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1 | TITLE | AUTHORS | YEAR | HOST PUBLICATION | DOI | ABSTRACT | NOTE | THEMATICS | AFFILIATION(S) | FULLTEXT | FULLTEXT | |||||||||||||||
2 | Problematising diversity: the change that international lawyers (do not) want for international courts | Santos de Carvalho, Juliana; Uriburu, Justina | 2022 | In: London Review of International Law. - Vol. 10(2022), no. 3, pages 391-425 | 10.1093/lril/lrac020 | Scholars working on international courts and tribunals (ICTs) have recently seized the agenda of the diversity of the international judiciary and international institutions more broadly. Focusing, above all, on the lack of women in the different international benches around the world, they have criticised and proposed reforms to the composition of ICTs. This paper argues that the burgeoning literature on the diversity in ICTs expresses a particular politics of inclusion for the composition of the international judiciary. We begin by explaining the importance of looking into knowledge production in international legal scholarship as a site of (re)production of the field’s boundaries and situating the literature under study within the broader universe of the scholarship on ICTs. We then lay out this paper’s main contribution: a reconstruction and critical analysis of the normative commitments of the politics of inclusion underlying the literature on diversity in ICTs. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Governance | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301022/files/lrac020.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | The Return of Fossils Removed Under Colonial Rule | Stewens, Paul P.; Raja, Nussaïbah B.; Dunne, Emma M. | 2022 | In: Santander Art and Culture Law Review. - 2(2022), Issue 8, pages 69-94 | 10.4467/2450050XSNR.22.013.17026 | Debates on the restitution of colonial loot usually focus on art, antiquities, religious artefacts, and similar objects. Many fossils of considerable scientific and cultural value were also removed under colonial rule, yet they rarely feature in these discussions despite being classified as cultural objects. This article seeks to shed light on the colonial removal of fossils and explore potential avenues for their return under public international law. Instead of focusing on the (il-)legality of colonial takings, we argue that the right to access culture has developed from the right to participate in cultural life in Article 15(1)(a) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which provides, if not a solid legal basis, a valuable set of arguments for former colonies requesting the return of fossils looted from their countries/territories of origin. The case study of the negotiations on the return of the Broken Hill skull before the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation (ICPRCP) highlights the potential of this mechanism of dispute resolution with respect to fossils. | Arts and Culture; Global Governance - Human Rights | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300990/files/28-12-2022_SAACLR%202022_2_8_art-3.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
4 | Woman, life, freedom | Choi, Shine; Souza, Natália Maria Félix de; Lind, Amy; Parashar, Swati; Prügl, Elisabeth; Zalewski, Marysia | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 25(2022), Issue 5, pages 671-674 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2140271 | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Relations - Political Sciences Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300957/files/Woman%20Life%20Freedom.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
5 | Subnational gender inequality and childhood immunization: an ecological analysis of the subnational gender development index and DTP coverage outcomes across 57 countries | Johns, Nicole E.; Kirkby, Katherine; Goodman, Tracey; Heidari, Shirin; Munro, Jean; Shendale, Stephanie; Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza | 2022 | In: Vaccines. - Vol. 10(2022), no. 11, 1951, p. 1-11 | 10.3390/vaccines10111951 | The role of gender inequality in childhood immunization is an emerging area of focus for global efforts to improve immunization coverage and equity. Recent studies have examined the relationship between gender inequality and childhood immunization at national as well as individual levels; we hypothesize that the demonstrated relationship between greater gender equality and higher immunization coverage will also be evident when examining subnational-level data. We thus conducted an ecological analysis examining the association between the Subnational Gender Development Index (SGDI) and two measures of immunization—zero-dose diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) prevalence and 3-dose DTP coverage. Using data from 2010–2019 across 702 subnational regions within 57 countries, we assessed these relationships using fractional logistic regression models, as well as a series of analyses to account for the nested geographies of subnational regions within countries. Subnational regions were dichotomized to higher gender inequality (top quintile of SGDI) and lower gender inequality (lower four quintiles of SGDI). In adjusted models, we find that subnational regions with higher gender inequality (favoring men) are expected to have 5.8 percentage points greater zero-dose prevalence than regions with lower inequality [16.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.5–18.4%) in higher-inequality regions versus 10.6% (95% CI 9.5–11.7%) in lower-inequality regions], and 8.2 percentage points lower DTP3 immunization coverage [71.0% (95% CI 68.3–73.7%) in higher-inequality regions versus 79.2% (95% CI 77.7–80.7%) in lower-inequality regions]. In models accounting for country-level clustering of gender inequality, the magnitude and strength of associations are reduced somewhat, but remain statistically significant in the hypothesized direction. In conjunction with published work demonstrating meaningful associations between greater gender equality and better childhood immunization outcomes in individual- and country-level analyses, these findings lend further strength to calls for efforts towards greater gender equality to improve childhood immunization and child health outcomes broadly. | Open Access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300941/files/vaccines-10-01951.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
6 | A renewed neocolonial scramble for resources? | Carbonnier, Gilles; Mehrotra, Rahul | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 12(2022), Article 6 | Commodity price volatility and supply disruptions resulting from the war in Ukraine have had severe consequences for food and energy security around the world. This uncertain environment also has also made it more difficult for commodity-exporting countries to implement sound fiscal and budgetary policies. In this context, many commodity-exporting developing countries are once again struggling to break out of a cycle of neocolonial exploitation. | Dossier "The Weaponisation of Economics", produced by the Research Office | Security - Trade and Work | Development Studies | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/12/a-renewed-neocolonial-scramble-for-resources/ | |||||||||||||||||
7 | Des saisonnières aux « sans-papiers »: migration, genre et économie politique des corps (in)sécurisés en Suisse | Santos Rodriguez, Victor | 2022 | In: Géo-Regards : revue neuchâteloise de géographie. - No 15(2022), pages 83-100 | 10.33055/GEOREGARDS.2022.015.83 | A l'appui d'une ontologie féministe centrée sur les corps, cet article rend compte des effets croisés du régime migratoire libéral-sécuritaire et des normes de genre en Suisse. Il montre comment cette configuration insécurisante produit un sous-prolétariat de femmes immigrées dont le travail est relégué dans des espaces d'invisibilité mais non moins extrait au bénéfice de l'économie. Cette perspective éclaire la condition des saisonnières et épouses de saisonniers d'hier, tout en mettant en relief la continuité entre leur situation et celle des travailleuses "sans-papiers" d'aujourd'hui. Les récits incarnés de l'insécurité disent le rapport consubstantiel qui lie domination et résistance. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Mobilities and Migration - Security - Trade and Work | Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300582/files/Des_saisonnie%CC%80res_aux_sans-papiers.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
8 | Dissatisfied, but not discouraged. the effects of French female lawyers perceiving gender discrimination | Insarauto, Valeria; Boni-Le Goff, Isabel; Mallard, Grégoire; Lépinard, Eléonore; Le Feuvre, Nicky | 2022 | In: Journal of Professions and Organization. - Volume 9, Issue 3, October 2022, Pages 303–317 | 10.1093/jpo/joac013 | Previous research has suggested not only that gender discrimination is widespread in law firms, conditioning women's career paths and full integration into the legal profession, but also that female lawyers are more likely than their male counterparts to perceive unfair treatment. However, little research exists on how female lawyers' perceptions of gender discrimination may affect their individual work experiences, in particular their attitudes toward their job and their career. This article aims to fill this gap by examining how perceived gender discrimination affects female lawyers' job satisfaction with their career prospects and work–life balance, as well as their intentions to leave the legal profession. With a focus on the under-researched French case, it draws on the quantitative analysis of the data collected from an online survey administered to 663 female Parisian lawyers. Results show that perceptions of discrimination negatively affect women's satisfaction with regard to their career prospects and work–life balance, but do not have any influence on their quitting intentions. By adopting a 'view from below' on the individual work experiences of female lawyers, the article sheds new light on the dynamics of women's disadvantage in legal careers. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300574/files/joac013.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
9 | Gendered repertoires of contention: women’s resistance, authoritarian state formation, and land grabbing in Cambodia | Joshi, Saba | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 24(2022) No. 2, pages 198-220 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2053295 | As strongmen and autocrats become increasingly visible in global politics, what gendered resistances arise and how do these contend with repressive regimes? Since 2017, following a severe purge of his critics, Cambodia’s longstanding Prime Minister Hun Sen has put the country under a near total form of authoritarian rule. His regime has been bolstered by a distinct mode of accumulation involving large-scale land transfers to foreign and domestic allies, which have systematically evicted and dispossessed a large number of the country’s smallholder farmers and the urban poor of their homes and agricultural lands. Amid this surge of "land grabbing," Cambodian women from across the country have led and sustained public protests to reclaim their lands. In this article, I study the routines and performances of poor women’s collective action against the state and outline four distinct types of "repertoires of contention" used by women in their protests: strategic positioning, anti-politics, self-sacrifice, and solidarity. I argue that these repertoires are embedded in and enact the authoritarian state that they contest and advance the notion of the "gendered authoritarian state" that is made visible in contentious interactions between the state and its dispossessed citizens. | This article was named the winner of the 2020 Enloe Award. Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300565/files/GC_Gendered_repertoires_of_contention.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
10 | Reclaiming agency through the politics of the in_visible body: illegalized migration and self-representation of women domestic workers in Switzerland | Santos Rodriguez, Victor; Griffiths, Maevia Laureen | 2022 | In: On_Culture: The Open Journal for the Study of Culture. - 2022, no. 13, p. 1-34 | 10.22029/oc.2022.1269 | This article deepens our understanding of agency in the context of (in)securitized migration by engaging with the experiences of ‘undocumented’ women domestic workers in Switzerland. By linking the securitization framework with gaze theories and ontologies of the body, the following article accounts for migrants’ embodied and gendered experiences of (in)security and agency. In this perspective, the same bodies which are subjected to domination become tools of resistance enacted through a politics of in_visibilities. While these women mobilize strategies of invisibilization (camouflage, spatial practices of avoidance) to resist deportation, they simultaneously reappropriate self-representation by visibilizing their embodied presence within Switzerland’s visual field, creating a counter-gaze to their (in)securitization. This is manifest in the three cases of embodied plural performances studied through a methodology that combines interviews and filmmaking. While protesting, dancing and testifying illustrate how practices of bodily display can be used as collective rehumanizing tools, they also show how this mobilized visibility remains constrained by women’s (in)securitized conditions. Their agency becomes apparent in their ability to navigate this fine line, that is, the ways in which they creatively engage with the liminal spaces between the visible and the invisible to visually and politically inscribe their incarnated existence, overall destabilizing the securitized gaze. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Mobilities and Migration | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300551/files/1269-Article%20Text-2582-3-10-20220915.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
11 | Rethinking masculinities, militarization, and unequal development | Choi, Shine; Souza, Natália Maria Félix de; Lind, Amy; Parashar, Swati; Prügl, Elisabeth; Zalewski, Marysia | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 24(2022), Issue 4, pages 515-518 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2112854 | Development and Cooperation - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300312/files/Rethinking%20masculinities%20militarization%20and%20unequal%20development.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | “We are not allowed to speak”: some thoughts about a consultation process around lithium mining in Northern Argentina | Escosteguy, Melisa; Hufty, Marc; Clavijo, Araceli; Diaz Paz, Walter Fernando; Seghezzo, Lucas | 2022 | In: The Extractive Industries and Society.- 2022, 101134, pages 1-5 | 10.1016/j.exis.2022.101134 | In October 2021, the government of Catamarca, a province located in Northern Argentina, announced the beginning of a consultation process to debate about a lithium mining project located in the Salar del Hombre Muerto. According to several laws and international treaties passed by Argentina, before any program, project or law that affect Indigenous peoples, their territories and resources, a Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) consultation has to held. In Argentina, the provinces are in charge of controlling all mining activities and carrying out consultation processes. However, in many cases the provinces have not upheld this right to consultation and local communities have regularly protested. Consultation processes often take place in conflictive scenario. The aim of this Viewpoint is to illustrate, through an ethnographic approach, how concretely a consultation process around lithium mining was carried out in Catamarca. Our findings show that the fairness of this particular consultation process was compromised by limits imposed on access to transparent information and by barriers imposed to local participation. We conclude that in order to move towards a fair energy transition it is imperative to address the vulnerability of local communities, to guarantee greater transparency of information about lithium projects, and to hold FPIC according to the spirit and the letter of international conventions. | Environment and the Anthropocene | Development Studies - Centre for International Environmental Studies | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300296/files/1-s2.0-S2214790X22000983-main.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
