials-based applications into three types on the basis of direct magnetoelectric coupling, converse magnetoelectric coupling and combination of both direct and converse magnetoelectric coupling. Overall, the book concludes by summarizing the much-needed detailed analysis of green, non-toxic and viable commercial technology on magnetoelectric and multiferroic materials. Emerging concepts of quantum electromagnets, quantum criticality and cosmic string lab stimulation have also been briefly summarized.

Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film

Introduction to Thin Films and Heterostructures.- Thin Film Fabrication Techniques.- Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Films.- Magnetic Thin Films for Spintronics.- Ferroelectric Thin Films: Fundamentals and Applications.- Magnetoelectric Coupling in Thin Films.- Multiferroic Thin Films for Device Applications.- Spintronic Devices Based on Heterostructure Thin Films.- Thin Film Sensors: Applications in Environmental and Biological Detection.- Energy Harvesting Using Thin Film Devices.- Integration of Heterostructure Thin Films in Flexible and Wearable Devices.- Future Trends in Thin Film Device Applications.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to heterostructure thin films and multifunctional nanomaterials, highlighting how the stacking of dissimilar materials enables interface-driven properties that surpass those achievable in bulk systems. It covers fundamental concepts such as band alignment, strain and charge coupling, and built-in fields, alongside advanced synthesis techniques including pulsed laser deposition, atomic layer deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and chemical/physical vapor deposition. The volume emphasizes state-of-the-art characterization methods, ranging from structural and compositional analyses to electrical, optical, and in-situ approaches, as well as AI-assisted multimodal techniques to probe interfaces and defects. Functional phenomena, including ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric coupling, spintronic effects, thermoelectric and piezoelectric responses, are closely tied to device applications such as non-volatile memories, sensors, actuators, solar cells, and flexible/wearable electronics. Case studies on multiferroic, van der Waals, and hybrid organic–inorganic systems illustrate the power of interface engineering. Chapters on inorganic perovskite solar cells, thin-film sensors, and PAAO-based plasmonic metamaterials demonstrate scalable, application-driven innovations. Concluding perspectives explore AI-assisted optimization, quantum and topological heterostructures, and strategies for scalable, energy-efficient device integration, offering a roadmap for future research in multifunctional thin films.  Multifunctional Heterostructure Thin Films Handbook: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Device Applications serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students working at the forefront of materials science, nanotechnology, and the development of next-generation devices. 

Chapter 1.Understanding Quantum Dots (QDS).- Chapter 2.Synthesis and functionalization of Quantum Dots.- Chapter 3.Analytical methods for characterization of Quantum Dots.- Chapter 4.Applications of Quantum Dots in bioassay and bioimaging.- Chapter 5.Quantum Dots for Biosensors and Biodiagnostic Application.- Chapter 6.Quantum Dots as Drug Delivery Systems.- Chapter 7.Quantum Dots in Agriculture and Food Industry.- Chapter 8.Toxicity and Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots.- Chapter 9.Quantum Dots for  Detection of Environmental Contaminants.- Chapter 10.Quantum Dots as environmental remediation agents.- etc.

This book presents a comprehensive review of the latest research in quantum dot fabrication, properties and applications. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamentals of quantum dots, the subsequent sections provide a detailed overview of some imminent new directions in biomedical, environmental, and energy applications. Various topics covered in this book are introduction to quantum dots, their fabrication and characterization techniques for successful luminescence; biological applications of quantum dots, including bioimaging, bioassay, biodiagnostics, drug research, and agriculture; quantum dot-based detection of environmental pollutants, their fate and their accumulation in the environment and recent achievements of quantum dots in energy storage, photovoltaic (PV) technology, and building energy devices. This book also discusses the challenges of emerging quantum dot technology and the associated regulatory policies. This book helps researchers and professionals working in the area of quantum dots research.

