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TitleAuthors and yearType of the study
Type of art/aesthetic experience
Field/domain of applicationStudy-designNumber of participants
Method/Instrument used to detect transformation
ComparisonFacilitating conditionsPhisiological responsesAffective responsesCognitive responsesFinal OutcomeAfter-effects
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Synchronization, Attention and Transformation: Multidimensional Exploration of the Aesthetic Experience of Contemporary Dance Spectators
Joufflineau et al., 2018Research articleDance performanceArt performance
Controlled before and after design
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Two cognitive tasks, self-report measures
A dance performance not based on contemplative practice
Design of the experience following the principles of dance-spectator synchronization
Slower breathing rate, spontaneous motor-tempo, general arousal
Feelings of fascination, boredom
More attention and vigilance, Higher absorption, direction of the attention and meta-cognitive attention
Artwork-spectator synchronization, Interpersonal resonance, Liking the performance correlated with the slowing down of the Breathing Rate
N.A.
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Tears and transformation: feeling like crying as an indicator of insightful or "aesthetic" experience with art.
Pelowski, 2015Research articleVisual artsArt exhibition
Uncontrolled before and after design
79Self-report measuresN.A.Pre-expectationsFeel like crying
Tension, Confusion, Relief, Happiness
Cognitive discrepancy
Insight, Meaning/Undesrstanding, Epiphany
Schema/Self-change
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Aesthetic experience models human learningStarr, 2023
Hypothesis and theory article
Visual arts, Poetry, MusicHuman LearningN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Subjective tastes, Social Interaction, Vivid Perception, Expectations about the percept
N.A.
Aesthetic Pleasure, Awe, Sublime
Enhanced Imagery, Mind-wandering
Successful identification of the percept (adeherent to prior expectations), Peak-shift phenomenon, Insight
Enhanced learning capacity, Creative inspiration, Disinhibition
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What Is Art Good For? The Socio-Epistemic Value of ArtSherman & Morrisey, 2017ReviewVisual arts, Poetry, MusicN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.Chills, tears, arousal
Negative, positive, mixed-emotions
Memory integration, Directed attention, Meta-cognitive awareness
Aesthetic decision, evaluation; Insight and/or epiphany, Attention directed on the self
Self-understanding (e.g., belief/schema revision), Pro-social effects (e.g., developing empathy, perspective-taking, “practice” mentalizing), Well-being/flourishing/health, Perceptual skills (e.g., visual discrimination) Cognitive skills (e.g., creativity)
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Empathy and the aesthetic: Why does art still move us?Stamatoupolou, 2018ReviewVisual artsN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Disposition to empathy, Value Systems and Morality
N.A.
Emotional appraisal, Both positive and negative affect, Commotion
Reflexive Awareness, Focal attention, Focus on self- Flow
Aesthetic evaluation, Re-centering of the self
Empathic Skills
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Transformative art: art as means for long-term neurocognitive change.Preminger, 2015
Hypothesis and theory article
Visual arts, Theater, Music, Video-games
N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Immersive nature of art content
N.A.
Sense of unity, wholeness, awe
Use of imagery, imaginationN.A.
Neuro-cognitive changes: enhanced brain plasticity, enhanced braina ctivity in parahippocampal area, changes in cognitive functions
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Transformative experiences at art museums to support flourishing in medicine.
Tackett et al., 2023Research articleVisual artsEducation
Uncontrolled before and after design
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4-week course with different activities (Visual Thinking Strategies, Back-to-back sketching, Group Poems, Jazz Seminar, Reflective Writing). Reflective writings, Interviews and Self-report measures were used to evaluate the intervention.
N.A.
Creationf of an unfamiliar context
N.A.Wonder, awe
Quiet reflection, perspective-taking
Insight, Ambiguity tolerance
Human flourishing in terms of personal and professional growth, Renowed sense of purpose, Honesty, Re-connection with inner self and others,
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 Reflection, refraction, resilience: the transformative potential of artGaetani et al., 2022ReflectionMusic, visual artsEducation
Thematic groups, workshops
N.A.
Supportive environment, openneness to art and reflection
N.A.N.A.
Reflection, Insight, Self-awareness
N.A.
New behaviours, new knowledge, understanding attitudes, endeavours, deeper appreciation of life, resilience
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Cutting Deep: The Transformative Power of Art in the Anatomy LabGrogan & Ferguson, 2018Research articleVisual artsEducation Action researchN.A.
Interviews, Reflective Writing
N.A.N.A.N.A.Relief, Satisfaction
Self-Reflection, Observation, Attentional Focus
Epiphany, Cathartic Effect
Long-lasting learning, Enhanced Resilience
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Designing and Evaluation of an Artistic Experience for the Development of Empathic Capacity: "Stepping into Others' Shoes".Lopez de Castro et al., 2022Research articleVisual artsEducation Etnographic research71
Reflective Writing, Focus groups
N.A.N.A.N.A.
Satisfaction, Surprise, Concern
Self-Reflection, Dishinibition
New meaning, Breaking Boundaries
Meaning construction, Emphatic Skills, Improved Social skills, Creativity and Self-Esteem
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Art, Emotion, and Existential Well-BeingFunch, 2021ReviewVisual arts, Music, MoviesN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Aesthetic sensitivity/Disposition
N.A.