13 | The powers of silence: making sense of the non-definition of gender in international criminal law | Santos de Carvalho, Juliana | 2022 | In: Leiden Journal of International Law. - Vol. 35(2022), no 4, pages 963-985 | 10.1017/S0922156522000541 | Silence has often been studied in international law as a mechanism tied to passivity and oppression. In this study, I propose an exploration of other ontologies of silence by unravelling its possibilities as an active mechanism, namely: (i) a tool for resistance; and (ii) a linguistic device for managing disagreement. For this, I use as an exploratory ground the construction of a non-definition of gender for the crime of persecution in international criminal law (ICL). Analysing the Rome Statute negotiations, I examine how gender-conservative actors successfully opposed the proposal for a non-definition of gender, arguing that such a solution would harm the clarity required by the principle of legality in ICL. By establishing that legal rules must be clear, specific, and cohesive, I argue that the legality principle imposes a burden of speech upon non-state voices in ICL, one that encircles them within a subalternity scheme where speech is demanded but can only be performed or mediated by states. Exploring the negotiations of the Convention on Crimes Against Humanity draft, I examine how the non-definition of gender allowed feminist and queer activists to resist such a burden of speech for the conceptualization of gender. Simultaneously, silence also provided an opportunity for International Law Commission members to propose a draft that avoids cacophony around a contentious term. By reflecting on the active roles of silence, this study contributes to new modes of analysing resistance to dominant modes of legal discourse, as well as exploring dynamics of order(ing) in international law-making. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Governance - | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300290/files/the-powers-of-silence-making-sense-of-the-non-definition-of-gender-in-international-criminal-law.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
14 | Women's labor force participation in insurgency and ethno-religious conflict: the cases of Aceh and Ambon | Udasmoro, Wening | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 24(2022), No. 3, pages 395-414 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2084138 | This article explores changes in patterns of labor participation in two types of conflict settings in Indonesia: the insurgency in Aceh and the ethno-religious conflict in Ambon, Maluku. It brings into view interactions between gender on the one hand, and religion, age, social class, and ethnicity on the other, while also taking into consideration regional economies. I show how intersectional dynamics set in motion by different types of conflict create different patterns of labor force participation. Women increased their economic activity in both conflicts but became breadwinners only in a few specific contexts. Moreover, their increased economic activity was sometimes experienced as hardship and sometimes as empowerment. After the conflict, many women in Aceh returned to the domestic sphere in the name of Sharia law, whereas many in Ambon remained economically active. I argue that different types of conflict in different economic contexts and the associated differences in the relationships between gender, religion, age, social class, and ethnicity help to explain this variation in outcomes. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflict - Religion - Trade and Work | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300204/files/Women_s_labor_force_participation.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
15 | Gendered forms of authority and solidarity in the management of ethno-religious conflicts | Rigual, Christelle; Udasmoro, Wening; Onyesoh, Joy | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 24(2022), No. 3, pages 368-394 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2084139 | In both Ambon in Indonesia and Jos in Nigeria, existing communal ethno-religious tensions quickly spiraled into uncontrolled violence, and people organized to counteract conflict escalation through the development of conflict management mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms draw on gender as a resource in various intersectional ways. Micro-analytical literature on conflict tends to remain gender blind, ignoring a potent social force in conflict dynamics, while feminist literature on conflict focuses either on norms, symbols, discourse, and representations, or on women's efforts for peace. This article thus seeks to address an existing gap in the literature by exploring the intersectional relationships between gender dynamics and conflict management at the local level in Ambon and Jos. Our analysis draws on more than 110 interviews and focus group discussions. Engaging in a paired comparison between the two cities, we identify inductively two intersectionally gendered logics of ethno-religious conflict management present in both settings: deployments of gendered authority (in women's practices of “checkmating” and men's efforts of rumor control) and of gendered cross-community solidarity (in interfaith markets, rituals, and dialogues). This article ultimately contributes to expanding, deepening, and challenging existing research on conflict, suggesting that adopting a feminist, constructivist micro-level lens allows for the excavation of important and often invisibilized gendered logics of conflict management. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflict - Religion | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300203/files/Gendered_forms_of_authority.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
16 | Gender and the micro-dynamics of violent conflicts | Rigual, Christelle; Prügl, Elisabeth; Kunz, Rahel | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Volume 24(2022), no 3, pages 345-367 | 10.1080/14616742.2022.2083652 | Conventional stories about conflicts often miss the role of everyday practices in escalating and de-escalating violence and how intersecting social dynamics of gender, ethnicity, age, and religion shape these practices. In this article, we introduce the Special Section on Gender and the Micro-Dynamics of Violent Conflicts. Situating the section within the scholarship on gender and violent conflict, we discuss the opportunities and paradoxes opened up by the adoption of a micro-level approach. We present theoretical and methodological reflections that emerge from the findings of the contributions and that arose in the process of implementing the research project on which these articles draw. We also reflect on the practical implications of our research. Specifically, we discuss conundrums of violent conflict research regarding two key feminist concepts – namely, gender and intersectionality – and explore (explanatory) arguments about the complex intersectional relationships between gender and violent conflict. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflicts - | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300198/files/Gender%20and%20the%20micro%20dynamics%20of%20violent%20conflicts.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
17 | Gender-related inequality in childhood immunization coverage: a cross-sectional analysis of DTP3 coverage and zero-dose DTP prevalence in 52 countries using the SWPER global index | Johns, Nicole E.; Santos, Thiago M.; Arroyave, Luisa; Cata-Preta, Bianca O.; Heidari, Shirin; Kirkby, Katherine; Munro, Jean; Schlotheuber, Anne; Wendt, Andrea; O'Brien, Kate | 2022 | In: Vaccines. - Volume 10(2022), no 7, pages 1-14 | 10.3390/vaccines10070988 | Gender-related barriers to immunization are key targets to improve immunization coverage and equity. We used individual-level demographic and health survey data from 52 low- and middle-income countries to examine the relationship between women’s social independence (measured by the Survey-based Women’s emPowERment (SWPER) Global Index) and childhood immunization. The primary outcome was receipt of three doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) among children aged 12–35 months; we secondarily examined failure to receive any doses of DTP-containing vaccines. We summarized immunization coverage indicators by social independence tertile and estimated crude and adjusted summary measures of absolute and relative inequality. We conducted all analyses at the country level using individual data; median results across the 52 examined countries are also presented. In crude comparisons, median DTP3 coverage was 12.3 (95% CI 7.9; 16.3) percentage points higher among children of women with the highest social independence compared with children of women with the lowest. Thirty countries (58%) had a difference in coverage between those with the highest and lowest social independence of at least 10 percentage points. In adjusted models, the median coverage was 7.4 (95% CI 5.0; 9.1) percentage points higher among children of women with the highest social independence. Most countries (41, 79%) had statistically significant relative inequality in DTP3 coverage by social independence. The findings suggest that greater social independence for women was associated with better childhood immunization outcomes, adding evidence in support of gender-transformative strategies to reduce childhood immunization inequities. | And 3 other authors. Open access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300166/files/vaccines-10-00988-v2.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
18 | Integrating gender into social marketing programmes | Aya Pastrana, Nathaly; Somerville, Claire; Suggs, L Suzanne | 2022 | In: Journal of Marketing Management. - Vol. 38(2022), no 11-12, pages 1072-1103 | 10.1080/0267257X.2022.2071964 | Development and Cooperation - Education - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Interdisciplinary Programmes - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300161/files/Integrating%20gender%20into%20social%20marketing%20programmes.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
19 | Beyond survey measures: exploring international male graduate students’ sense of belonging in electrical engineering | Antonio, Anthony Lising; Baek, Chanwoong | 2022 | In: Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education. - Volume 13(2022), no 2, pages 132-150 | 10.1108/SGPE-02-2021-0015 | Purpose Although a student’s sense of belonging is a key factor of persistence in higher education, research on international students’ belonging tends to rely on domain-agnostic survey measures and promote interpretations that focus mainly on social integration and adjustment. This paper aims to examine how male international graduate students in engineering understand and describe their sense of belonging and how they perceive its development at their institution. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 12 male electrical engineering doctoral students at a selective research university in the USA. This interpretive approach allowed students to articulate their subjective understanding of belonging within a specific disciplinary context. Findings Contrary to the broad notion that the social domain is the primary locus of students’ sense of belonging, participants emphasized the academic domain when referring to their struggles with, and attempts to develop, a sense of belonging. Results suggest that the meritocratic culture of engineering education may influence students to prioritize the academic domain when conceptualizing and developing their belonging. Moreover, the strong academic motivation endemic to international students pursuing graduate education at a top American research university intensified this mechanism. Originality/value This study argues that universities seeking to enhance international graduate students’ sense of belonging can be more intentional in providing opportunities for students to establish positive academic identities. Furthermore, addressing students’ non-academic identity and marginalization as relevant and essential topics in engineering will expand their understanding of what means to belong. | Education - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Relations - Political Sciences Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300155/files/Antonio%20and%20Baek%20-%202022%20-%20Beyond%20survey%20measures%20exploring%20international%20ma.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
20 | A call for citizen science in pandemic preparedness and response: beyond data collection | Tan, Yi-Roe; Agrawal, Anurag; Matsoso, Malebona Precious; Katz, Rebecca; Davis, Sara L. M.; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Huber, Annalena; Joshi, Ashish; Nguyen, Vinh-Kim; Gill, Amandeep S. | 2022 | In: BMJ Global Health. - 2022, 7:e009389, pages 1-7 | 10.1136/ bmjgh-2022-009389 | The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the need to partner with the community in pandemic preparedness and response in order to enable trust-building among stakeholders, which is key in pandemic management. Citizen science, defined here as a practice of public participation and collaboration in all aspects of scientific research to increase knowledge and build trust with governments and researchers, is a crucial approach to promoting community engagement. By harnessing the potential of digitally enabled citizen science, one could translate data into accessible, comprehensible and actionable outputs at the population level. The application of citizen science in health has grown over the years, but most of these approaches remain at the level of participatory data collection. This narrative review examines citizen science approaches in participatory data generation, modelling and visualisation, and calls for truly participatory and co-creation approaches across all domains of pandemic preparedness and response. Further research is needed to identify approaches that optimally generate short-term and long-term value for communities participating in population health. Feasible, sustainable and contextualised citizen science approaches that meaningfully engage affected communities for the long-term will need to be inclusive of all populations and their cultures, comprehensive of all domains, digitally enabled and viewed as a key component to allow trust-building among the stakeholders. The impact of COVID-19 on people’s lives has created an opportune time to advance people’s agency in science, particularly in pandemic preparedness and response. | And 18 other authors. Open access - Creative commons CC BY-NC | Arts and Culture - Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence - Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Global Health Centre - Interdisciplinary Programmes | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300104/files/GHC_Davis_etal.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
21 | The association between childhood immunization and gender inequality: a multi-country ecological analysis of zero-dose DTP prevalence and DTP3 immunization coverage | Heidari, Shirin; Vidal-Fuertes, Cecilia; Johns, Nicole E.; Goodman, Tracey; Munro, Jean; Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza | 2022 | In: Vaccines. - Volume 10(2022), no 7, pages 1-13 | 10.3390/vaccines10071032 | This study explores the association between childhood immunization and gender inequality at the national level. Data for the study include annual country-level estimates of immunization among children aged 12–23 months, indicators of gender inequality, and associated factors for up to 165 countries from 2010–2019. The study examined the association between gender inequality, as measured by the gender development index and the gender inequality index, and two key outcomes: prevalence of children who received no doses of the DTP vaccine (zero-dose children) and children who received the third dose of the DTP vaccine (DTP3 coverage). Unadjusted and adjusted fractional logit regression models were used to identify the association between immunization and gender inequality. Gender inequality, as measured by the Gender Development Index, was positively and significantly associated with the proportion of zero-dose children (high inequality AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13–2.30). Consistently, full DTP3 immunization was negatively and significantly associated with gender inequality (high inequality AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46–0.86). These associations were robust to the use of an alternative gender inequality measure (the Gender Inequality Index) and were consistent across a range of model specifications controlling for demographic, economic, education, and health-related factors. Gender inequality at the national level is predictive of childhood immunization coverage, highlighting that addressing gender barriers is imperative to achieve universal coverage in immunization and to ensure that no child is left behind in routine vaccination. | Open access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300102/files/vaccines-10-01032.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
