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Cost of Captured CO2 in $/ton CO2
or €/ton CO2
Contributed by
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Ref IDYear of publicationLowHighNotes about lowNote about highDate of projected cost estimateNotesTitleAuthor(s)Link
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12013$518$568 APS-DAC with M-CC packing APS-DAC with M-250Y packing 2013Average estimate - 610$ Direct air capture of CO2 with chemicalsMazzotti, M. et al. http://www.skyscrubber.com/Springer%2009%20-%20Two%20Loop%20Direct%20Air%20Capture%20of%20CO2.pdfCx Bio
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22019133€222€With utilisation of free waste heatWithout utilisation of free waste heat 2020
Conditions: low temperature solid sorbent
hybrid PV-Wind-battery systems for Moroccan conditions; 8000 full load hours per year, under the conservative scenario with 50% implementation of needed DAC systems and 10% learning rate of DAC capex; 7% weighted average cost of capital
Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants
Fasihi, M. et al.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772Cx Bio
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2201960€105€With utilisation of free waste heatWithout utilisation of free waste heat 2030
Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants
Fasihi, M. et al.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772Cx Bio
Open-access resource created by Cx Bio
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2201940€69€With utilisation of free waste heatWithout utilisation of free waste heat 2040
Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants
Fasihi, M. et al.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772Cx Bio
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2201932€54€With utilisation of free waste heatWithout utilisation of free waste heat 2050
Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants
Fasihi, M. et al.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619307772Cx Bio
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32015$21$212015
New carbon capture technology proposed there, built by molecular manufacturing using first generation nanofactories at a manufacturing cost of ~$1000/kg
The Nanofactory Solution to Global Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Capture Freitas
Freitas, R.A. et al.
http://www.imm.org/Reports/rep045.pdf
Cx Bio
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42011$430$550Hydroxide absorbent (optimistic) Hydroxide absorbent (realistic) 2011
Direct air capture of CO2 with chemicals: a technology assessment for the APS Panel on Public Affairs
APShttps://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200555/files/dac2011.pdfCx Bio
This document is created by Cx Bio for open-access public use
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52019105€105€2030
All calculations were based on full hourly modeling for all included sub-systems, including solar PV power plants, wind power plants, battery storage, heat pumps, thermal energy storage and DAC units
Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling
Breyer, C. et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-yCx Bio
Original contributions from Dorian Leger, Milena Ivanisevic,
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5201970€70€2040
Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling
Breyer, C. et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-yCx Bio
Created on: Dec 2020, last updated Sep 2021
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5201955€55€2050
Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling
Breyer, C. et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-019-9847-yCx Bio
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62012$43$95Cheap contactor with highly absorptive solution
Expensive inlet contactor and poor absortive solution
2012Average estimate - 60 $
An air–liquid contactor for large-scale capture of CO2 from air
Holmes, G and Keith, D. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0137Cx Bio
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72012$80$1502012
Average estimate - 100 $; doesnt include costs
of capital expenditures for constructing and/or maintaining
equipment; adsorption-based air capture technology: amino-modified silica adsorbent, TRI-PE-MCM-41, and a structured monolithic contactor unit
Analysis of Equilibrium-Based TSA Processes for Direct Capture of CO2 from Air
Kulkarni, A.R. and Sholl, D.S.https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300691cCx Bio
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82016$75$140cheap adsorbent - 5$/tonExpensive adsorbent - 70$/ton2016
Five-step temperature vacuum swing adsorption process for direct air capture using solid adsorbents coated
as films on monolithic contactors using steam as the stripping agent during desorption, using MIL-101(Cr)- PEI-800 as a metal organic framework
Systems Design and Economic Analysis of Direct Air Capture of CO2 through Temperature Vacuum Swing Adsorption using MIL-101(Cr)-PEI-800 and mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) MOF Adsorbents
Sinha, A. et al. ; correctedhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03887Cx Bio
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82016$60$190cheap adsorbent - 10$/tonExpensive adsorbent - 140$/ton2016
Five-step temperature vacuum swing adsorption process for direct air capture using solid adsorbents coated
as films on monolithic contactors using steam as the stripping agent during desorption, using mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) as metal organic framework
