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Ontology Idlabelparenthas inputhas outputequivalencydefinitioncommentcross referencesee alsosynonymexact synonymnarrow synonymdefinition sourceauthorcuration statuscreated
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IDAL rdfs:label@enSC % SPLIT=|SC 'has input' some % SPLIT=|
SC 'has output' some % SPLIT=|
EC %AL IAO:0000115@enAL rdfs:comment@enA oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=|A rdfs:seeAlso SPLIT=|AL oboInOwl:hasSynonym@enAL oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym@enAL oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym@enA IAO:0000119A IAO:0000117 SPLIT=|A IAO:0000114A dc:date
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BFO:0000015process
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FOODON:00003374
harvested food material
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FOODON:00003402
pre-harvest food material
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FOODON:00001868
food filling product
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FOODON:00002403
food material
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FOODON:03411345
yeast
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FOODON:00002451
food transformation processprocessfood materialA process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food productDamion Dooleyrequires discussion
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FOODON:00000071
food cutting processphysical/chemical modification processA process of cutting food into smaller pieces, chunks or slices.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00001304
food fermentationfood preservation process | microbial/enzymatic modification processfood (fermented)A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002404
meat roastingfood bakingRoasting is a baking process when the food being baked is meatsDamion Dooley
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FOODON:00002409
food physical forming processphysical/chemical modification processModification through physical treatment to affect the shape quality of a food product.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002414
food solvent extraction processphysical/chemical modification processExtraction of substance(s) from a food source using a solvent such as alcohol, hexane, or ethanol.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002415
food milling processfood physical forming processfood (milled)The process of milling grain into flour, usually performed by a grist mill, corn mill or flour mill.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002416
food canning processphysical/chemical modification processfood (canned)Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002419
food evaporation processphysical/chemical modification processA food evaporation process is the process of removing water from a food.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002462
pan fryingcooking in small amount of fat or oilfood (fried)A form of frying characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying); typically using just enough oil to lubricate the pan. A pan fry takes place at lower heat than does a sauté.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002648
food scaldingfood cookingA method of precooking food where a liquid is heated to just below the boiling point. Often used to retard the spoiling of milk.scaldingDamion Dooley
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FOODON:00002707
food cleaning processphysical/chemical modification processfood (cleaned)The process of cleaning food to separate other environmental materials or body substances.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002721
food dehulling processcomponent separation processfood (hulled)Dehulling is the process of removing the hulls (or chaff) from beans and other seeds.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002722
corn husking processcomponent separation processcorn on-the-cob (whole, raw)Husking of corn is the process of removing its outer layers, leaving only the cob or seed rack of the cornhuskingDamion Dooley
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FOODON:00002732
food seasoning processfood component addition processfood (seasoned)A process of applying a seasoning mixture to a given food.seasoningDamion Dooley
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FOODON:00002740
food packaging processfood transformation processfood (packaged)A process that applies packaging material to a food product for preservation, shipping and/or presentation purposes.Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00002814
ikajimefood treatment processIkejime is a method of slaughtering fish to maintain the quality of its meat. The technique originated in Japan, but is now in widespread use. It involves the insertion of a spike quickly and directly into the hindbrain, usually located slightly behind and above the eye, thereby causing immediate brain death.When spiked correctly, the fish fins flare and the fish relaxes, immediately ceasing all motion. Destroying the brain and the spinal cord of the fish will prevent reflex action from happening; such muscle movements would otherwise consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscle, and as a result produce lactic acid and ammonia, making the fish sour, soggy and less tasteful. Furthermore, the blood contained in the fish flesh retracts to the gut cavity, which produces a better coloured and flavoured fillet, and prolongs shelf life. [Wikipedia]Ikijime|活き締め|活け締め
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikejime
Damion Dooley
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FOODON:00003203
food harvestingfood transformation processpre-harvest food materialharvested food materialA process which takes in some food material from an individual or community of plant or animal organisms in a given context and time, and outputs a precursor or consumable food product. This may include a part of an organism or the whole, and may involve killing the organism.This includes harvesting from plants, hunting a deer, or milking process of a cow. The food is derived from part or whole of a single organism species (with perhaps a few exceptions, such as lichen).