22 | The gender aspect of migrants' assimilation in Europe | Lee, Taehoon; Peri, Giovanni; Viarengo, Martina | 2022 | In: Labour Economics. - Volume 78(2022), no. 102180, pages 1-30 | 10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102180 | The labor market performance of migrants relative to natives has been widely studied but its gender dimension has been relatively neglected. Our paper aims at revisiting labor market convergence between migrants and natives and examining this dimension in a comprehensive study of the EU-15 countries and Switzerland over the period 1999-2018. We measure convergence of labor market outcomes, such as employment probability, for male and female migrants to similar natives before and after the Great Recession and across countries of destination. Our results show that in most countries female migrants start with a larger employment gap but converge more rapidly than male migrants do. We also provide an overview of the correlation between potential factors such as economic conditions, labor market structures, institutions and attitudes towards migrants and women and employment convergence of male and female migrants. While we do not identify very significant correlations at the national level, we find a strong correlation between attitudes towards migrants and their employment convergence across sub-national regions. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Mobilities and Migration - Trade and Work | International Economics Department - Gender Centre - Global Migration Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300042/files/Gender_Aspect_of_Migrants_Assimilation_in_Europe.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
23 | Legal gender recognition in times of change at the European Court of Human Rights | Holzer, Lena | 2022 | In: ERA Forum. - 2022, no 23, pages 165-182 | 10.1007/s12027-022-00710-z | The COVID-19 pandemic has made the role of identity papers for the enjoyment of human rights once more obvious. It is thus a suitable moment to analyse the current implementation of the right to change the gender and/or name on official documents and civil registries in Europe. This article specifically examines the jurisprudence on the right to gender recognition of the European Court of Human Rights. It concludes that the Court is moving towards recognising the right to change one’s legal gender and/or name on an unconditional basis, and that it will need to deliberate on the right to be free from any state-imposed gender label in the future. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Human Rights - | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300041/files/s12027-022-00710-z.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
24 | Understanding the meanings of male partner support in the adherence to therapy among HIV-positive women: a gender analysis | Triulzi, Isotta; Somerville, Claire; Sangwani, Salimu; Palla, Ilaria; Orlando, Stefano; Mamary, Hawa Sangare; Ciccacci, Fausto; Marazzi, Maria Cristina; Turchetti, Giuseppe | 2022 | In: Global Health Action. - Volume 15(2022), Issue 1, 2051223, pages 1-9 | 10.1080/16549716.2022.2051223 | Background: Previous literature reports that low male partner support is a barrier to women’s adherence and retention in HIV care programs. Objective: This qualitative study explored the relationships between partners to understand what is meant by male partner support in adherence of HIV-positive women in four healthcare facilities in Southern Malawi. Methods: We conducted 8 semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) with 73 participants (40 men and 33 women) and 10 in-depth interviews (IDIs) between August 2018 to December 2019. Participants were HIV-positive patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), expert patients (EPs), and couples attending the clinic. All data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a gender-responsive grounded theory approach. Results: This study confirms previous literature, which suggests male partner support is expressed by providing access to transport to the clinic and accompaniment to appointments. However, we found that men can also control access to resources and decisionmaking. Support is more complex than previous literature reported and, in some cases, gender norms significantly limit women’s capacity to engage in care independently of male support since women need male partner permission to access the resources to attend clinics. Conclusions: This paper suggests that restrictive male-partner gender norms limit women’s power to engage in care. Most importantly, the gender analysis reveals that what previous literature describes as male partner support can sometimes hide male partner control in permitting access to resources to attend health facilities. For this reason, policies enhancing male support should consider the gender power relationship between partners to avoid reinforcing gender inequality. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Interdisciplinary Programmes - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299987/files/Understanding_the_meanings_of_male_partner_support.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
25 | Similar gaps, different paths ? Comparing racial inequalities among BA holders in Brazil and the United States | Silva, Graziella Moraes Dias da; Souza Leão, Luciana T. de; Ciocca Eller, Christina; Carvalhaes, Flavio; DiPrete, Thomas A. | 2022 | In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology. - Volume 62(2022), no 5, pages 359-384 | 10.1177/00207152221085564 | In this article, we compare how racial inequalities are shaped by school-to-work transitions among bachelor’s degree (BA) holders in Brazil and the United States. Our findings reveal how distinct paths linking higher education and the job market can drive similar patterns of Black–White earnings gaps. While the distribution across fields of study matters more for racial earnings inequality in Brazil, differential returns to the same field and occupations are a stronger determinant in the United States. We also find that linked closure, that is, the exclusion of Black BA holders from occupations with high levels of linkage to the labor market, is the predominant mechanism in the United States, while a mix between linked closure and what we term unlinked closure, that is, the exclusion of Black BA holders from occupations that have weak linkages to fields of study, is more important in Brazil. By identifying variations in mechanisms leading to racial inequality, this article contributes to debates in comparative race relations and stratification. | Open access, Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | Education - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299966/files/IJCS_Moraes_Silva_2022.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
26 | Watering down human rights ? A healthy environment for the rights to water and sanitation | Reiners, Nina | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 11(2022), Article 9 | Water is a scarce global resource and one that is particularly vulnerable to neoliberal capture by governments and companies. To ensure the rights to water and sanitation for all, increased cooperation between international agencies is essential, along with an approach that also allows for participation by representatives of the world’s most vulnerable groups. | Dossier "The Uncertain Future of Human Rights", produced by the Research Office | Environment and the Anthropocene - Global Governance - Human Rights | Global Governance Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/11/watering-down-human-rights-a-healthy-environment-for-the-rights-to-water-and-sanitation/ | |||||||||||||||||
27 | Depletions: the future of population decline and human rights | Bharadwaj, Aditya | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 11(2022), Article 8 | Family planning initiatives have for many years been subject to criticism for potential human rights violations. Today, pro-natalist policies – especially in Eastern Europe and Central Asia – are likewise at risk of generating negative consequences both for sexual and reproductive rights and for human rights more generally. | Dossier "The Uncertain Future of Human Rights", produced by the Research Office | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health - Human Rights | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/11/depletions-the-future-of-population-decline-and-human-rights/ | |||||||||||||||||
28 | Feminisms and human rights | Bourke Martignoni, Joanna | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 11(2022), Article 6 | Feminist perspectives on gender-based inequality, as well as on other human rights issues, are multiple and varied. In line with this heterogeneity, many feminists are also calling for a more participatory approach to human rights, focussing on potentially neglected issues and ensuring that voices “from the margins” are heard. | Dossier "The Uncertain Future of Human Rights", produced by the Research Office | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Human Rights | Gender Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/11/feminisms-and-human-rights/ | |||||||||||||||||
29 | The future of economic, social and cultural rights | Golay, Christophe; Kothari, Miloon | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 11(2022), Article 5 | In a world of increasing inequalities, immediate action to protect economic, social and cultural rights is essential. Not only must existing rights instruments be respected and strengthened, it may also be necessary for economic and social rights to prevail over intellectual property rights when such fundamental human rights as the right to health or to food security are at stake. | Dossier "The Uncertain Future of Human Rights", produced by the Research Office | Human Rights | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/11/the-future-of-economic-social-and-cultural-rights/ | ||||||||||||||||||
30 | Rescuing human rights: challenges of identity and diversity in a context of democratic backsliding | Torbisco Casals, Neus | 2022 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 11(2022), Article 2 | Both liberal democracy and human rights are proving increasingly vulnerable to the re-emergence of authoritarianism, and populist leaders around the world are thriving in a climate of generalised mistrust. As part of the solution, however, Western liberal elites may themselves need to take more responsibility for addressing issues of community and belonging. | Dossier "The Uncertain Future of Human Rights", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Human Rights | Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/11/rescuing-human-rights-challenges-of-identity-and-diversity-in-a-context-of-democratic-backsliding/ | |||||||||||||||||
31 | Gifting relationships and school dropout in rural Malawi: examining differences by gender and poverty level | Pike, Isabel; Grant, Monica | 2022 | In: Studies in Family Planning. - Volume 53(2022), no. 1, pages 173-192 | 10.1111/sifp.12187 | Research from sub-Saharan Africa has shown the heightened likelihood of dropping out of school for students in sexual relationships, particularly girls. However, our knowledge is limited as to whether the risk of school dropout is exacerbated by the exchange of gifts in the relationship as well as students’ poverty level. Drawing on longitudinal survey data from rural Malawi, this study explores these questions, examining differences by gender and poverty level in the association between being in a sexual relationship in which gifts are exchanged and school dropout for adolescents in primary school. Our findings show that for both boys and girls, being in a gifting relationship heightens the risk of school dropout and eliminates the protective advantages of being nonpoor on dropout. However, non-gifting sexual relationships also erase the protective advantage of being nonpoor for girls, but not for boys. These results point to the value of examining poverty–gender interactions to gain a more nuanced understanding of the impact of sexual relationships on adolescent trajectories. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license | Education - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299865/files/Studies_in_Family_Planning_2022_Pike.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
32 | Considerations of sex and gender dimensions by research ethics committees: a scoping review | Saxena, Abha; Lasher, Emily; Somerville, Claire; Heidari, Shirin | 2022 | In: International Health. - Vol. 14(2022), no 6, pages 554-561 | 10.1093/inthealth/ihab093 | Despite a growing consensus on the importance of integrating sex and gender in health research, research across disciplines continues to be conducted and reported without a gender focus. Research ethics committees (RECs) can play a particularly powerful role in identifying the gender gaps at an early stage of the development of research protocols. Their role is missing in the dialogue related to improving gender awareness and analysis in health research. A scoping review was conducted to examine the extent to which RECs discuss and consider the inclusion and analysis of sex and gender in health research and to examine the literature regarding the gender balance of RECs. The limited literature around gender and research ethics reveals the power and potential of RECs to ensure that gender dimensions are thoughtfully included in health research, and sheds light on the gaps that exist. These include an under-representation of women on RECs, a lack of awareness of the importance of gender-related aspects in health research and a paucity of gender-related training to RECs. Guidelines such as the Sex and Gender Equity in Research guidelines are required for RECs to strengthen the ways in which health research is gendered from conception of a research protocol to its publication. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License | Global Health - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299836/files/ihab093.pdf, | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299836/files/Supplementary%20material.pdf | |||||||||||||||
33 | Doing queer in the everyday of academia: reflections on queering a conference in international law | Schramm, Bérénice Kafui; Santos de Carvalho, Juliana; Holzer, Lena; Beury, Manon | 2022 | In: AJIL Unbound. - Volume 116(2022) , pages 16-21 | 10.1017/aju.2021.73 | The pioneering 1990s movement in critical theory has generated path-breaking scholarship seeking to queer law. Efforts to queer international law have produced important research uncovering the role of international law as a performative discourse and as a transnational governance framework reproducing gendered and sexual hegemonies. However, these efforts have done very little to destabilize the structures and workings of the very site where international law is theorized and taught: the university. Queering international law has mostly entailed looking at how the state, international organizations, international lawyers, scholars, and civil society produce or resist the heteronormative matrix, "that grid of cultural intelligibility through which bodies, genders, and desires are naturalized." But what about the role of the university and its everyday routines––themselves byproducts of the aforementioned matrix––in reproducing and/or resisting (gendered) hierarchies and exclusions? We have raised this question as young scholars involved in organizing a week-long event on queer methods in international legal scholarship. The present essay is a first attempt at grappling with what the queering of an academic conference in international law meant for us, and for the university itself. It echoes a recent trend in scholarship on queer pedagogies, which, however, remain mostly silent on practices of scientific exchange. By reflecting on our efforts to queer a workshop in the field of international law, we also hope to inspire others to pursue their own queer processes of knowledge production. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution licence - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Education | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299835/files/doing-queer-in-the-everyday-of-academia-reflections-on-queering-a-conference-in-international-law.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