Intense and overwhelming feelings, Pleasure, Tension, Anxiety and Fascination
Deep reasoning, Heightened Awareness, Stream of Thoughts
Aesthetic catharsis, Sense of wholeness, Being-moved
Existential well-being, Emotional Stability, Life satisfaction
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Teaching and Learning Science for Transformative, Aesthetic ExperienceGirod et al., 2017Research articleVisual artsEducation Quasi-experimentalN.A.
Self-report measures, Interviews
A traditional teaching method based on cognitive, rational framework
N.A.N.A.Satisfaction
Cognitive dissonance, Higher interest
Aesthetic appreciation
Self-change, Broadened Perspective, Shift of Attitude, Long-lasting Learning
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Experience design and the dimensions of transformative festival experiencesNeunhofer et al., 2020Research articleVisual arts, Music, DanceArt performance
Constructivist research design
31Semi-structured interviewsN.A.
Temporal and spatial liminality
N.A.
Positive emotions (awe, happiness, fullfillment)
Engagement, Flow
Epiphany, Quantum change, epistemic expansion
Cultural Identity, Sense of Community, Spiritual Growth, Meaning-making
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Transnational Refugees: The Transformative Role of Art?O'Neill, 2008ReviewVisual arts, PoetrySocialN.A.N.A.
Interviews, Reflective Writing
N.A.
Commitment, Potential and Dialogic Space
N.A.N.A.
Awareness, Focus on the present moment, Reflection
Insight, Mutual Recognition
New knowledge, New understanding, Personal identity
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Transformative Learning in the Art Museum: A Methods ReviewChisolm et al., 2020ReviewVisual artsEducation N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
New and creative environment, Social Interaction
N.A.Surprise, Fullfillment
Introspection, Critical Reflection, Cognitive challenge
Insight
Critical Thinking ability, Mindset Growht, Transformational Learning
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Transformative Learning and the Arts: A Literature ReviewBlackburn Miller, 2020Review
Visual arts, Poetry, Storytelling, Movies
Education N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.In person facilitatorsN.A.
Appreciation, Positive emotions
Imagination, disorienting dilemma, Reflection
Extra-rational knowledge, Insight
Long-lasting learning, Self/Others Awareness, Creativity skills, Empathy skills, Connection, Purposeful Chance
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ART FOR CHANGE: Transformative learning and youth empowerment in a changing climate
Bentz & O'Brien, 2019Research articleVisual arts, StorytellingSocial/Education
Uncontrolled before and after design
24Survey, Group discussionN.A.Creation of dialogic spaceN.A.
Hope, Responsibility, Care, Solidarity, Serendipity, Uncertainty
Focus of attention on the self, Cognitive Dissonance, Complex dilemma
Creative Insight
Critical Thinking ability, Awareness, Sense of Empowerment, New Understanding, Values/Knowledge Riorientation
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The Restorative and Transformative Power of the Arts in Conflict ResolutionBang et al., 2016ReviewVisual arts, Music, DanceSocialN.A.N.A.N.A.
Design of the experience following the principles of artist-audience synchronization
N.A.
Empathetic concern, Anxiety Reduction
Critical Reflection, Engagement, Meta-cognitive alertness
Innovation, Reflection
Long-lasting learning, Adoption of new perspective, Cooperative Relationship, Social Bounding
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5x5x5=Creativity: Art as a Transformative PracticeParis & Hay, 2019Research articleVisual arts, PoetryEducation Action researchN.A.
Open interviews, Reflective Journals
N.A.Social interactionN.A.N.A.
Imagination, Focus on the self
N.A.
Creativity Skills, Intellectual development, Emotional Development, Social development
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Art projects as transformative services to integrate refugeesGross et al., 2021Research articleVisual arts, MusicSocialMixed-method approach770
Survey, Semi-structured interviews
N.A.
Oppenness, Social interaction
N.A.
Empathetic concern, Uncertainty, Social and Positive Emotions
N.A.Creative Insight
New understanding/Meaning, Acceptance of Diversity, Social Bounding
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What is literature for? The role of transformative readingFialho, 2019ReviewLiteratureN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Pleasure, Amusement, Engagement, Empathetic concern, Sympathy, Compassion
Flow, Reconceptualization, Perspective-taking
Insight into the Self/Into the Others
New sense of self, Modification of Personal Meaning
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Effects of Literature on Empathy and Self-Reflection: A Theoretical-Empirical Framework
Koopman & Hakemulder, 2015
ReviewLiteratureN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Focus on the present moment, Reflection
Insight, New Meaning, Epistemic Expansion
Empathy, Self-Reflection
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Patterns of receptive and creative cultural activities and their association with perceived health, anxiety, depression and satisfaction with life among adults: the HUNT study, Norway
Cuypers et al., 2012Research report
Visual arts, Poetry, Music, Dance, Theater
SocialPopulation-based study50,797SurveyN.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.
Growth, new meaning, perceived health and well-being
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