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FOODON:00003215
winterization of oilcomponent separation processWinterization of oil is a process that uses a solvent and cold temperatures to separate lipids and other desired oil compounds from waxes. Winterization is a type of fractionation, the general process of separating the triglycerides found in fats and oils, using the difference in their melting points, solubility, and volatility.fractionate crystallization
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FOODON:00003307
shell removal processcomponent separation processA process which separates a culinary nut's shell from its meat, leaving the meat part more or less intact.shelling|shelling process
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FOODON:03000001
food peeling processphysical/chemical modification processfood (peeled)"peeling" is the process of removing the outer covering, layer or skin from a fruit, vegetable, or plant or animal (such as a shrimp).Damion Dooley
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FOODON:03450002
food cookingfood transformation processfood (cooked)http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0002
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FOODON:03450004
cooking by dry heatfood cookingCooked at moderate to high levels of heat in which no liquid is added and only small amounts of fat may be added to prevent sticking.LanguaLhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0004dry cooked
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FOODON:03450005
food bakingcooking by dry heatfood (baked)Cooked without moisture, covered or uncovered, in an oven.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0005roastingDamion Dooley
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FOODON:03450006
broiling or grillingcooking by dry heatCooked without moisture under or over intense direct heat.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0006barbecuing|broiling|grilling
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FOODON:03450007
charcoal broilingbroiling or grillingCooked without moisture over direct heat from a charcoal fire.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0007
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FOODON:03450008
griddle cookingcooking by dry heatCooking on a flat surface at medium heat with only a sufficient amount of fat used to prevent sticking.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0008
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FOODON:03450009
cooked by poppingcooking by dry heatCooking by agitating the food over a dry, high heat source, resulting in exploding.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0009
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FOODON:03450010
food toastingcooking by dry heatfood (toasted)Cooking with direct heat until the surface of the food is browned, usually associated with bread or sandwiches.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0010
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FOODON:03450011
cooking by microwavefood cookingCooking in a microwave oven.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0011
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FOODON:03450012
cooking by moist heatfood cookingCooking in varying amounts of water, water-based liquid or steam.LanguaL curation note: If the food absorbs a significant amount of water, also used *REHYDRATED* or *WATER ADDED*.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0012
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FOODON:03450013
cooking in water or water-based liquidcooking by moist heatA process of cooking by moist heat which is effected by hot water or water-based liquid in a container.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0013
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FOODON:03450014
boiling in containercooking in water or water-based liquidfood (boiled)A cooking in water or water-based liquid process in which the liquid is boiling.Water at standard atmospheric pressure (in other words, at sea level) will boil at a temperature of 100 degrees C (212 degrees F).http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0014
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FOODON:03450015
boiling and then drainingboiling in containerCooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F.; water that is not absorbed into the food product is discarded after cooking.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0015
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FOODON:03450016
boiling in large amount of liquidboiling and then drainingCooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F. Liquid to solid ratio is greater than 2:1.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0016
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FOODON:03450017
boiling in small amount of liquidboiling and then draininghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0017
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FOODON:03450018
boiling without drainingboiling in containerCooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F. The water incorporates itself into the product being cooked or is not discarded when cooking is through.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0018
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FOODON:03450019
cooking by braisingcooking in water or water-based liquidBrowned initially in fat and then tightly covered and cooked over low heat in a small amount of water.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0019
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FOODON:03450020
cooking by simmeringcooking in water or water-based liquidCooking in a moderate amount of liquid at just below the boiling point.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0020poaching|stewing
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FOODON:03450021
cooking in steamcooking by moist heatfood (steamed)http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0021
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FOODON:03450022
steaming with pressurecooking in steamCooked in a pressure cooker.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0022pressure-cooked
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FOODON:03450023
steaming without pressurecooking in steamCooked suspended above boiling water.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0023
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FOODON:03450024
cooking with fat or oilfood cookinghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0024frying
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FOODON:03450025
cooking with added fat or oilcooking with fat or oilCooked by adding fat or oil to those foods that do not contain fat or oil that would render during the cooking process.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0025oil roasted
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FOODON:03450026
cooking in small amount of fat or oilcooking with added fat or oilCooked with sufficient fat or oil to coat and moisten the food being prepared, but not cooked in enough fat or oil to immerse the food.
