ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAAB
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Methodology created and implemented by: Alexander Motamed
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IPA: Pulmonic Consonants
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Place →LabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
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Manner ↓BilabialLabiodentalLinguolabialDentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottalX =
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Nasalmɱ̊ɱ.n̟̊n.ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋ.ɴ
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0
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Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
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1,1
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Sibilant affricate..t̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒʈʂɖʐt̠ʲɕd̠ʲʑ
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2,0 / 2,4*
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(-0,5)**
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Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪v..t̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔..ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁ.ʡʢʔh.
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2,0 / 2,4*
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(-0,5)**
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Sibilant fricative..szʃʒʂʐɕʑ
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3,1 / 3,5*
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Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̝̊ɻ̝çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
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3,1 / 3,5*
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Approximant.β̞ʋ̥ʋ...ð̞ɹ̥ɹɹ̠̊ɹ̠.ɻjɰ̊ɰχ̞ʁ̞.ʕ̞.ʔ̞
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4,3
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Tap/flap.ⱱ̟.....ɾ̥ɾ..ɽ̊ɽ.ʀ̆.ʢ̆
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5,4
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Trillʙ̥ʙ.....r.ɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
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6,3
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Lateral affricate.....d̠ɮ̠.ɖɭ˔...ɡʟ̝..
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2,2-1
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Lateral fricative....ɬɮ..ɭ̊˔ɭ˔ʎ̝̊ʎ̝ʟ̝̊ʟ̝..
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3,3-1
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Lateral approximant..l̪̥l..ɭ.ʎ.ʟ.ʟ̠
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4,3-1
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Lateral tap/flap....ɺ̥ɺ..ɭ̥̆ɭ̆.ʎ̆ʟ̥̆ʟ̆..
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5,4-1
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Y =1111+0,91010+0,999+0,988+0,977+0,966+0,955+0,944+0,9*^33+0,922+0,911+0,900+0,9
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(2,5)
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i (4,3+0,5)
(4,3+1,4)
a (4,3+1,4)
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Co-articulated Pulmonic Consonants
*2,4 / 3,5 if going from or above Plo-->Aff;
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Manner↓ Place→Labial-alveolarLabial-palatalLabial-velarAlveolar-velarPostalveolar-velarUvular-epiglottal
2,4 / 3,5 if going from Ns.Aff<->S.Aff;
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2,0 / 3,1 from S.Fri<->S.Aff;
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Nasalnmŋm
2,0 / 3,1 from Ns.Fri<->Ns.Aff;
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2,4 / 3,5 from S.Fri<->Ns.Aff;
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Plosivetpdbkpgb
2,4 / 3,5 from Ns.Fri<->S.Aff;
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2,0 / 3,1 from or below App-->Ns.Aff;
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Fricativeɥ̊ʍɧ
2,4 / 3,5 from or below App-->S.Aff;
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Approximantɥw
**minus 0,5 from distance if between affricates
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Lateral approximantɫ
*^if going from App-->Vow (j-->i), distance is 0,5
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however, from Vow to App (i-->j) only 0,1
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j-0,1
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Vowels
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FrontCentralBack115ae 0.95oe 1.35
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Closeiyɨʉɯ̈ɯu095aj 0.75oj 1.15
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.ɪʏɨ̞ʊ̈ɯ̽ʊ.0,185e 0.75e 0.95
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Close-mideøɪ̞ʏ̞ɘɵɤ̈ʊ̞ɤo0,2
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Midø̞ø̽ə.ə̠.ɤ̞0,3
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Open-midɛœɛ̠.ɜɞʌ̈ɔ̈ʌɔ0,4
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æ.æ̠.ɐ.ɐ̠ɒ̽ʌ̞.0,5
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Openaɶ.ɒ̈ɑ̟ɒ̟ɑ ɒ0,6
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Y for close (2) =
1Y+0,50,75Y+0,50,5Y+0,50,25Y+0,50Y+0,5
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Y for mid (3) = 0,9Y+0,50,7Y+0,50,5Y+0,50,3Y+0,50,1Y+0,5
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Y for open (2) =
0,8Y+0,50,65Y+0,50,5Y+0,50,35Y+0,50,2Y+0,5
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Indeyivropu Vowel Formants
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Unroundedi = 260 F1 * 2010 F2e = 490 F1 * 1870 F2ɛ = 620 F1 * 2070 F2a = 880 F1 * 1880 F2
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Roundedu = 370 F1 * 520 F2ɔ = 620 F1 * 800 F2
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