Systems Design and Economic Analysis of Direct Air Capture of CO2 through Temperature Vacuum Swing Adsorption using MIL-101(Cr)-PEI-800 and mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) MOF Adsorbents
Sinha, A. et al. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03887Cx Bio
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92018$440$5702018
Does not account for cost reduction associated with the experience curve, nor the effect of economies of scale
The potential for implementation of Negative Emission Technologies in Scotland
Alcalde, J. et al. https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2164/10700/The_potential_for_implementation_of_Negative_Emission_Technologies_in_Scotland.pdf;jsessionid=8523FB5C46A5C8DC9A6EDD9AC143F660?sequence=1Cx Bio
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102011$1,000$1,0002011
Argues that energetic and financial costs of capturing CO2 from the air are likely to have been underestimated in other studies
Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO2 from ambient air
House, K.Z. et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251141/Cx Bio
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112014$309$309
An optimal combination
with an onsite NGCC (natural gas combined cycle) facility with CCS (cabon capture and storage) combined with
heat integration and the use of plastic packing in the towers
Reducing the Cost of Ca-Based Direct Air Capture of CO2
Zeman et al. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es502887yCx Bio
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122019$14$1,065Best case scenario: ideal situation
where all the parameters assume values such that the lowest cost and
energy invested in running the DAC process. The best case assumes
contactor to adsorbent ratio of 1:10, adsorbent purchase cost of $15
per kg, sorbent total capacity of 1.5 mol/kg, Desorption swing capacity
as 90% of maximum sorbent swing capacity (SCmax), CO2 to water ratio
of 1:2, air inlet velocity of 1 m/s, desorption temperature and pressure
of 340 K and 0.2 bar, respectively and CO2 heat of adsorption of
90 kJ/mol.
Worst case scenario: adsorbent
with the shortest lifetime and the most expensive synthesis, lowest
swing fraction during the adsorption–desorption step and the
highest H2O:CO2 ratio
2019
Solid sorbents such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), contained in
low pressure drop contactors; mid range estimate: 86$-221$. The mid-range analysis assumes adsorbent purchase cost and lifetime
of $50/kg and 0.5 years, respectively, sorbent total capacity of
1 mol/kg, desorption swing capacity as 80% of SCmax
desorption pressure and temperature as 0.5 bar and 360 K, respectively,
contactor to adsorbent ratio in the range of 0.1:1 to 1:1
and CO2 to water ratio as 1:2.
A parametric study of the technoeconomics of Direct CO2 Air Capture (DAC) systems using solid adsorbents
Sinha, A. and Realff, M.J. https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aic.16607Cx Bio
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132018$94$232
They compare to APS report and note price differences due primarily to new Contactor technologz designed by Carbon Engineering.and use of K+ rather than Na+. They use Hydroxide sorbent in contactor and Ca in pellet reactor.
A Process for Capturing CO2 from the AtmosphereKeith et al.
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Review papers
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Cost of Captured CO2 $/ton CO2
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IDDateLowhighnotes about lownote about high
date of projected cost estimate
NotesTitleAuthor(s)Link
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142016Direct Capture of CO2 from Ambient AirSanz-Perez, E.S. et al. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173Cx Bio
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$25$752003Zeman 2003
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$136$1362006Keith et al. 2006
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$162$2002006Nikulshina et al. 2006
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$53$1272006Stolaroff et al. 2006
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$200$2002009Lackner 2009
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$610$6102011APS 2011
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$1,000$1,0002011House et al. 2011
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$293$8632011Simon et al. 2011
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$95$952012Kulkarni and Sholl 2012
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$60$602012Holmes and Keith 2012
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$518$5682013Mazzotti et al. 2013
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$309$3092014Zeman 2014
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152019
A sorbent-focused techno-economic analysis of direct air capture
Azarabadi, H. and Lackner, K.S.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261919306385Cx Bio
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$220$2202009Lackner et al. 2009
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$94$2322018Carbon Engineering process estimated by Keith et al. 2018
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$88$2282030National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
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RANGE of review papers
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Averages (USD only)
$258$328
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$/ton CO2
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