34 | Co-producing ethnoracial categories: census-takers in the 2017 Peruvian National Census | Silva, Graziella Moraes Dias da; Gonzales Huaman, Meylin Alessandra; Sulmont, David | 2022 | In: Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. - Volume 17(2022), Issue 2, pages 219-242 | 10.1080/17442222.2021.1915432 | The growing literature that analyzes the production of ethnoracial categories has focused primarily on the role of nation-states, social movements, and transnational trends. The internal institutional debates that influence these processes have received limited attention, and the role of census-takers in particular remains largely unexplored. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 54 census-takers in the 2017 Peruvian National Census, this paper argues that census-takers are influential actors in the production of ethnoracial categories and can be considered street-level bureaucrats. In our study, census-takers’ interpretations of the ethnoracial question and categories emphasized dimensions of race and ethnicity that increased the likelihood of residents to identify as mestizos. These findings suggest that, despite their temporary role, census-takers are important actors in the production of ethnoracial categories in societies where these are contested. | Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299817/files/Co_producing_ethnoracial_categories.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
35 | Mining indigenous territories: consensus, tensions and ambivalences in the Salar de Atacama | Hufty, Marc; Lorca, Mauricio; Olivera Andrade, Manuel; Escosteguy, Melisa; Köppel, Jonas; Scoville-Simonds, Morgan | 2022 | In: The Extractive Industries and Society. - Volume 9(2022), 101047, pages 1-11 | 10.1016/j.exis.2022.101047 | Lithium mining in Chile's Salar de Atacama (SdA) has a relatively long and controversial history, especially when it comes to the local Indigenous peoples. In this context, this paper looks at the ways mining activities, and different visions of territory and indigeneity co-produce each other in the particular context of the SdA. For this, we use historical and ethnographic methods and draw on studies in anthropology and geography. We aim to escape simplistic images of Indigenous peoples’ reactions to mining as reflecting victimhood, resistance, or strategic pragmatism, and show instead how individuals and groups organize and express themselves in ambivalent ways, maintaining complex relationships with both mining and the territory. According to our local interlocutors, struggles around territory in the SdA mainly concern water scarcity, the survival of this unique ecosystem's biological diversity, as well as continuity and change in local lifeways. While recent agreements between mining companies and local communities may benefit some individuals, they are also generating inter- and intra- community tensions over these issues. We find that mining shapes what 'indigenous' means and who can claim this identity, while Indigenous mobilization in turn shapes how mining is perceived and carried out. Together, mining and Indigenous mobilization produce a particular kind of territory, pervaded by diverse lines of both consensus and tension. Rather than contradictions, the ambivalent positions Indigenous peoples maintain become comprehensible when considering, ethnographically and historically, the particular places and lifeworlds they inhabit, and the asymmetrical patterns of constraint and opportunity they face. More broadly, the paper raises questions about the implications of a global transition to renewable energy based on lithium battery technologies, and ethical responses to the climate crisis. | Open-access article, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license | Arts and Culture - Environment and the Anthropocene - Justice, Equity and Inclusion - Peace, War and Conflict | Development Studies - Centre for International Environmental Studies | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299811/files/1-s2.0-S2214790X22000053-main.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
36 | Running for inclusion: responsibility, (un)deservingness and the spectacle of integration in a sport-for-refugees intervention in Geneva, Switzerland | Kataria, Mridul; De Martini Ugolotti, Nicola | 2022 | In: Sport in Society. - Volume 25(2022), no 3, pages 602-618 | 10.1080/17430437.2022.2017820 | This study contributes to critical inter-disciplinary analyses of the meanings, uses and implications of sport-for-integration initiatives in relation to the contemporary politics of asylum in the Global North. It will do so, by drawing on an ethnographic study addressing the activities of FLAG21, a sport project based in Geneva, Switzerland, that employs running as an instrument of integration and health promotion for migrants and refugees. In advancing this discussion, we put to dialogue Nicholas De Genova’s work on the ‘border spectacle’ (2013) with critical analyses of integration in (forced) migration studies to explore what we call the ‘integration spectacle’. Through this lens, we address FLAG21 activities to examine the scenes of inclusion and the obscene of exclusion that sports projects aiming to foster refugees’ social integration can at the same time make visible and unwittingly conceal through their interventions. The discussion illuminates the ambivalent positions that sports interventions occupy within the politics and moral representations of asylum. This, as a premise to imagine, co-create and support sport and leisure practices and contexts that are more closely attending to and engaging with refugees’ experiences, struggles and trajectories within and beyond contemporary regimes of asylum. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Justice, Equity and Inclusion - Mobilities and Migration | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299803/files/Running_for_Inclusion_Mridul_2022.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
37 | Mobilizing gender for conflict prevention: women's situation rooms | Drumond Rangel Campos, Paula; Prügl, Elisabeth; Spano, Maria Consolata | 2022 | In: Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. - Vol. 16(2022), no 3, pages 249-268 | 10.1080/17502977.2021.1999136 | In West Africa, women's organizations have created the Women's Situation Room (WSR) – a mechanism aimed at preventing and responding to episodes of violence and instability. Drawing on experiences from Senegal, Ghana and Nigeria, the article explores how strategies developed and deployed by WSRs use gender as a productive force to counteract violence. We identify three ways in which WSRs take advantage of gendered constructions: feminist organizing creates the political networks that make the WSRs possible; women’s location outside formal politics gives them legitimacy; and maternal constructions of femininity give them the power to disrupt and coopt potentially violent actors. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflict | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299544/files/Mobilizing%20Gender%20for%20Conflict%20Prevention%20Women%20s%20Situation%20Rooms.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
38 | Domestic violence and workfare: an evaluation of India's MGNREGS | Sarma, Nayantara | 2022 | In: World Development. - Volume 149(2022), 105688, pages 1-14 | 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105688 | Economic shocks are commonly linked with domestic violence. This paper looks at how India’s workfare program mediates the effect of income shocks on domestic violence. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) guarantees 100 days of employment to rural households and acts as a form of insurance. Using the phased implementation of MGNREGS across districts in India from 2006 to 2008, I employ a difference-in-differences strategy to show that the introduction of the MGNREGS mitigates the effect of adverse rainfall shocks on officially reported domestic violence crimes at the district level by 8 to 22 percent. Using complementary household data from the India Human Development Survey, I explore the mediating effect of the MGNREGS on rainfall shocks and possible increases in women’s empowerment. There are positive effects of participating in the scheme on women’s freedom of mobility but inconclusive evidence on women’s say in household decisions. | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) license | Finance and Investment - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299540/files/Domestic-violence-and-workfare.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
39 | Sentenced for the season: Jamaican migrant farmworkers on Okanagan orchards | Hjalmarson, Elise | 2022 | In: Race & Class. - Volume 63(2022), no 4, pages 81-100 | 10.1177/03063968211054856 | Despite perfunctory characterisation of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a ‘triple win’, scholars and activists have long admonished its lack of government oversight, disrespect for migrant rights and indentureship of foreign workers. This article contends that the SAWP is predicated upon naturalised, deeply engrained and degrading beliefs that devalue Black lives and labour. Based on twenty months’ ethnographic fieldwork in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, it reveals the extent to which anti-Black racism permeates, organises and frustrates workers’ lives on farms and in local communities. It situates such experiences, which workers characterise as ‘prison life’, in the context of anti-Black immigration policy and the workings of racial capitalism. This ethnography of Caribbean migrants not only adds perspective to scholarship hitherto focused on the experiences of Latino workers, but it also reinforces critical work on anti-Black racism in contemporary Canada. | Creative commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license | Justice, Equity and Inclusion - Mobilities and Migration | Global Migration Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299538/files/Sentenced-for-the-Season.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
40 | The intimate labour of internationalism: maternalist humanitarians and the mid-twentieth century family planning movement | Bourbonnais, Nicole | 2022 | In: Journal of Global History. - Volume 17, Issue 3, November 2022, pages 515-538 | 10.1017/S1740022821000309 | This article moves past high politics and the most prominent activists to explore the daily, intimate practice of international movement building by mid-level fieldworkers within the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) during its first decade of existence (1952–62). It illustrates how fieldworkers and the IPPF’s practitioner-oriented newsletter Around the World attempted to bridge the ideological and geographic diversity of the family planning movement and connect with advocates around the world through an emotive narrative of suffering, love, and global humanity, reinforced by affective bonds and women’s volunteerism. The story of global family planning must thus be seen not only as part of the history of eugenics, population control, and feminism, but also as part of the longer trajectory of maternalist humanitarianism. This mid-twentieth century version of maternalist humanitarianism built on earlier traditions but also incorporated concepts of human rights, critiques of dominant gender and sexual norms, and an official commitment to local self-determination in the context of decolonization movements. Still, the organization was plagued by the problems that shape humanitarianism more broadly, including the difficulty of moving past colonialist discourses, deeply rooted feelings of racial superiority, and the contradictions inherent in attempts to impose an impossible ideal of political neutrality in a politically complex world. Looking at the history of global family planning from this perspective thus helps us understand how the different traditions, intimate relationships, and practical experiences mid-level actors bring to their work shape the broader process of international movement building, beyond high-level political and ideological activism. | Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health - Humanitarianism | International History and Politics Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299497/files/the-intimate-labour-of-internationalism-maternalist-humanitarians-and-the-mid-twentieth-century-family-planning-movement.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
41 | The intimacies of drug dealing: narcotics, kinship and embeddedness in Nicaragua and South Africa | Rodgers, Dennis; Jensen, Steffen | 2022 | In: Third World Quarterly. - Vol. 43(2022), no. 11, pages 2618-2636 | 10.1080/01436597.2021.1985450 | In this article, we explore how and to what extent it is useful to think about drug dealing through the conceptual lens of intimacy. Such an approach both complements and challenges mainstream views on drug dealing, which see the phenomenon as based on ‘formal-rational’ organisation and practices. We explore the intimacies of drug dealing along three axes: the involvement of kin and family, ‘governing intimacy’ and as embedded in culturally intimate models and ideas. Drawing on our collaborative ethnographic research in Nicaragua and South Africa, we illustrate first how family and kin are implicated in drug dealing, both voluntarily and against their will. Secondly, we explore how drug dealing institutes or produces particular forms of order, often entangled with state and policing governance, folding itself into communal and family relations. Finally, we consider the extent to which drug dealing enters into local notions and rationalities, from models of how to be a ‘good’ drug dealer to how one’s daughter should conduct her love life. These analyses allow us to suggest new avenues for research on drug dealing that foreground social embeddedness and gender relations. | open-access, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) license - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | Arts and Culture - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflict | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299403/files/The%20intimacies%20of%20drug%20dealing%20narcotics%20kinship%20and%20embeddedness%20in%20Nicaragua%20and%20South%20Africa.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
42 | Adjusting the analytical aperture: propositions for an integrated approach to the social study of reproductive technologies | Boydell, Victoria; Dow, Katharine | 2022 | In: BioSocieties. - 2022, no 17, pages 732-757 | 10.1057/s41292-021-00240-w | The ever-expanding availability of reproductive technologies, the continued roll-out of ‘family planning’ and maternity services across low- and middle-income settings and the rapid development of the fertility industry mean that it is more likely than ever that individuals, especially women and gender non-conforming people, will engage with more than one RT at some point in their life. These multiple engagements with RTs will affect users’ expectations and uptake, as well as the technologies’ availability, commercial success, ethical status and social meanings. We argue that an integrated approach to the study of RTs and their users not only makes for better research, but also more politically conscious research, which questions some of the ideological precepts that have led to reproduction being parcelled out into biomedical specialisations and a disproportionate focus on particular forms of reproduction in particular disciplines within public health and social science research. We offer this article as part of a wider movement in the study of reproduction and reproductive technologies, which takes inspiration from the reproductive justice framework to address forms of exclusion, discrimination and stratification that are perpetuated in the development and application of reproductive technologies and the ways in which they are studied and theorised. | Open access article, CC-BY (Creative Commons Attribution) license | Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299367/files/s41292-021-00240-w.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
