A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Location of the epidemic/pandemic | Start year | End year | Deaths | Global population at the start year | Disease | References | Notes |
2 | China, Kwangsi | 1500 | 1500 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
3 | China, Shansi | 1504 | 1504 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
4 | China, Hunan, Hupeh, Kwangtun, Kwangsi, yunnan, Fukien | 1506 | 1506 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
5 | Hispaniola | 1507 | 1541 | 3.00E+05 | 4.63E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
6 | Pandemic, Influenza | 1510 | 1510 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Influenza | Morens et al., 2010 | |
7 | China, Chekiang | 1511 | 1511 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
8 | China, Yunnan | 1514 | 1514 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
9 | China, Hupeh | 1516 | 1516 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
10 | China, Fukien | 1517 | 1517 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
11 | China, Hopei, Shantung, Chekiang | 1519 | 1519 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
12 | Ireland | 1519 | 1525 | 5.00E+03 | 4.63E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
13 | Mexico | 1519 | 1520 | 6.50E+06 | 4.63E+08 | Smallpox | Acuna-Soto et al., 2002 | |
14 | European diseases in the Americas | 1520 | 1635 | 1.03E+07 | 4.75E+08 | Smallpox, etc. | Kohn, 1999; Lovell, 1992 | |
15 | China, Shensi | 1522 | 1522 | 5.00E+03 | 4.77E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
16 | China, Shantung | 1525 | 1525 | 4.10E+03 | 4.79E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
17 | French army in Italy | 1528 | 1528 | 2.10E+04 | 4.82E+08 | Typhus | Socolovschi and Raoult, 2009 | |
18 | China, Shansi, Hupeh, Szechwan, Kweichow | 1528 | 1529 | 5.00E+03 | 4.82E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
19 | England, Germany, northern Europe | 1529 | 1529 | 5.00E+03 | 4.83E+08 | Sweating Sickness | Kohn, 1999 | |
20 | Edimburgh | 1530 | 1530 | 5.00E+03 | 4.84E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
21 | China, Shensi, Hupeh, Chekiang, Hunan, Fukien | 1532 | 1535 | 5.00E+03 | 4.85E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
22 | Ireland | 1535 | 1536 | 5.00E+03 | 4.88E+08 | Unknown | Kohn, 1999 | |
23 | China, Kwangsi | 1538 | 1538 | 5.00E+03 | 4.91E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
24 | Ottoman war | 1542 | 1542 | 3.00E+04 | 4.94E+08 | Typhus | Socolovschi and Raoult, 2009 | |
25 | China, Shansi, Honan, Fukien | 1543 | 1545 | 5.00E+03 | 4.95E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
26 | Americas | 1545 | 1548 | 1.00E+07 | 4.97E+08 | Cocolitzli | Acuna-Soto et al., 2000; 2002; Vagene et al. 2018 | |
27 | India, Goa | 1545 | 1545 | 8.00E+03 | 4.97E+08 | Smallpox | Fenner et al., 1988 | |
28 | England | 1551 | 1551 | 5.00E+03 | 5.02E+08 | Sweating Sickness | Kohn, 1999 | |
29 | Siege of Metz | 1552 | 1552 | 1.00E+04 | 5.03E+08 | Typhus | Conlon, 2009 | |
30 | China, Hopei | 1554 | 1554 | 5.00E+03 | 5.05E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
31 | Brazil | 1555 | 1563 | 5.00E+03 | 5.06E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999; Cliff, 2004 | |
32 | China, Fukien | 1556 | 1556 | 5.00E+03 | 5.07E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
33 | Typhus outbreak in England | 1557 | 1559 | 3.00E+05 | 5.08E+08 | Typhus | Socolovschi and Raoult, 2009 | Estimated from 10% of English population in the period |
34 | China, Kweichow | 1558 | 1558 | 5.00E+03 | 5.09E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
35 | Austrian army in Hungary | 1560 | 1560 | 3.00E+04 | 5.10E+08 | Typhus | Conlon, 2009 | |