Introduction of high entropy alloys.- Recent progress in development of interatomic potentials and simulation scheme of high entropy alloys using molecular dynamics.- Recent advancement in synthesis and processing of high entropy alloys.- Material properties prediction by molecular dynamics simulations.- Various modelling and simulation methods for high entropy alloys.- Thermodynamics and kinetics of high entropy alloys.- Structural and mechanical properties of high entropy alloys.- Defect engineering, diffusion and hydrogen energy storage in high entropy alloys.- Phase transformations in high entropy alloys.- Irradiation damage in high entropy alloys.- Applications of high entropy alloys in industry and engineering.- Future directions in high entropy alloys research.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multi-scale mechanics of high entropy alloys (HEAs). High entropy alloys are an emerging class of materials with unique structural and mechanical properties, attributed to their core effects such as high configurational entropy, sluggish diffusion, lattice distortion, and cocktail effects. The initial chapters introduce the fundamentals of HEAs, including synthesis routes, phase stability, and microstructural features. Special emphasis is placed on computational approaches, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine learning (ML)-assisted modelling are employed to predict thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical responses of HEAs at different length and time scales. Subsequent chapters explore the mechanical behaviour of HEAs under various deformation regimes and environmental conditions. The later chapters connect computational results with experimental observations, presenting case studies where simulations and ML models guide the interpretation of material performance. Challenges associated with large-7scale synthesis, property validation, and transferability of computational models to real-world applications are also discussed, along with future research directions. This book is intended to serve as a critical resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students working in the field of materials science and engineering.

Introduction, Synthesis, and Characterization of MXenes.- Introduction to MXenes: Building Blocks for Sustainability.- Synthesis Methods of MXenes: From Theory to Practice.- To Characterisation Techniques for MXenes: Structure and Properties.

This book serves as a detailed guide to MXenes and their diverse applications in various domains, helping to achieve sustainable development. It begins with a thorough exploration of the introduction, synthesis, and characterization of MXenes, laying the foundation for understanding their significance as key building blocks for sustainability. The subsequent sections delve into MXene's pivotal role in various sustainable energy applications, environmental remediation, and sustainable materials and manufacturing domains. Each chapter within these sections covers the practical applications of MXenes, ranging from renewable energy systems to eco-friendly production processes, highlighting their potential to drive innovation and progress toward a sustainable future. Furthermore, the book explores MXenes' promising prospects in biomedical and healthcare applications, showcasing their potential in revolutionising diagnostics, drug delivery systems, and biocompatible materials for sustainable healthcare solutions. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and opportunities in MXene research for sustainable development, offering valuable insights into future directions and perspectives. This book aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, offering a comprehensive understanding of MXenes' applications across diverse sectors of sustainable development. With contributions from leading experts in the field, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists, engineers, policymakers, and students seeking to explore and harness the potential of MXenes for sustainable solutions. This volume is poised to be a good resource for anyone interested in the forefront of sustainable materials science and technology, providing a roadmap for leveraging MXenes toward a more sustainable and prosperous future.

Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Structure and Properties of Natural Nanoclays.- Chapter 3. Structure and properties of synthetic nanoclays.- Chapter 4. Nanoclay-Containing Polymer Composites.- Chapter 5. Application of nanoclays in paints and coatings.- Chapter 6. Catalyst supports.- Chapter 7. Water Purification.- Chapter 8. Application of nanoclays in construction, oil and gas industries.- Chapter 9. Application of nanoclays in cosmetics.- Chapter 10. Application of nanoclays in biomedicine.- Chapter 11. Application of nanoclay in battery and energy storage.- Chapter 12. Application of nanoclays in sensors, biosensors and bioelectronics.- Chapter 13. Beyond Earth-clay in Martial soil.- Chapter 14. Application of polymer-nanoclay in flame retardant systems.- Chapter 15. Modeling of nanoclay-containing polymer composites fire resistance properties.- Chapter 16. Crystallization behavior of nanoclay containing polymer nanocomposites.- Chapter 17. Polymer-clay composites/hybrids for EMI shielding.

This book covers natural and synthetic nanoclays, focusing on the fundamentals of nanoclay-chemistry and applications in advanced technologies. For millennia, clay has been an indispensable part of human civilization, playing an especially fundamental role in modern society in the form of e.g. porcelain, ceramics, bricks, and tiles, as well as being an essential constituent for plastics, paints, paper, rubber, cosmetics, sensors, and medicinal products.The book introduces the reader to nanoclays, most commonly referred to as layered silicates, which take the form of layered or sheet-like structures with nanometer-scale dimensions. It describes the structure and materials properties of both natural and synthetic nanoclays, and covers their applications in diverse areas such as paint formulations, water purification, cosmetics, biomedical applications, and energy storage. Authored by experts with long-standing experience in industry and academic research, this book serves as a useful reference not only for students and academics interested in this exciting new field, but also industrial researchers and R&D managers wishing to bring nanoclay-based advanced products to market.