43 | Making and unmaking culture: gender experts, faith, and the international governance of gender | Altan-Olcay, Özlem | 2022 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Vol. 24(2022), no 2, pages 286-309 | 10.1080/14616742.2021.1908836 | This article explores the workings of gender expertise inside the institutions of the international governance system as it engages with faith-based actors. Utilizing narratives of gender experts, documentary analysis, and observation, I focus on these experts' encounters regarding gender equality and women's rights with religious leaders, religious actors, and conservative governments. Focusing on episodes in which the terms “cultural difference” and “religion” are used synonymously, first, I show how encounters between transnational actors can play a role in hegemonic interpretations of these terms. Second, I explore how powerful actors can become more authoritative in making claims of cultural difference or how the existing distribution of power may be disrupted. I contend that these power relations affect discussions of gender equality. My goal is to contribute to feminist debates by highlighting the ways in which these transnational interactions disrupt assumptions of West versus East. Paying attention to these complex processes can challenge ethnocentric and racist discourses without taking claims of cultural difference at face value. | Published online: 27 Apr 2021 | Arts and Culture - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Governance - Religion | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299206/files/Making%20and%20unmaking%20culture%20gender%20experts%20faith%20and%20the%20international%20governance%20of%20gender.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
44 | Disentangling mining and migratory routes in West Africa: decisions de move in migranticised settings | Bolay, Matthieu | 2022 | In: Social Inclusion. - Volume 9(2022), Issue 1, pages 1-12 | 10.17645/si.v9i1.3715 | This article scrutinizes the trajectories of African men whose cross-border movements intersect two types of mobility routes: mining and migration routes. Drawing on field research in Mali and Guinea, as well as phone interviews with male miners/migrants in North Africa and Europe, this article provides a case to empirically question some of the premises in the approach to migration decision-making by giving a voice to African men moving across borders who do not necessarily identify as (prospective) ‘migrants.’ Building upon International Organization for Migration data and secondary sources, this article starts by sketching where migration and mining routes overlap. It then examines, in detail, the mobility trajectories of men who were sometimes considered migrants and other times miners in order to identify how these different routes relate to one another. While overseas migration is certainly not a common project for itinerant miners, the gold mines constitute a transnational space that fosters the expansion of movements across the continent, including outside the field of mining. Rather than encouraging overseas migration, gold mines appear to be more of a safety net, not only for seasonal farmers or young people in search of money and adventure, but also, increasingly, for people who are confronted with Europe’s intra-African deportation regime. | Peace, War and Conflict - Security - Development and Cooperation - Mobilities and Migration - Trade and Work | Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298868/files/Disentangling_Mining_and_Migratory_routes_Social%20Inclusion_9_1.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
45 | Economic and cultural determinants of elite attitudes toward redistribution | López, Matias; Silva, Graziella Moraes Dias da; Teeger, Chana; Marques, Pedro | 2022 | In: Socio-Economic Review. - Vol. 20(2022), No. 2, p. 489–514 | 10.1093/ser/mwaa015 | Previous studies have posited that elites are willing to advance the redistribution of income and social goods when the negative effects of inequality, such as crime and conflict, threaten their own interests. Although elites acknowledge these negative effects, their support for redistributive policies remains low throughout the Global South. We address this paradox using a multi-method research design. Drawing on 56 in-depth interviews with Brazilian political and economic elites, we document how, when discussing the negative effects of inequality, interviewees consistently characterized the poor as ignorant, irrational and politically incompetent. We use these findings to theorize about the negative impact of such perceptions of the poor on elite support for redistribution. We then test this relationship using survey data gathered from random samples of political and economic elites in Brazil, South Africa and Uruguay (N¼544). We find the relationship to be robust. | Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298306/files/mwaa015.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
46 | Marginalizing the matriarchal, minority subject: a critical analysis of human rights and women's reform projects in colonial and postcolonial India through the case-study of the 'Mahari-Devadasi' | Patnaik, Shriya | 2021 | In: Electronic Journal Of Social And Strategic Studies. - Volume 2(2021), Special Issue 1, pages 59-88 | 10.47362/EJSSS.2021.2105 | This paper focuses on the rights of gendered minorities in India, using the case-study of the matriarchal community of Mahari-Devadasis (temple-dancers in the Jagannath Temple of Orissa[i], the creators of the classical dance-form Odissi, whose kinship structures, quotidian cultures and religious practices entailed being wed to Hindu deities over mortals). Under the colonial disciplining of deviant sexualities together with racialized bio-politics across the British Empire, they were conceptualized, categorized, and criminalized as “religious prostitutes” under Contagious Disease and Prostitution regulations, from the nineteenth century onwards. However, the abolition of this matrilineal tradition, instead of improving women’s life circumstances, propelled a turn towards clandestine networks of sex-work owing to their growing socio-economic stigmatization in the modern Indian nation-state. In problematizing human rights discourses surrounding this now-extinct community in postcolonial India, my research delineates how legal statutes on Devadasi Abolition silenced minority voices by distorting the complex relationship between bodily agency, informal economies of sexual commerce, and women’s socio-economic autonomy. The demise of this localized tradition, however, was accompanied with shifts in collective memory and societal perceptions, particularly with respect to their contribution to performative culture within the regional register of Orissa, which this study encapsulates. The paper therein examines social and cultural borders through the lens of globalized cultural flows and grassroots humanitarian movements, especially in the context of such marginalized gendered minorities in South Asia. It methodologically engages with diverse sources, including colonial period archival records, ethnographic fieldwork, parliamentary debates, national women’s rights paradigms on prostitution and trafficking, oral histories dealing with the experiential domain of such disenfranchised actors, grassroots level social activist movement advocating for the inclusion of minority subjects into civil society, along with visual culture depicting the Mahari-Devadasi dance-form on global theatrical spaces. It conclusively underscores the role of social activist movements from civil society towards incorporating indigenous struggles within the ambit of global humanitarian paradigms. Through the above factors, the paper elucidates how such grassroots level feminist movements epitomize important catalysts of social change, which challenge mainstream nationalist narratives on human rights. This research thereby posits the need to recuperate such subaltern voices from the marginalia in writing transnational historiographies on gender, sexuality, and human rights. | Open access - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301367/files/9313_pdf.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
47 | Time for action: towards an intersectional gender approach to COVID-19 vaccine development and deployment that leaves no one behind | Heidari, Shirin; Durrheim, David N.; Faden, Ruth; Kochhar, Sonali; MacDonald, Noni; Olayinka, Folake; Goodman, Tracey | 2021 | In: BMJ Global Health. - 2021, 6:e006854, pages 1-9 | 10.1136/ bmjgh-2021-006854 | Open access - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Gender Centre - Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/300566/files/GC_GHC_e006854.full.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
48 | Coethnicity beyond clientelism: insights from an experimental study of political behavior in Lebanon | Cammett, Melani; Kruszewska-Eduardo, Dominika; Parreira, Christiana; Atallah, Sami | 2021 | In: Politics and Religion. - Volume 15(2022), no. 2, pages 417-438 | 10.1017/S1755048321000201 | A large literature finds that coethnicity primarily shapes voter behavior through material exchanges, particularly clientelism. Yet identity groups provide distinct psychological and social benefits that also compel people to vote based on coethnicity. Does coethnicity matter for vote choice, net of instrumental considerations? We address this question using a conjoint experiment in Lebanon, which asked a nationally representative sample of citizens to choose between potential candidates in national elections. We find that coethnicity is the single strongest predictor of electoral support, more important than party affiliation, provision of clientelism, or programmatic platform. Coethnicity does not significantly alter perceptions of candidates who provide clientelism, including high-value goods like patronage employment. Furthermore, citizens who feel closer to their ethnic group are more likely to vote on the basis of coethnicity, as are those with lower levels of trust in state institutions. Collectively, these findings suggest that coethnic voting in diverse polities is not driven solely by clientelism, but also by less immediately material concerns about security and belonging. | Democracy and Sovereignty - Religion | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299886/files/coethnicity-beyond-clientelism-insights-from-an-experimental-study-of-political-behavior-in-lebanon.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
49 | Inadequate reporting of COVID-19 clinical studies: a renewed rationale for the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines | Palmer-Ross, Alice; Ovseiko, Pavel V.; Heidari, Shirin | 2021 | In: BMJ Global Health. - 2021, 6:e004997, pages 1-4 | 10. 1136/ bmjgh- 2021- 004997 | Women are under-represented as research participants in most interventional and observational studies on COVID-19. Main outcome data from interventional and observational studies are rarely reported disaggregated by sex. Sex and gender differences are inadequately examined in the analysis of the data. Lack of sex and gender analysis are seldom justified, and gender implications rarely discussed. There is a renewed rationale for strengthening the reporting of sex and gender dimensions in clinical research using the Sex and Gender Equity in Research guidelines. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299872/files/GHC_OA_e004997.full.pdf | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299872/files/Supplementary%20material%202.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
50 | The legitimacy of international courts: the challenge of diversity | Torbisco Casals, Neus | 2021 | In: Journal of Social Philosophy. - Volume 52(2021), no 4, pages 491-515 | 10.1111/josp.12452 | Open access, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license | Democracy and Sovereignty - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Governance - Human Rights - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299799/files/Legitimacy_of_International_Courts.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
51 | Decolonising Durkheimian conceptions of the international: colonialism and internationalism in the Durkheimian school during and after the colonial era | Mallard, Grégoire; Terrier, Jean | 2021 | In: Durkheimian Studies. - Volume 25(2021), Issue 1, pages 3–30 | 10.3167/ds.2021.250101 | Over the past 20 years, numerous scholars have called upon social scientists to consider the colonial contexts within which sociology, anthropology and ethnology were institutionalised in Europe and beyond. We explain how historical sociologists and historians of international law, sociology and anthropology can develop a global intellectual history of what we call the 'sciences of the international' by paying attention to the political ideas of the Durkheimian school of sociology. We situate the political ideas of the central figures explored in this special issue—Émile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, Bronisław Malinowski and Alfred Métraux—in their broader context, analysing their convergence and differences. We also reinterpret the calls made by historians of ideas to 'provincialise Europe' or move to a 'global history', by studying how epistemologies and political imaginaries continued by sociologists and ethnologists after the colonial era related to imperialist ways of thinking. | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Global Governance | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299781/files/Decolonising_Durkheimian_Conceptions_of_the_International.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
52 | The economic impact of schistosomiasis | Rinaldo, Daniele; Perez‑Saez, Javier; Vounatsou, Penelope; Utzinger, Jürg; Arcand, Jean-Louis L | 2021 | In: Infectious Diseases of Poverty. - Volume 10(2021), Article 134, pages 1-12 | 10.1186/s40249-021-00919-z | Background: The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeoffs between water resources development and public health concerns have yet to be quantified. Schistosomiasis exerts large health, social and financial burdens on infected individuals and households. While irrigation schemes are one of the most important policy responses designed to reduce poverty, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, they facilitate the propagation of schistosomiasis and other diseases. Methods: We estimate the economic impact of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso via its effect on agricultural production. We create an original dataset that combines detailed household and agricultural surveys with high-resolution geo-statistical disease maps. We develop new methods that use the densities of the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis as instrumental variables together with panel, spatial and machine learning techniques. Results: We estimate that the elimination of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso would increase average crop yields by around 7%, rising to 32% for high infection clusters. Keeping schistosomiasis unchecked, in turn, would correspond to a loss of gross domestic product of approximately 0.8%. We identify the disease burden as a shock to the agricultural productivity of farmers. The poorest households engaged in subsistence agriculture bear a far heavier disease burden than their wealthier counterparts, experiencing an average yield loss due to schistosomiasis of between 32 and 45%. We show that the returns to water resources development are substantially reduced once its health effects are taken into account: villages in proximity of large-scale dams suffer an average yield loss of around 20%, and this burden decreases as distance between dams and villages increases. Conclusions: This study provides a rigorous estimation of how schistosomiasis affects agricultural production and how it is both a driver and a consequence of poverty. It further quantifies the tradeoff between the economics of water infrastructures and their impact on public health. Although we focus on Burkina Faso, our approach can be applied to any country in which schistosomiasis is endemic. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | Development and Cooperation - Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International Economics Department - Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299609/files/OA_s40249-021-00919-z.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
