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NUTRITIONAL CATEGORIES OF MICROORGANISMS
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Carbon - atmosphere (auto) or organic (hetero)
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Photoorganotrophs - E. coli
Chemoorganotrophs - Rhodospirillum
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Energy - Sunlight (Photosynthesis)
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or Chemicals - Organic/inorganic (Chemosynthesis)
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Electron donor - organic (organo) or Inorganic (litho)
Energy Vs Carbon
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Energy Vs Electron donor
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Electron acceptor - Aerobic (O2) e.g. Micrococcus, Anaerobic (oxidized inorg. compds. e.g. NO3, SO4)
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e.g. E.coli - NO3 and Salmonella - SO4
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a) Classification based on energy sources
and Fermentative (organic compounds e.g. pyruvate, succinic acid)
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Microorganisms
e.g. Streptococcus lactis
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Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
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b) Classification based on carbon sources
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Microorganisms
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Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
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c) Based on the source of energy and carbon
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Microorganisms
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Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
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Phototrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs/
Chemoheterotrophs/
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(algae)
(Acidithiobacillus spp.)
Photoorganotrophs
Chemoorganotrophs
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d) Based on the source of electron donor
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Microorganisms
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Lithotrophs
Organotrophs
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e) Based on the source of energy and electron donor (NUTRITIONAL CLASSIFICATION)
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Microorganisms
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Lithotrophs
Organotrophs
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Photolithotrophs
Chemolithotrophs
 Photoorganotrophs
Chemoorganotrophs
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(Purple S bacteria)
(e.g Nitrosomonas)
(Purple Non-S bac.)
(Most bacteria and fungi)
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Aerobic & Anaerobic
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*Mixotrophic - Energy from inorganic chemicals (Chemolitho) and carbon from organic (heterotroph) e.g. Beggiatoa
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Thiothrix
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f) Based on the requirements of growth factors
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Microorganisms
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Non fastidious
fastidious
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e.g Bacillus sp.
e.g. Streptococcus agalactiae and Haemophilus influenzae
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g) Based on the mode of ingestion or uptake of nutrients
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Microorganisms
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Osmotrophic
Endocytic/holozoic
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e.g Fungi and bacteria
e.g. most eukaryotes, Phagocytosis in Amoeba
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h) Based on growth strategies in natural environments
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Microorganisms
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Copiotrophs
Oligotrophs
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r-strategists/zymogenous
k-strategists/autochthonous
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e.g. Bacillus & Pseudomonas
e.g. Pelagibacter & Acidobacteria
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i) Based on nutrient synthesizing potential -
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Prototrophs
Auxotrophs
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j) Based on Environmental factors -
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The biochemical reactions that together enable bacteria to live, grow and multiply.
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Metabolism describes the total chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Physiology describes the role of metabolic reactions in the life processes of a bacterium.
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Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking the complicated cellular organization found in higher organisms; they have no nuclear envelope and no specialized organelles. Yet they engage in all the basic life processes—transport of materials into and out of the cell, catabolism and anabolism of complex organic molecules, and the maintenance of structural integrity. To accomplish this, bacteria must obtain nutrients and convert them into a form of energy that is useful to the cell.
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