36 | China, Hupeh, Fukien, Kiangsi | 1561 | 1563 | 5.00E+03 | 5.11E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | Sources states that 7/10 of population died in Fukien |
37 | London | 1563 | 1563 | 2.00E+04 | 5.13E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
38 | Lyon | 1564 | 1564 | 5.00E+03 | 5.14E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
39 | China, Hope and Chekiang | 1565 | 1565 | 5.00E+03 | 5.15E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
40 | Hungary - Maximilian II army | 1566 | 1566 | 5.00E+03 | 5.16E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
41 | China, Shansi | 1571 | 1571 | 5.00E+03 | 5.20E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
42 | China, Hupeh | 1573 | 1573 | 5.00E+03 | 5.22E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
43 | Ireland, Venice, London | 1575 | 1577 | 5.80E+04 | 5.25E+08 | Plague | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic | Sum of Venice, Ireland and London epidemics |
44 | Americas | 1576 | 1578 | 2.00E+06 | 5.25E+08 | Cocolitzli | Acuna-Soto et al, 2000 | |
45 | Paris | 1576 | 1576 | 5.00E+03 | 5.25E+08 | Diphtheria | Kohn, 1999 | |
46 | Oxford | 1577 | 1577 | 5.00E+03 | 5.26E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
47 | Paris | 1578 | 1578 | 5.00E+03 | 5.26E+08 | Whooping Cough | Kohn, 1999 | |
48 | China, Shansi, Hopei, Szechwan, Shantung | 1579 | 1582 | 5.00E+03 | 5.27E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
49 | Italy | 1580 | 1580 | 5.00E+03 | 5.28E+08 | Influenza | Kohn, 1999 | |
50 | Venezuela | 1580 | 1580 | 2.00E+04 | 5.28E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
51 | Spain and Italy | 1583 | 1618 | 5.00E+03 | 5.31E+08 | Diphtheria | Kohn, 1999 | Merged Spanish (1583-1618) and Italian (1618) outbreaks |
52 | China, Hupeh, Shansi | 1584 | 1585 | 5.00E+03 | 5.33E+08 | Unknown | McNeill 1998 | |
53 | Edimburgh | 1585 | 1585 | 1.00E+03 | 5.33E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
54 | Peru | 1585 | 1585 | 5.00E+03 | 5.33E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
55 | Exeter | 1586 | 1586 | 5.00E+03 | 5.34E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
56 | China, Shansi, Kiangsi, Shantung, Shensi, Chekiang, Honan | 1587 | 1588 | 5.00E+03 | 5.34E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
57 | Madrid | 1587 | 1587 | 5.00E+03 | 5.34E+08 | Smallpox | Cliff, 2004 | |
58 | China, Hupeh, Hunan, Kwangtung | 1590 | 1590 | 5.00E+03 | 5.37E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
59 | Mexico highlands | 1590 | 1600 | 2.00E+06 | 5.37E+08 | Typhus | Harden, 1993; Cliff, 2004 | More than 2000k deaths according to Harden, 1993 |
60 | Philippines | 1591 | 1591 | 5.00E+03 | 5.38E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
61 | Western New York | 1592 | 1596 | 5.00E+03 | 5.39E+08 | Measles | Kohn, 1999 | |
62 | London and Malta | 1592 | 1593 | 2.30E+04 | 5.39E+08 | Plague | Creighton (1891) | Estimate is 17 k deaths according to Kohn, 1999 |
63 | China, Yunnan | 1594 | 1594 | 5.00E+03 | 5.41E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
64 | Spain and Scotland and Prussia, London and Ireland | 1596 | 1605 | 5.70E+05 | 5.42E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | Includes Edimburgh 1597, which has no number estimate, Scoltand 1600-1608, Prussia 1602 with 20k deaths, London 1603 with 35k deaths, and Ireland with Unknown number of deaths |
65 | China, Yunnan, Szechwan | 1597 | 1598 | 5.00E+03 | 5.43E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
66 | China, Shansi, Kweichow | 1601 | 1601 | 5.00E+03 | 5.45E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
67 | China, Chekiang | 1603 | 1603 | 5.00E+03 | 5.44E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