Use *griddle cooking* when only enough fat or oil is used to prevent sticking.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0026http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450008
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FOODON:03450027
sautéingcooking in small amount of fat or oilCooking in a very small amount of very hot fat, turning and browning the food on all sides.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0027sauteing
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FOODON:03450028
stir-fryingcooking in small amount of fat or oilCooked by frying foods quickly over high heat, stirring constantly. Only enough cooking oil is used to coat the bottom of the pan.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0028
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FOODON:03450029
deep-frying processcooking with added fat or oilfood (deep-fried)Cooked in hot fat or oil deep enough to immerse the food entirely.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0029deep-frying
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FOODON:03450030
cooking with inherent fat or oilcooking with fat or oilCooked in fat or oil rendered from the food being prepared.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0030
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FOODON:03450031
cooking in container immersed in water or steamcooking using heating containerLanguaL curation note: Used when the food is cooked in a closed container such as a pouch immersed in hot water or steam.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0031
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FOODON:03450032
cooking using heating containerfood cookingThe method by which heat is transferred to the outside of the cooking container. The most frequently used method of placing the container on an open flame, a hot metal surface or into an oven are not indexed here.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0032
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FOODON:03450033
cooking in double boilercooking using heating containerCooked in a container that is placed in another container filled with boiling water.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0033
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450034
cooked over boiling water|double boiler cooked
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FOODON:03450034
cooking in water bathcooking using heating containerCooking in a container that is placed in another container filled with water kept near the boiling point.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0034
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450033
bain-marie cooked
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FOODON:03450035
shallow frying processcooking with added fat or oilA chinese cooking technique similar to sauteing in which thick slices or chunks of floured or battered ingredients are slow seared over moderate to low heat.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0035shallow frying
Kuo, The key to chinese cooking, Knopf, 1977, p.87
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FOODON:03450036
steepingcooking in water or water-based liquidExtracting flavor and other components from food sources by immersion in water, usually at near-boiling temperature.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0036
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FOODON:03450037
food reheatingfood cookingA process to bring an already fully cooked product to serving temperature. LanguaL curation note: Do not use for a process that completes the cooking of a partially cooked food.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0037
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FOODON:03450038
food reheating by microwavefood reheatinghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0038
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FOODON:03450039
food reheating by dry heatfood reheatinghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0039
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FOODON:03450040
food reheating by boil-in-bagfood reheatinghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0040
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FOODON:03450041
food reheating in pan or cooking utensilfood reheatinghttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0041
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FOODON:03450043
double steamingboiling in containerA Chinese cooking technique to prepare delicate food such as bird nests, shark fins, etc. The food is covered with water and put in a covered ceramic jar and the jar is then steamed for several hours.This technique ensures there is no loss of liquid or moisture (its essences) from the food being cooked, hence it is often used with expensive ingredients like Chinese herbal medicines. [Wikipedia]http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0043double boilinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_steaming
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FOODON:03450044
rotisserie roastingbroiling or grillingRotisserie is a style of roasting where meat is skewered on a spit and revolves over a flame or other heat source. The rotation cooks the meat evenly in its own juices and allows easy access for continuous basting if desired. [Wikipedia]http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0044
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FOODON:03450045
searingbroiling or grillingSearing (or pan searing) is a technique used in grilling, roasting, braising, sautéing, etc. that cooks the surface of the food (usually meat, poultry or fish) at high temperature so that a brownish crust forms by Maillard reaction and denaturation of proteins.A similar technique, browning, is typically used to sear or brown all sides of a particular piece of meat, fish, poultry, etc. before finishing it in the oven. To obtain the desired brown crust, the meat surface must exceed 300 °F (150 °C), so searing requires the meat surface be free of water, which boils at around 212 °F (100 °C).http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0045
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FOODON:03450046
blind bakingfood bakingLanguaL curation note: Use when a pie crust or other pastry is baked without the filling.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0046
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FOODON:03450047
pressure frying processcooking with added fat or oilLanguaL curation note: Use when e.g. meat and cooking oil are brought to high temperatures while pressure is held high enough that the water within is prevented from boiling off.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0047pressure frying
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FOODON:03460101
lactic acid fermentationcarbohydrate fermentationhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0101cultured|pickled by fermentation
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FOODON:03460102