53 | Averting future vaccine injustice | Moon, Suerie; Ruiz, Adrián Alonso; Vieira, Marcela | 2021 | In: The New England Journal of Medicine. - 385(2021), pages 193-196 | 10.1056/NEJMp2107528 | Global Health | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Interdisciplinary Programmes - Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299602/files/nejmp2107528.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
54 | "Now the forest is over": transforming the commons and remaking gender in Cambodia's uplands | Beban, Alice; Bourke Martignoni, Joanna | 2021 | In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - Volume 5(2021), Article 700990, pages 1-15 | 10.3389/fsufs.2021.700990 | Communal lands and natural resources in rural Cambodia have transformed over the past 30 years as the country attempts to transition from conflict to liberal democracy and integrates into global agricultural value chains.We find that gender relations are changing as a result of land privatization and the ensuing social and ecological crises of production and reproduction. The forest has become a space for the articulation of newmasculinities modulated through class and racialised power, while women are increasingly relegated to the private space of the home and village, negotiating expectations that they perform care, farming and food provisioning work while juggling household debt. We ground our argument in a large sample of qualitative interviews conducted between 2016 and 2020 in the upland provinces of Kampong Thom, Kratie and Ratanakiri that provide narrative accounts of the transformation of common forest and grazing lands, logging livelihoods and food provisioning practices. Using a feminist political ecology perspective, we highlight the contradictory processes of enclosure of the commons, which operate simultaneously as sites of violence, resistance, adaptation and continuity. | Open access - Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299569/files/GC_OA_fsufs-05-700990.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
55 | Navigating the field: exploring gendered dimensions of fieldwork | Nair Ambujam, Meenakshi | 2021 | In: Tsantsa. - 26(2021), pages 186-194 | 10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.7014 | This essay seeks to explore the complexities inherent in fieldwork as a method. Drawing attention to its gendered dimension, I focus on the vulnerabilities researchers face – most notably sexualized harassment – that do not always feature in the discussion of fieldwork as a method. I argue that the ethnographic standards we ascribe to, often reify particular notions of good fieldwork – which obliterate the risks and unpleasant experiences researchers encounter. This is not to suggest that all fieldworkers experience vulnerabilities or are placed in positions of distress. As Kloß (2016) puts it, fieldwork is an exceptionally valuable methodology that allows us to learn and unlearn. That being said, there is an imminent need to unpack fieldwork and look at it from a non-male perspective. I situate the essay in this space, where I do not necessarily explore the contents of my research in particular, but shed light on the layered nature of fieldwork. | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299555/files/NA_OA_Tsantsa.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
56 | A systematic review of the sex and gender reporting in COVID-19 clinical trials | Heidari, Shirin; Palmer-Ross, Alice; Goodman, Tracey | 2021 | In: Vaccines. - Volume 9(2021), no 11, 1322, pages 1-16 | 10.3390/vaccines9111322 | Sex and gender have implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and adverse effects from the vaccine. As vaccination is one of the key responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital that sex and gender differences be acknowledged, measured, and analysed in clinical research. Here, we systematically review published COVID-19 vaccine trials, both interventional and observational, to assess the quality of reporting of sex and gender. Of the 75 clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines included in this review, only 24% presented their main outcome data disaggregated by sex, and only 13% included any discussion of the implications of their study for women and men. Considering the sex differences in adverse events after vaccination, and the gendered aspects of vaccine hesitancy, these oversights in clinical research on vaccines have implications for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and for wider public health. | Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299525/files/vaccines-09-01322.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
57 | Fabricating the integrity of gold in refineries: digital visibility and divisibility | Bolay, Matthieu | 2021 | In: Tsantsa : Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Ethnologischen Gesellschaft = revue de la Société Suisse d'Ethnologie = rivista della Società Svizzera d'Etnologia. - Zürich. - Volume 26(2021), pages 85–104 | 10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.7124 | Gold refineries are under pressure to revise their understanding of "integrity" beyond the physical cohesion of gold products, in order to integrate supply chain due diligence on human rights, labour conditions, and conflict financing as part of what can be coined the ethical integrity of gold. This article interrogates how processes of erasure, through material purification in the refining process, and disclosure, through certification against "responsible" standards, are reconciled within one expanded notion of integrity. By paying specific attention to processes of digitizing gold in this endeavour (blockchain and ICO), it argues that, while limited in its role as a transparency device, digitization fosters new uses of gold, making it more liquid, more rapidly tradable, and potentially more speculative. These digital fetishes open new fields of value, not out of the gold itself but out of its traces, in which, paradoxically, artisanal ground producers selling physical gold remain poorly included so far. | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence - Environment and the Anthropocene - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299520/files/AHCD_OA_tsantsa3.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
58 | Decolonisation: the many facets of an ongoing struggle | Mallard, Grégoire; Eggel, Dominic; Galvin, Marc | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Introduction | In the context of a lingering Eurocentrism, not least within academia, scholars and development professionals are increasingly calling for the decolonisation of their respective fields. However, as nationalist ideologues from Europe to Asia have shown, the challenges to effective decolonial action go well beyond intellectual intransigence: the prospects for a neo-imperialist subversion of the decolonial discourse itself remain alarmingly real. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Global Governance - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-the-many-facets-of-an-ongoing-struggle/ | |||||||||||||||||
59 | Decolonisation and humanitarianism | Rodogno, Davide | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 8 | Historically, humanitarian practice – such as aid for the poor and sick – has tended to be local, with its origins at a specific time and place. When it has moved beyond the local, it has generally been neither systematic, apolitical nor universal. Bearing this in mind, humanitarianism in an age of decolonisation cannot be studied in isolation from what preceded it. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Humanitarianism - Peace, War and Conflict | International History and Politics Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-and-humanitarianism/ | |||||||||||||||||
60 | Three decolonial questionings of the digital | Leander, Anna | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 11 | The digital offers an enlarged space for decolonial activism, allowing activists around the world to build support for decolonising strategies online. The digital, however, is more than just a tool for decolonial politics; the digital infrastructure itself bears the scars of the colonial past and represents a space with significant scope for a decolonisation of its own. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Arts and Culture - Civil Society - Democracy and Sovereignty - Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence - Security | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/three-decolonial-questionings-of-the-digital/ | |||||||||||||||||
61 | Decolonising education | Faul, Moira V.; Welply, Oakleigh | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 10 | To address the persistent inequalities that remain as legacies of the colonial experience, education today requires decolonisation across five separate areas: teaching, research, institutions, estates and reparations. Only by decolonising each of these spheres will education be able to live up to its potential as a transformative space for individuals and societies. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonising-education/ | ||||||||||||||||||
62 | Decolonisation and global health | Aloudat, Tammam; Kirpalani, Dena Arjan; Davis, Meg | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 9 | The map of winners and losers in the COVID-19 vaccination race appears almost indistinguishable from the map of European colonialism a century earlier. Global health policy today remains rooted in colonial practices and epistemologies, and resource allocations continue to be determined by institutions located in the Global North. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Global Health Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-and-global-health/ | |||||||||||||||||
63 | Gender and decolonisation | Bourbonnais, Nicole | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 7 | Although an increased attention to women’s rights and gender decolonisation has led to practical gains for women in many newly independent states, life after formal political decolonisation continues to be shaped for many women by the perpetuation of imperialist structures in multiple forms. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International History and Politics Department - Gender Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/gender-and-decolonisation/ | |||||||||||||||||
64 | Decolonisation and international law | Zarbiyev, Fuad | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 6 | After a long period of complicity with colonialism and its agents, international law continues to sustain an unequal distribution of power and resources. Developing countries in particular find themselves subject not only to almost all of the world’s military interventions but also to an investment arbitration regime that is premised on the protection of Western interests. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Global Governance - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International Law Department - Global Governance Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-and-international-law/ | |||||||||||||||||
65 | Decolonising the global | Biltoft, Carolyn N. | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 5 | Calls to think and act globally have tended to sidestep the extent to which images of the “globe” have also been central to imperialist fantasies. When studying today’s global environmentalism, it is essential to take into account the geopolitical and historical context, as well as the inequitable international distribution of power and resources that prevails in the contemporary world. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Environment and the Anthropocene - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International History and Politics Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonising-the-global/ | |||||||||||||||||
66 | Decolonising international politics | Mohamedou, Mohammad-Mahmoud | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 4 | From diplomatic history to sociology and anthropology, numerous disciplines in the social sciences and humanities have from the outset concerned themselves primarily with the issues facing Western, imperialist states. Even today, those seeking to criticise this focus on imperialist core topics tend to be relegated to the margins of their respective disciplines, if not ignored entirely. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Global Governance - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International History and Politics Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonising-international-politics/ | |||||||||||||||||
67 | Decolonisation and regionalism | Russell, Aidan | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 3 | Our colonial heritage lies not just in the demarcation of national borders; colonial ideas of race and civilisation also underpin the conception of continents and regions. In this context, regionalism today offers the potential to go beyond the regional concepts inherited from imperialism, redefining the experience of space in ways that may depart entirely from the premise of territory. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Cities, Space and Geographies - Democracy and Sovereignty - Education | International History and Politics Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-and-regionalism/ | |||||||||||||||||
68 | Decolonisation: too simple a term for a complicated history | Bayart, Jean-François | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 2 | Not only does the generic term "decolonisation" barely acknowledge the diverse experiences of colonial rule, the wide variety of anticolonial movements or the continuities with the past that define today’s global South, the old division into precolonial, colonial and postcolonial eras doesn’t stand up to scrutiny either. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/decolonisation-too-simple-a-term-for-a-complicated-history/ | |||||||||||||||||
69 | Varieties of decolonisation | Balachandran, G | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 10(2021), Article 1 | Movements by marginalised groups seeking greater equality and rights have historically played an important role in expanding the horizons of the social sciences. In the future, determining who it is that speaks for (and as) the decolonising subject will be pivotal to democratic struggles for intellectual decolonisation. | Dossier "Decolonisation: a past that keeps questioning us", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Education - Human Rights - Justice, Equity and Inclusion - Peace, War and Conflict | International History and Politics Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/10/varieties-of-decolonisation/ | |||||||||||||||||
70 | The gender and geography of agricultural commercialisation: what implications for the food security of Ghana's smallholder farmers ? | Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo; Tsikata, Dzodzi; Ankrah, Daniel Adu | 2021 | In: The Journal of Peasant Studies. - Vol. 48(2021), no 7, pages 1507-1536 | 10.1080/03066150.2021.1945584 | Using a comparative mixed methods approach involving two districts each in Southern and Northern Ghana, this article addresses the question: under what conditions, and at what scale does smallholder agricultural commercialisation promote or hinder food security? Specifically, it presents an analysis of how gender and spatial inequalities in resource control determine differential capacities to commercialise and the implications of agricultural commercialisation for food security in an export commodity dominated Southern Ghana versus a food crop dominated Northern Ghana. We found gender gaps in commercialisation capacity that did not seem to disappear even in the presence of land abundance because the gaps are structural. We also found that, in some contexts, high rates of commercialisation do not mean accumulation. Among females in parts of Northern Ghana, apparent high commercialisation rates are driven by necessity, and thus constitutes ‘distress push commercialisation’, which has negative food security implications. While we found no evidence of an overall positive association between commercialisation and food security, we show that in the export crop dominated high commercialisation zone of Southern Ghana, commercialisation enhances food security only up to a threshold above which further resource allocation towards non-food cash crops hurts food security because of inefficient food markets. | Development and Cooperation - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299485/files/The%20gender%20and%20geography%20of%20agricultural%20commercialisation%20what%20implications%20for%20the%20food%20security%20of%20Ghana%20s%20smallholder%20farmers.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
