A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | |
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1 | Cost of Captured CO2 in $/ton CO2 or €/ton CO2 | Contributed by | ||||||||||||||||||
2 | Ref ID | Year of publication | Low | High | Notes about low | Note about high | Date of projected cost estimate | Notes | Title | Author(s) | Link | |||||||||
3 | 1 | 2013 | $518 | $568 | APS-DAC with M-CC packing | APS-DAC with M-250Y packing | 2013 | Average estimate - 610$ | Direct air capture of CO2 with chemicals | Mazzotti, M. et al. | http://www.skyscrubber.com/Springer%2009%20-%20Two%20Loop%20Direct%20Air%20Capture%20of%20CO2.pdf | Cx Bio | ||||||||
4 | 2 | 2019 | 133€ | 222€ | With utilisation of free waste heat | Without utilisation of free waste heat | 2020 | Conditions: low temperature solid sorbent hybrid PV-Wind-battery systems for Moroccan conditions; 8000 full load hours per year, under the conservative scenario with 50% implementation of needed DAC systems and 10% learning rate of DAC capex; 7% weighted average cost of capital | Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants | Fasihi, M. et al. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772 | Cx Bio | ||||||||
5 | 2 | 2019 | 60€ | 105€ | With utilisation of free waste heat | Without utilisation of free waste heat | 2030 | Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants | Fasihi, M. et al. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772 | Cx Bio | Open-access resource created by Cx Bio | ||||||||
6 | 2 | 2019 | 40€ | 69€ | With utilisation of free waste heat | Without utilisation of free waste heat | 2040 | Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants | Fasihi, M. et al. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772 | Cx Bio | |||||||||
7 | 2 | 2019 | 32€ | 54€ | With utilisation of free waste heat | Without utilisation of free waste heat | 2050 | Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants | Fasihi, M. et al. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772 | Cx Bio | |||||||||
8 | 3 | 2015 | $21 | $21 | 2015 | New carbon capture technology proposed there, built by molecular manufacturing using first generation nanofactories at a manufacturing cost of ~$1000/kg | The Nanofactory Solution to Global Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Capture Freitas | Freitas, R.A. et al. | http://www.imm.org/Reports/rep045.pdf | Cx Bio | ||||||||||
9 | 4 | 2011 | $430 | $550 | Hydroxide absorbent (optimistic) | Hydroxide absorbent (realistic) | 2011 | Direct air capture of CO2 with chemicals: a technology assessment for the APS Panel on Public Affairs | APS | https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200555/files/dac2011.pdf | Cx Bio | This document is created by Cx Bio for open-access public use | ||||||||
10 | 5 | 2019 | 105€ | 105€ | 2030 | All calculations were based on full hourly modeling for all included sub-systems, including solar PV power plants, wind power plants, battery storage, heat pumps, thermal energy storage and DAC units | Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling | Breyer, C. et al. | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-y | Cx Bio | Original contributions from Dorian Leger, Milena Ivanisevic, | |||||||||
11 | 5 | 2019 | 70€ | 70€ | 2040 | Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling | Breyer, C. et al. | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-y | Cx Bio | Created on: Dec 2020, last updated Sep 2021 | ||||||||||
12 | 5 | 2019 | 55€ | 55€ | 2050 | Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling | Breyer, C. et al. | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-y | Cx Bio | |||||||||||
13 | 6 | 2012 | $43 | $95 | Cheap contactor with highly absorptive solution | Expensive inlet contactor and poor absortive solution | 2012 | Average estimate - 60 $ | An air–liquid contactor for large-scale capture of CO2 from air | Holmes, G and Keith, D. | https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0137 | Cx Bio | ||||||||
14 | 7 | 2012 | $80 | $150 | 2012 | Average estimate - 100 $; doesnt include costs of capital expenditures for constructing and/or maintaining equipment; adsorption-based air capture technology: amino-modified silica adsorbent, TRI-PE-MCM-41, and a structured monolithic contactor unit | Analysis of Equilibrium-Based TSA Processes for Direct Capture of CO2 from Air | Kulkarni, A.R. and Sholl, D.S. | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300691c | Cx Bio | ||||||||||
15 | 8 | 2016 | $75 | $140 | cheap adsorbent - 5$/ton | Expensive adsorbent - 70$/ton | 2016 | Five-step temperature vacuum swing adsorption process for direct air capture using solid adsorbents coated as films on monolithic contactors using steam as the stripping agent during desorption, using MIL-101(Cr)- PEI-800 as a metal organic framework | Systems Design and Economic Analysis of Direct Air Capture of CO2 through Temperature Vacuum Swing Adsorption using MIL-101(Cr)-PEI-800 and mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) MOF Adsorbents | Sinha, A. et al. ; corrected | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03887 | Cx Bio | ||||||||
16 | 8 | 2016 | $60 | $190 | cheap adsorbent - 10$/ton | Expensive adsorbent - 140$/ton | 2016 | Five-step temperature vacuum swing adsorption process for direct air capture using solid adsorbents coated as films on monolithic contactors using steam as the stripping agent during desorption, using mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) as metal organic framework | Systems Design and Economic Analysis of Direct Air Capture of CO2 through Temperature Vacuum Swing Adsorption using MIL-101(Cr)-PEI-800 and mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) MOF Adsorbents | Sinha, A. et al. | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03887 | Cx Bio | ||||||||