proteolytic fermentationsingle component food fermentationhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0102
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FOODON:03460103
component substitution processfood treatment processLanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term for a food product that was prepared from a natural food product by removing an endogeneous component and adding a component of the same class. Index the specific component added under *INGREDIENT ADDED*, regardless of its level.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0103
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FOODON:03460106
food noncertified color addition processfood color addition processLanguaL curation note: Used when a color is added that is exempt from certification and considered safe for use.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0106
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FOODON:03460107
lactic acid-other agent fermentationmulti-component food fermentationhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0107
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FOODON:03460109
artificial carbonation processcarbonation processLanguaL curation note: Used when carbon dioxide has been added to a food product at any level. Damion Dooley's note: converted to a processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0109
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FOODON:03460111
food treatment processfood transformation processUsed to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation.LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0111
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FOODON:03460112
water removal to reconstitution ratio 3 plus 1 or higherwater removal processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0112concentrated, 40 degrees brix or higher
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FOODON:03460113
water removal to reconstitution ratio 2 plus 1water removal processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0113concentrated, 20-40 degrees brix
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FOODON:03460114
water removal to reconstitution ratio 1 plus 1water removal processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0114condensed
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FOODON:03460119
microbial/enzymatic modification processfood modification processA food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component.LanguaL curation note: If salt, sugar or other food additive is used to aid in the modification process, index it by the appropriate term under *INGREDIENT ADDED*.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0119fermented, unspecified
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FOODON:03460121
food irradiation processphysical/chemical modification processA physical/chemical modification process in which a food product or component is irradiated for any purpose.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0121picowaved
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FOODON:03460123
alcohol-acetic acid fermentationcarbohydrate fermentationhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0123
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FOODON:03460127
lipolytic fermentationsingle component food fermentationhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0127
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FOODON:03460128
multi-component food fermentationfood fermentationA food fermentation process in which significant amounts of two or more components (i.e. carbohydrate and protein, carbohydrate and fat, protein and fat, or all three) are modified through microbial processes. Enzymatic or other biological processes may also be involved.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0128ripened (cured)
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FOODON:03460130
physical/chemical modification processfood modification processA food modification process where physical or chemical changes are effected in any food ingredient through a physical or non-enzymatic chemical process.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0130
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FOODON:03460133
food certified color addition processfood color addition processA food color addition process in which color that must be certified by batch as safe to use is added at any level.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0133
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FOODON:03460134
protein removal processcomponent separation processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0134
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FOODON:03460135
alkaloid or purine removal processcomponent separation processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0135dealkaloidized|purine removed
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FOODON:03460137
demineralizing processcomponent separation processLanguaL curation note: Used when one or more naturally present minerals have been fully or partially removed.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0137calcium removed|minerals removed
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FOODON:03460138
water removal processcomponent separation processLanguaL curation note: Used for a liquid or solid product from which a significant amount of water (25% or more of the original weight of the water) has been removed. If dehydration is the primary preservation method, also index *DEHYDRATED OR DRIED*. For soups that require the addition of water, use the appropriate narrower term regardless of whether water was removed or not. Do not use for products that have been rehydrated.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0138
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FOODON:03460140
decaffeination processalkaloid or purine removal processhttp://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0140
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FOODON:03460141
food modification processfood treatment processLanguaL curation note: Used when the food product underwent mechanical, chemical or enzymatic modification that has affected the texture, flavor or other characteristic of the product.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0141
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FOODON:03460148
water addition processfood component addition process|water addition or removal processLanguaL curation note: Used for a liquid or solid product to which water was added beyond its natural water level. If a single-strength standard for the product exists, use the appropriate narrower term under *WATER ADDED*.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0148diluted
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FOODON:03460150
food color addition processfood component addition processLanguaL curation note: Used when a color substance is added to a food at any level.http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0150