 Nanocomposites for Military, Aeronautical and Aerospace Applications: Challenges and Opportunities.- High performance polymer materials for aeronautical engineering applications.-  Introduction of fibre-reinforced polymers− polymers and composites for aeronautical and aerospace applications.- Importance of thermal and flame retardency of nanocomposites in Aeronautical and Aerospace industry.- Nanocomposites and Polymers for aeronautical engineering applications.

This book provides numerous modern technical research accomplishments in the area of nanocomposites for defense, aeronautical, and aerospace applications. Recent developments, new challenges, future aspects, preparation, and characterization of nanocomposites materials are discussed in detail. It offers an introduction to fiber-reinforced polymers, to rubber-based nanocomposites, to radio frequency identification tag, to polycarbonates and optical fiber-guided robotic laser ultrasonic systems. It is an essential resource for researchers, students, and engineers in industry.    

Chapter-1 Introduction to Nanoferrites and Their Significance.- Chapter-2 Fundamentals of Patch Antennas: Structure and Working Principles.- Chapter-3 Electromagnetic Properties of Nanoferrites.- Chapter-4 Dielectric and Magnetic Properties in RF & Microwave Applications.-Chapter-5 Synthesis Techniques of Nanoferrites for Antenna Design.- Chapter-6 Structural and Morphological Characterization of Nanoferrites.- Chapter-7 Dielectric and magnetic characterization techniques.- Chapter-8 Temperature and Frequency Dependence of Nanoferrites.- Chapter-9 Optimization of Material Composition for Antenna Performance. Chapter-10 Future Perspectives of Nanoferrites for Patch Antenna Applications.

This book offers valuable insights into how cutting-edge materials can transform antenna design. It presents a deep dive into the advantages of using nanoferrites, helping readers understand how these materials enhance signal clarity, improve bandwidth, and contribute to the miniaturization of antenna systems without compromising efficiency. By integrating both theoretical perspectives and experimental findings, the content serves as a practical guide for improving real-world wireless communication systems. Readers will benefit from the structured presentation of design strategies, material synthesis methods, and performance optimization techniques. The book bridges the gap between advanced materials research and practical antenna engineering, empowering professionals to develop smarter, more efficient antennas. It is primarily intended for graduate students, academic researchers, antenna designers, and engineers working at the intersection of materials science and wireless technology.

Chapter 1. Introduction to nanoparticles, their synthesis, fabrication and applications.- Chapter 2. Nanoparticles integrated UV protective textiles.- Chapter 3. Nanoparticles coated flame retardant textiles.- Chapter 4. Advances in nanoparticles integrated antibacterial textiles.- Chapter 5. Nanoparticles integrated self-cleaning textiles.- Chapter 6. Nanoparticles integrated electro-conductive textiles.

This book explores the cutting-edge realm of functional textiles with nanoparticle integration, describing the synthesis and fabrication processes of integrating nanoparticles into textiles. From enhanced performance and durability to novel functionalities, this book offers a detailed exploration of the intricate techniques involved. The book unravels the intricate methods that transform ordinary textiles into smart materials with applications spanning healthcare, electronics, and environmental monitoring.

The Basics of Nanosensors.- Nanosensor Fabrication Techniques.- Principles of Nanosensor Operation.- Nanomaterials for Nanosensor Construction.- Nanosensors for Disease Diagnostics.- Nanosensor for Drug Delivery.- Nanosensors for Theranostics.- Nanosensors for Personalized Medicine.- Nanosensors in Wearable Health Devices.- Nanosensors for breath sensing.- Nanosensors for Point-of-Care Testing.- Nanosensor Technology in Telemedicine.- Nanosensors in Neural Health and Brain-Machine Interfaces.- AI-Enhanced Nanosensors for Advanced Diagnostics.- The Future of Biological Imaging: Nanosensors.- Future Prospects of Nanosensors in Health Sectors.- Ethical and Safety Considerations of Nanosensors.- Regulatory Challenges and Approvals.

This book highlights the significance of nanosensors for applications in the biomedical and healthcare sector. The topics emphasize the fundamental principles of nanosensors, their fabrication process, and their applications in different areas, such as biosensing, point-of-care (POC) development, drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. The chapters cover the advancements in these areas by considering personalized medicine, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven biosensing strategies. The book not only focuses on the advancements, but also highlights the challenges in this area from both technical and regulatory perspectives. Its content is written by experienced subject experts in a manner suited to the general public and researchers who are interested in nanotechnology and its applications in biomedical.