71 | Contraception and reproduction in global conversation | Bourbonnais, Nicole | 2021 | In: Journal of Women’s History. - Volume 33(2021), Issue 4, pages 222-230 | 10.1353/jowh.2021.0037 | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International History and Politics Department - Gender Centre | |||||||||||||||||||
72 | Agricultural and land commercialization: feminist and rights perspectives | Prügl, Elisabeth; Reysoo, Fenneke; Tsikata, Dzodzi | 2021 | In: The Journal of Peasant Studies. - Volume 48(2021), no 7, pages 1419-1438 | 10.1080/03066150.2021.1974843 | The article introduces the Forum on Commercializing Agriculture/Reorganizing Gender, which reports findings from DEMETER project, a collaboration of scholars from Cambodia, Ghana and Switzerland. The project examines how agriculture and food security policies have advanced or hindered gender equality and the right to food; analyzes the role of human rights-based accountability mechanisms in this; and maps gendered changes in livelihoods in situated contexts. We offer a literature review on governance of the international food system from a gender and rights perspective, and on the gendered political economy of agrarian change. We relate the contributions of the Forum to existing literature and preview their findings. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Human Rights | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299402/files/Agricultural_and_land_commercialization.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
73 | A feminist methodology for implementing the right to food in agrarian communities: reflections from Cambodia and Ghana | Bourke Martignoni, Joanna | 2021 | In: The Journal of Peasant Studies. - Volume 48(2021), no 7, pages 1459-1484 | 10.1080/03066150.2021.1928642 | In Cambodia and Ghana, the promotion of women's equal rights to food and land has occurred in parallel with processes of trade liberalization and agricultural commercialization. This article considers how a feminist methodology that foregrounds the right to food and inter-related human rights could identify the inequalities engendered and sustained in rural communities through neo-liberal agricultural development. An explicitly feminist approach to the implementation of the right to food demands that we focus on dynamic, intersectional and contextualized relations of power to go beyond the top-down, apolitical and technical focus of mainstream laws and policies on gender and agriculture. | Open access article, CC-BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Human Rights - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299364/files/Journal_Of_Peasant_Studies_Martignoni_2021.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
74 | No cash, no food: gendered reorganization of livelihoods and food security in Cambodia | Gironde, Christophe; Reysoo, Fenneke; Torrico Ramirez, Andrés; Seng, Suon | 2021 | In: The Journal of Peasant Studies. - Vol. 47(2021), no. 7, pages 1485-1506 | 10.1080/03066150.2021.1960826 | This article analyses the gendered dimension of rural livelihood reorganization in Cambodia, and its consequences on food security. With the growing need for cash, men predominantly have engaged in wage work. However, out of necessity, women also engage in wage work. Thus, new gender divisions of productive labour contribute to reshaping normative gender roles and spaces, and provide women some autonomy, in a way. At the same time, since women remain responsible for family food procurement they are dependent on men's income. Above all, the majority of women experience stress from lack of time and lack of money for food. | Environment and the Anthropocene - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Sustainability and SDGs | Gender Centre - Centre for International Environmental Studies - Development Studies | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299362/files/No%20cash%20no%20food%20Gendered%20reorganization%20of%20livelihoods%20and%20food%20security%20in%20Cambodia.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
75 | Productive farmers and vulnerable food securers: contradictions of gender expertise in international food security discourse | Prügl, Elisabeth; Joshi, Saba | 2021 | In: The Journal of Peasant Studies. - Volume 48(2021), no 7, pages 1439-1458 | 10.1080/03066150.2021.1964475 | With gender equality becoming a key feature of the global food security agenda, international organizations have produced a rich body of knowledge on gender. This paper argues that such gender expertise generates political effects through identity constructions, problem definitions and rationalities. We critically analyse 59 documents relating to gender and food security in the South written in international organizations between 2000 and 2018. Our analysis reveals two gendered constructions articulated in these documents – the productive female farmer and the caring woman food securer. We demonstrate that problem definitions, solutions, and rationalities associated with these identity constructions are contradictory. Their juxtaposition reveals that gender expertise in international food security discourse is not only governed by neoliberal orthodoxy but also surfaces ambivalences and alternatives. | Open access article, CC-BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives) license | Development and Cooperation - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299361/files/Pruegl_Joshi_2021.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
76 | Identities and public policies: unexpected effects of political reservations for women in India | Cassan, Guilhem; Vandewalle, Lore | 2021 | In: World Development. - Volume 143(2021), 105408, pages 1-14 | 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105408 | Identity is an important determinant of economic behavior. While the existing literature focuses on one identity dimension at a time, we show that the multiplicity of identity dimensions matters for economic behavior and that neglecting it may lead policymakers to overlook important, unexpected effects of economic policies. We exploit the randomized nature of political reservations for women in India to show that a policy designed along one identity dimension (gender) alters the distribution of the benefits of this policy along another one (caste). We propose differences in gender norms across caste groups as a mechanism. | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) license | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Economics Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299241/files/Identities-and-public-policies.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
77 | Peasant studies: subsistence, justice, and precarity | Seshia, Shaila | 2021 | In: The Journal of Asian Studies. - Volume 80(2021), no. 2, pages 391-397 | 10.1017/S0021911821000061 | Arts and Culture - Development and Cooperation - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299221/files/Peasant-Studies-Seshia.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
78 | Beware of generationalism: the structural (in)visibility of BIPOC youths in global climate summits | Bullon-Cassis, Laura | 2021 | In: NEOS 13(2021), Issue 1, pages 1-3 | Civil Society - Environment and the Anthropocene - Global Governance - Human Rights - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299197/files/AHCD_Bullon-Cassis_NEOS-Vol13-Iss1-Sp21.pdf | |||||||||||||||||||
79 | Thomas Faist and the transnationalized social question | Monsutti, Alessandro | 2021 | In: Ethnic and Racial Studies. - Volume 44(2021), Issue 8, pages 1365-1368 | 10.1080/01419870.2021.1902548 | Justice, Equity and Inclusion - Mobilities and Migration | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299189/files/Monsutti_2021_03.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
80 | The pitfalls of modelling the effects of COVID-19 on gender-based violence: lessons learnt and ways forward | Lokot, Michelle; Bhatia, Amiya; Heidari, Shirin; Peterman, Amber | 2021 | In: BMJ Global Health. - 2021, 6:e005739, pages 1-6 | 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005739 | Since early 2020, global stakeholders have highlighted the significant gendered consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). Researchers have sought to inform the pandemic response through a diverse set of methodologies, including early efforts modelling anticipated increases in GBV. For example, in April 2020, a highly cited modelling effort by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and partners projected headline global figures of 31 million additional cases of intimate partner violence due to 6 months of lockdown, and an additional 13 million child marriages by 2030. In this paper, we discuss the rationale for using modelling to make projections about GBV, and use the projections released by UNFPA to draw attention to the assumptions and biases underlying model-based projections. We raise five key critiques: (1) reducing complex issues to simplified, linear cause-effect relationships, (2) reliance on a small number of studies to generate global estimates, (3) assuming that the pandemic results in the complete service disruption for existing interventions, (4) lack of clarity in indicators used and sources of estimates, and (5) failure to account for margins of uncertainty. We argue that there is a need to consider the motivations and consequences of using modelling data as a planning tool for complex issues like GBV, and conclude by suggesting key considerations for policymakers and practitioners in using and commissioning such projections. | Open access - Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299177/files/e005739.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
81 | A rapid review of sexual pleasure in first sexual experience(s) | Boydell, Victoria; Wright, Kelsey Q.; Smith, Robert D. | 2021 | In: The Journal of Sex Research. - Volume 58(2021), Issue 7, pages 850-862 | 10.1080/00224499.2021.1904810 | While researchers have thoroughly studied the who, what, and when of first sexual experiences, we know much less about how people construct, experience, and proceed (or not) with sexual pleasure in these experiences and beyond. To address this knowledge gap, the Global Advisory Board for Sexual Health and Wellbeing (GAB) coordinated a rapid review of published peer-reviewed research to determine what is currently known about sexual pleasure in first sexual experiences. We found 23 papers exploring this subject and its intersections with sexual health and sexual rights. The results reveal significant gaps in erotic education, gender equity, vulnerability and connection, and communication efficacy; and highlight important domains to consider in future research. Our findings draw out the key features of pleasurable first sexual experience(s), namely that individuals with the agency to formulate their definition and context of what pleasure means to them are more likely to experience pleasure at first sex. This finding points to promising ways to improve first sexual experiences through erotic skills building and through addressing knowledge gaps about having sex for the first time among disadvantaged groups. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299171/files/GHC_OA_A%20Rapid%20Review%20of%20Sexual%20Pleasure%20in%20First%20Sexual%20Experiences.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
82 | COVID-19 and the political geography of racialisation: ethnographic cases in San Francisco, Los Angeles and Detroit | Whitacre, Ryan; Oni-Orisan, Adeola; Gaber, Nadia; Martinez, Carlos; Buchbinder, Liza; Herd, Denise; Holmes, Seth M. | 2021 | In: Global Public Health. - Volume 16(2021), Issue 8-9, pages 1396-1410 | 10.1080/17441692.2021.1908395 | The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems around the globe, and intensified the lethality of social and political inequality. In the United States, where public health departments have been severely defunded, Black, Native, Latinx communities and those experiencing poverty in the country’s largest cities are disproportionately infected and disproportionately dying. Based on our collective ethnographic work in three global cities in the U.S. (San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Detroit), we identify how the political geography of racialisation potentiated the COVID-19 crisis, exacerbating the social and economic toll of the pandemic for non-white communities, and undercut the public health response. Our analysis is specific to the current COVID19 crisis in the U.S, however the lessons from these cases are important for understanding and responding to the corrosive political processes that have entrenched inequality in pandemics around the world. | Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) license | Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299167/files/GHC_COVID%2019%20and%20the%20political%20geography%20of%20racialisation.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
83 | Profit, penury, and the impieties of inequality ? A retrospective on Martin Luther's "On Trade and Usury" for our times | Biltoft, Carolyn N. | 2021 | In: Capitalism: a Journal of History and Economics. - Volume 2(2021), No. 1, pages 1-6 | 10.1353/cap.2021.0005 | Economies and Institutions - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International History and Politics Department | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299159/files/project_muse_781337.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
84 | The rise of non-communicable disease (NCDs) in Mozambique: decolonising gender and global health | Somerville, Claire; Munguambe, Khatia | 2021 | In: Gender & Development. - Volume 29(2021), Issue 1, pages 189-206 | 10.1080/13552074.2021.1885220 | Health and gender are two significant areas of the global development system. They share entangled epistemological histories typically drawn from the global North. We examine how these global entanglements of gender in global health act to veil local epistemologies and explanatory systems of understanding of disease, simultaneously advancing and complicating local responses to the changing epidemiological burdens in Mozambique. This paper draws on research from Mozambique conducted as part of a large three-country study of the double burden of disease. We focus in this paper on the connected conditions of hypertension and stroke. The research was conducted in areas that have faced a double burden of disease: the persistence of diseases that attract international intervention, where community-based health centres are sometimes referred to as 'Global Fund' clinics, and a new burden of non-communicable disease (NCDs). The reach and penetration of particular sets of knowledge derived somewhat from the global North have been accompanied by particular renderings of gender that have brought with them social constructivist theorising that eschews non-Western configurations of sex and gender in the context of illness, disease, and well-being. Drawing on critical African gender studies, we begin to re-examine global health and its epistemological assumptions about disease presentation and explanatory models. Such discussion is necessary to engage in calls to de-colonise global health, as well as the mainstreaming of gender in global health. Reflecting on measures to decolonise feminisms and ensuring that African feminisms inform future gendered understanding and programming around NCDs should be central to responses to the new onslaught and double burden of NCDs across Mozambique and sub-Saharan Africa more widely. | Open Access - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health | Gender Centre - Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299029/files/The_rise_of_non_communicable_disease_NCDs.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