17 | 9 | 2018 | $440 | $570 | 2018 | Does not account for cost reduction associated with the experience curve, nor the effect of economies of scale | The potential for implementation of Negative Emission Technologies in Scotland | Alcalde, J. et al. | https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2164/10700/The_potential_for_implementation_of_Negative_Emission_Technologies_in_Scotland.pdf;jsessionid=8523FB5C46A5C8DC9A6EDD9AC143F660?sequence=1 | Cx Bio | ||||||||||
18 | 10 | 2011 | $1,000 | $1,000 | 2011 | Argues that energetic and financial costs of capturing CO2 from the air are likely to have been underestimated in other studies | Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO2 from ambient air | House, K.Z. et al. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251141/ | Cx Bio | ||||||||||
19 | 11 | 2014 | $309 | $309 | An optimal combination with an onsite NGCC (natural gas combined cycle) facility with CCS (cabon capture and storage) combined with heat integration and the use of plastic packing in the towers | Reducing the Cost of Ca-Based Direct Air Capture of CO2 | Zeman et al. | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es502887y | Cx Bio | |||||||||||
20 | 12 | 2019 | $14 | $1,065 | Best case scenario: ideal situation where all the parameters assume values such that the lowest cost and energy invested in running the DAC process. The best case assumes contactor to adsorbent ratio of 1:10, adsorbent purchase cost of $15 per kg, sorbent total capacity of 1.5 mol/kg, Desorption swing capacity as 90% of maximum sorbent swing capacity (SCmax), CO2 to water ratio of 1:2, air inlet velocity of 1 m/s, desorption temperature and pressure of 340 K and 0.2 bar, respectively and CO2 heat of adsorption of 90 kJ/mol. | Worst case scenario: adsorbent with the shortest lifetime and the most expensive synthesis, lowest swing fraction during the adsorption–desorption step and the highest H2O:CO2 ratio | 2019 | Solid sorbents such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), contained in low pressure drop contactors; mid range estimate: 86$-221$. The mid-range analysis assumes adsorbent purchase cost and lifetime of $50/kg and 0.5 years, respectively, sorbent total capacity of 1 mol/kg, desorption swing capacity as 80% of SCmax desorption pressure and temperature as 0.5 bar and 360 K, respectively, contactor to adsorbent ratio in the range of 0.1:1 to 1:1 and CO2 to water ratio as 1:2. | A parametric study of the technoeconomics of Direct CO2 Air Capture (DAC) systems using solid adsorbents | Sinha, A. and Realff, M.J. | https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aic.16607 | Cx Bio | ||||||||
21 | 13 | 2018 | $94 | $232 | They compare to APS report and note price differences due primarily to new Contactor technologz designed by Carbon Engineering.and use of K+ rather than Na+. They use Hydroxide sorbent in contactor and Ca in pellet reactor. | A Process for Capturing CO2 from the Atmosphere | Keith et al. | |||||||||||||
22 | Review papers | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | Cost of Captured CO2 $/ton CO2 | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | ID | Date | Low | high | notes about low | note about high | date of projected cost estimate | Notes | Title | Author(s) | Link | |||||||||
25 | 14 | 2016 | Direct Capture of CO2 from Ambient Air | Sanz-Perez, E.S. et al. | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173 | Cx Bio | ||||||||||||||
26 | $25 | $75 | 2003 | Zeman 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
27 | $136 | $136 | 2006 | Keith et al. 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
28 | $162 | $200 | 2006 | Nikulshina et al. 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
29 | $53 | $127 | 2006 | Stolaroff et al. 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
30 | $200 | $200 | 2009 | Lackner 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
31 | $610 | $610 | 2011 | APS 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
32 | $1,000 | $1,000 | 2011 | House et al. 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
33 | $293 | $863 | 2011 | Simon et al. 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
34 | $95 | $95 | 2012 | Kulkarni and Sholl 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
35 | $60 | $60 | 2012 | Holmes and Keith 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
36 | $518 | $568 | 2013 | Mazzotti et al. 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
37 | $309 | $309 | 2014 | Zeman 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
38 | 15 | 2019 | A sorbent-focused techno-economic analysis of direct air capture | Azarabadi, H. and Lackner, K.S. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261919306385 | Cx Bio | ||||||||||||||
39 | $220 | $220 | 2009 | Lackner et al. 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
40 | $94 | $232 | 2018 | Carbon Engineering process estimated by Keith et al. 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
41 | $88 | $228 | 2030 | National Academy of Sciences (NAS) | ||||||||||||||||
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46 | RANGE of review papers | |||||||||||||||||||
47 | Averages (USD only) | $258 | $328 | |||||||||||||||||
48 | $/ton CO2 | |||||||||||||||||||
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