68 | China, Chekiang | 1606 | 1606 | 5.00E+03 | 5.43E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
69 | China, Yunnan, Fukien, Shansi, Shensi, Chekian | 1608 | 1613 | 5.00E+03 | 5.42E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
70 | Basel | 1610 | 1611 | 5.00E+03 | 5.41E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
71 | China, Fukien, Shansi, Hunan, Kweichow, Yunnan | 1617 | 1618 | 5.00E+03 | 5.37E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | Corpses lying side by side in Shansi according to McNeill 1998 |
72 | Massachusetts | 1617 | 1619 | 5.00E+03 | 5.37E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
73 | Thirty years war including Germany and Lyon and Limoges Typhus Epidemic | 1618 | 1649 | 6.20E+06 | 5.37E+08 | Typhus | Socolovschi and Raoult, 2009 | 6,200k deaths are estimated from 50% of the total german population |
74 | Algiers | 1620 | 1621 | 4.00E+04 | 5.36E+08 | Plague | Harding, 2002 | |
75 | China, Hupeh, Yunnan, Kwangsi | 1621 | 1624 | 5.00E+03 | 5.35E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
76 | London | 1625 | 1625 | 1.00E+05 | 5.33E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
77 | China, Hupeh | 1627 | 1627 | 5.00E+03 | 5.32E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
78 | France and Italy | 1628 | 1631 | 1.28E+06 | 5.31E+08 | Plague | Harding, 2002 | |
79 | Central New York | 1630 | 1662 | 1.00E+04 | 5.30E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
80 | Protestant-Catholic armies at Nuremburg | 1632 | 1632 | 1.80E+04 | 5.29E+08 | Typhus | Conlon, 2009 | |
81 | China, Shansi | 1633 | 1635 | 5.00E+03 | 5.29E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
82 | Massachusetts and Connecticut | 1633 | 1634 | 5.00E+03 | 5.29E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
83 | Quebec | 1634 | 1640 | 5.00E+03 | 5.28E+08 | Measles | Kohn, 1999 | |
84 | London and Spain | 1636 | 1637 | 3.30E+04 | 5.27E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | Sum of London 1636 and Spain 1637 (20k deaths) |
85 | China, Hopei, Chekiang, Honan, Shantung, Shansi | 1640 | 1641 | 5.00E+03 | 5.25E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | corpses lying side by side throughout |
86 | China, Shensi, Shansi, Kiangsu, Inner Mongolia | 1643 | 1644 | 5.00E+03 | 5.24E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
87 | Oxford and Reading | 1643 | 1643 | 5.00E+03 | 5.24E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
88 | Tiverton | 1644 | 1644 | 5.00E+03 | 5.23E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
89 | Barbados | 1647 | 1647 | 5.00E+03 | 5.22E+08 | Yellow Fever | Kohn, 1999 | |
90 | Massachusetts | 1648 | 1649 | 5.00E+03 | 5.21E+08 | Smallpox | Kohn, 1999 | |
91 | China, Inner Mongolia | 1653 | 1653 | 5.00E+03 | 5.26E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
92 | Russia, Rome and Naples | 1654 | 1655 | 7.00E+05 | 5.28E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999; Harding 2002; Scasciamacchia, 2012 | |
93 | Jamaica | 1655 | 1655 | 5.00E+03 | 5.30E+08 | Yellow Fever | Kohn, 1999 | |
94 | China, Kansu | 1656 | 1656 | 5.00E+03 | 5.32E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
95 | India and Brazil, Boston (0k) and London (0k) | 1660 | 1669 | 1.08E+05 | 5.40E+08 | Smallpox | Fenner et al., 1988 | |
96 | London | 1661 | 1665 | 1.60E+04 | 5.42E+08 | Typhus | Kohn, 1999 | |
97 | London, Germany, Austria and Switzerland | 1663 | 1668 | 8.75E+04 | 5.50E+08 | Plague | Kohn, 1999 | |
98 | China, Shantung | 1665 | 1665 | 5.00E+03 | 5.50E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
99 | China, Kansu, Hopei | 1667 | 1668 | 5.00E+03 | 5.54E+08 | Unknown | McNeill, 1998 | |
100 | New York | 1668 | 1668 | 5.00E+03 | 5.56E+08 | Yellow Fever | Kohn, 1999 |