85 | Gendering foreign policy in Colombia’s peace process with the FARC | Jaramillo Ruiz, Felipe; Monroy, María Catalina | 2021 | In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. - Vol. 23(2021), no 3, pages 418-439 | 10.1080/14616742.2020.1864222 | This study examines the "two-level games" – that is, the interaction between domestic politics and foreign policy – in the gendering of the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC). It analyzes the domestic pressures that drove the formulation and incorporation of a gender perspective in the negotiations with the FARC, and how this gender dimension was incorporated in the Colombian government's foreign policy strategy. The goal is to understand the entanglement of domestic and international preferences in the gendering of the peace agreement. By doing so, this article contributes to feminist literature on foreign policy and peacebuilding. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Peace, War and Conflict | Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298988/files/Gendering%20foreign%20policy%20in%20Colombia%20s%20peace%20process%20with%20the%20FARC.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
86 | Inequality in hunger and malnutrition | Saab, Anne | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 9 | The nexus between inequality and food is not merely a matter of physical availability of enough food and economic access to healthy food. It is also a broader issue implicating the global food system and particularly the role of the state in regulating what kinds of foods are produced, advertised, and made available at what price | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Development and Cooperation - Environment and the Anthropocene | International Law Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/inequality-in-hunger-and-malnutrition/ | |||||||||||||||||
87 | How the pandemic deepens health inequities: the case of the United States | Whitacre, Ryan | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 8 | The United States is one of several “liberal democracies” where health inequities stem from deep, structural ills on which the COVID-19 crisis sheds a harsh light. If they remain unaddressed, many people will die prematurely. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Global Health - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Global Health Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/how-the-pandemic-deepens-health-inequities-the-case-of-the-united-states/ | |||||||||||||||||
88 | Understanding the implications of inequality for the elites | López, Matias; Silva, Graziella Moraes Dias da | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 7 | Do higher levels of inequality systematically prove beneficial to the global elites? And how does economic inequality articulate to (the lack of) democracy? This article discusses how the relationship between the wealthy and inequality varies across contexts and should best be explored as an empirical question. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Democracy and Sovereignty - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/understanding-the-implications-of-inequality-for-the-elites/ | |||||||||||||||||
89 | "Hustlers versus dynasty": Kenya's new class politics | Pike, Isabel | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 6 | While ethnicity has been the dominant dividing line in Kenyan politics, some argue that a new language of “hustlers versus dynasty” suggests the emergence of a more class-based politics. However, politics of grievance are never about one axis of inequality; the hustler-dynasty frame is no exception and resonates for reasons beyond class. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Gender Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/hustlers-versus-dynasty-kenyas-new-class-politics/ | |||||||||||||||||
90 | Income inequality and economic growth: known unknowns | Panizza, Ugo; Voitchovsky, Sarah | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 5 | There is an emerging consensus that inequality is adversely related to growth. However, the empirical literature on the links between inequality and growth does not align with this simple narrative, especially because the channels through which inequality may affect growth remain poorly understood. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Development and Cooperation - Finance and Investment - Development and Cooperation - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International Economics Department - Centre for Finance and Development | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/income-inequality-and-economic-growth-known-unknowns/ | |||||||||||||||||
91 | Education and the new inequality divides | Faul, Moira V.; Montjouridès, Patrick; Terway, Arushi | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 4 | New data collection practices and processes reinforce patterns of inequality in funding and accessing education (SDG 4). To leave no one behind, funding and data regimes should target equity and inclusiveness, and build decolonised and intersectional education systems. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Education - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/education-and-the-new-inequality-divides/ | ||||||||||||||||||
92 | Inequality and gender | Prügl, Elisabeth | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 3 | There have been significant gains for women over the past 25 years, for instance in access to education or reduction of maternal deaths and unintended pregnancies. However, harmful forms of gender-based violence continue to be rampant while women’s economic and political participation has by far not caught up with men’s. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/inequality-and-gender/ | |||||||||||||||||
93 | The enduring inequities of racism | Mohamedou, Mohammad-Mahmoud | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 2 | Racial prejudice is quintessentially synonymous with inequality – not only in economic terms or through the denial of opportunities of livelihood. Ceaselessly breeding asymmetry throughout generations, racism dwells in the intangibles of existence and experience, intimate spaces of inequality whose violence is as acute as the one playing out at the more visible, less private surface. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International History and Politics Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/the-enduring-inequities-of-racism/ | |||||||||||||||||
94 | Visible and invisible inequalities | Balachandran, G | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Article 1 | Over the last five decades, the objective of reducing poverty has overtaken that of reducing inequalities in the countries of the South. Three decades of neoliberal politics have also made us more indifferent, including to some forms of inequality that may be life-threatening. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Justice, Equity and Inclusion | International History and Politics Department | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/visible-and-invisible-inequalities/ | |||||||||||||||||
95 | The rise of inequality and its contested meanings | Eggel, Dominic; Galvin, Marc | 2021 | In: Global Challenges. - Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. - No. 9(2021), Introduction | While poverty has been diminishing in absolute terms and relative income has been growing on a global scale for over two centuries, inequality – as measured by instruments such as the GINI coefficient – has been increasing since the early 1980s. With the financial crisis of 2007, the expanding digitalisation of the economy and the current pandemic, global inequality has further worsened, as fortunes of the superrich attain unprecedented levels and revenue concentrates in the top percentiles of societies. | Dossier "The moving fault lines of inequality", produced by the Research Office | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Human Rights - Justice, Equity and Inclusion | https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/9/the-rise-of-inequality-and-its-contested-meanings/ | ||||||||||||||||||
96 | Research in forced displacement: guidance for a feminist and decolonial approach | Singh, Neha S.; Lokot, Michelle,; Undie, Chi-Chi; Onyango, Monica Adhiambo; Morgan, Rosemary; Harmer, Anne; Freedman, Jane; Heidari, Shirin | 2021 | In: The Lancet. - Vol. 397(2021), Issue 10274, pages 560-562 | 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00024-6 | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Global Health - Mobilities and Migration | Global Health Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298951/files/PIIS0140673621000246.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
97 | When do states give voting rights to non-citizens ? The role of population, policy, and politics on the timing of enfranchisement reforms in liberal democracies | Kayran, Elif Naz; Erdilmen, Merve | 2021 | In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. - Vol. 47(2021), no 13, p. 2855-2876 | 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1782178 | Today the inclusion of non-citizens in the electorate is an increasingly common phenomenon. Yet, we know relatively little about under what conditions some states extend such voting rights to non-citizens earlier than others. In this paper, we investigate the timing of local enfranchisement policies for non-citizens in 28 democracies from 1980 to 2010 using event-history analysis. Adding to the conditions studied in earlier work, we examine the extent to which demographic composition, immigration policy regimes, and political partisanship relate to the timing of non-citizen suffrage. We find that higher shares of immigrant residents delay whereas EU membership and economic openness advance the timing of voting rights for non-citizens. At all demographic heterogeneity conditions, less permissive immigration regimes have been able to enfranchise non-citizens earlier. The findings suggest that, over time, having more left-wing parties in the government accelerates the timing of enfranchisement, while right-wing parties contribute to delays. The article brings forward new data and an original explanatory framework emphasising relevance of partisanship and immigration policy at different demographic contexts. Our analysis sheds light on the idiosyncratic state practices in the timing of enfranchisement reforms adding to the debates in migration and citizenship studies and the broader comparative politics field. | Global Migration Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298939/files/When%20do%20states%20give%20voting%20rights%20to%20non%20citizens%20The%20role%20of%20population%20policy%20and%20politics%20on%20the%20timing%20of%20enfranchisement%20reforms%20in%20liberal.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||
98 | Men's economic status and marriage timing in rural and semi-urban Malawi | Pike, Isabel | 2021 | In: Social Forces. - 100(2021), 1, pages 1–24113-136 | 10.1093/sf/soaa092 | In recent decades, qualitative research from across sub-Saharan Africa has shown how young men are often unable to marry because they lack wealth and a stable livelihood. With survey data, researchers have begun to study how men’s economic circumstances are related to when they marry in the continent’s capitals and larger urban centers. However, our understanding of these dynamics outside of large cities remains limited. Drawing on longitudinal survey data, this paper examines how men’s economic standing, both at the individual and household level, relates to theirmarriage timing in rural and semi-urban communities in the Salima district of Malawi. The findings show that menwho have higher earnings,work in agriculture, and come from a household that sold cash crops were more likely to marry. In contrast, students as well as men from households owning a large amount of land were substantially less likely to marry. Additionally,men living in the semi-urban communities were around half as likely to marry as their rural counterparts. This negative association is largely explained by the greater proportion of men who are students in towns and trading centers and also the relatively less agricultural nature of these communities. These findings show the value of considering both individual and family characteristics in studies of marriage timing and also suggest that as sub-Saharan Africa urbanizes, the age of marriage for men will likely rise. | Cities, Space and Geographies - Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | Anthropology and Sociology of Development Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298788/files/soaa092.pdf | |||||||||||||||||
99 | Untenable dichotomies: de-gendering political economy | Prügl, Elisabeth | 2021 | In: Review of International Political Economy. - Volume 28(2021), no. 2, pages 295-306 | 10.1080/09692290.2020.1830834 | Political Economy is inundated with foundational dichotomies, which constitute central concepts in its theorizing. Feminist scholarship has problematized the gender subtext of these dichotomies and the resulting blind spots, including the positioning of women’s labour, processes of reproduction, and private households as marginal to the economy. The paper offers a reading of contemporary writings in Feminist Political Economy that is attuned to disrupting binaries. It interrogates first, how the opposition between production and reproduction is today put into question through the development of a care economy and through new theorizations of social reproduction. Second, it questions the spatial opposition between the public and the private, the state and the household, an opposition that has long been a problem for those earning income in private spaces and that is increasingly rendered untenable in feminist literature that historicizes household governance. By destabilizing the gendered binaries of production/reproduction and public/private Feminist Political Economy brings into view blind spots in existing scholarship, including imbrications between logics of accumulation and public purpose, self-interest and care, and private household governance and the state, thereby opening up new thinking space for alternatives. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality - Trade and Work | International Relations - Political Sciences Department - Gender Centre | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298770/files/Untenable-dichotomies.pdf | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298770/files/Untenable-dichotomies-AAM.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
100 | Gender differences in professional career dynamics: new evidences from a global law firm | Ganguli, Ina; Hausmann, Ricardo; Viarengo, Martina | 2021 | In: Economica. - Volume 88(2021), issues 349, pages 105-128 | 10.1111/ecca.12342 | We examine gender gaps in career dynamics in the legal sector using rich panel data from one of the largest global law firms in the world. The law firm studied is representative of multinational law firms and operates in 23 countries. The sample includes countries at different stages of development. We document the cross-country variation in gender gaps and how these gaps have changed over time. We show that while there is gender parity at the entry level in most countries by the end of the period examined, there are persistent raw gender gaps at the top of the organization across all countries. We observe significant heterogeneity among countries in terms of gender gaps in promotions and wages, but the gaps that exist appear to be declining over the period studied. We also observe that women are more likely to report exiting the firm for family and work–life balance reasons, while men report leaving for career advancement. Finally, we show that various measures of national institutions and culture appear to play a role in the differential labour market outcomes of men and women. | Gender, Class, Race and Intersectionality | International Economics Department - Gender Centre - Centre for Finance and Development | https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/298427/files/VIARENGO_Economica_%202021.pdf |