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 Copyright in the compilation, curation, release structure, and original accompanying documentation: © 2026 Chaire Logistics City.
This dataset was produced within the Logistics City Chair at Université Gustave Eiffel.		This database contains data from our meta-analysis of academic papers on logistics sprawl and warehousing location patterns. 75 cases from urban areas around the world were identified (from 17 papers) and are listed in this table. The methodology used in each paper is detailed in the “datasource” sheet. This meta-analysis aims to provide an overview (though not comprehensive) of the current state of quantitative research on logistics sprawl and identify hypotheses linking urban forms and warehousing spatial patterns.
Mention of any additional case is welcome.		H1 : There are more warehouses and more warehouses per million inhabitants in large and medium metropolitan regions than in smaller ones.
H2: There are more warehouses in global hub metropolitan regions (or ‘gateways’) than in regular ones.
H3: There are more warehouses in metropolitan regions that belong to megaregions than in “regular” ones.
H4 : The increase in the number of warehouses over time is larger in medium and large metropolitan areas than in smaller ones.		H5 : The increase in the number of logistics facilities over time is positively related to the importance of the role of global logistics hub (or Gateways) played by an urban area.
H6 : Logistics sprawl is positively related to the differential in land/rent values for logistics land uses between suburban and central areas in an urban region.
H7 : Logistics sprawl is negatively related to the degree of regional logistics land-use control.		Logistics sprawl characterizationAdditional information
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Selected papers datasNumber of warehouses : H1, H2, H3Logistics sprawl calculation ; H6, H7H1, H4H1H1H1H1H2, H5H3H4, H5H6 (data source : https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03369462)H7
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Name of studied metro areaSource paper referenceName of warehouse data sourceFirst year of study (T=0)Last year of study (T=N)Number of years analyzedT=0 Number of warehousesT=N Number of warehousesT=0 Average distance of warehouses to centre of gravity (km) T=N Average distance of warehouses to centre of gravity (km) Change in average distance of WHs to centre of gravity (over the years) (km)Logistic sprawl (km/year)Size of studied metro area (km2)Type of cityT=0 Population (millions)T=0 Number of warehouses per million peopleT=N Population (millions)T=N Number of warehouses per million peopleGatewayIs part of a MegaregionChange in number of WH over the yearsUrban Rent Prices per year (EUR/m2)Suburban Rent Prices per year (EUR/m2)% of increase in rent price of suburban compared to urban rentIncrease in rent price of suburban compared to urban rentType of land use control Logistics sprawlLogistics Sprawl analysisNumber of municipalities (or counties)Time period studied for logistics sprawl analysis% change in number of WH over the yearsChange of warehouses per million people over the yearsT=0 Number of warehouses per 1000 km2 T=N Number of warehouses per 1000 km2 T=0 Population density (inhabitants/km2)T=N Population density (inhabitants/km2)Change in population over the years (millions) Type of metropolitan areaName of Megaregion
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1Albany, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310544827.928.30.50.0515,652Medium1.1481.240NotNot-6 NA NANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km102003 - 2013-11%-83.53.171.676.70.1Polycentric or rather polycentricNot
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2Atlanta Metropolitan Area, MSA, USA
Dablanc, L., & Ross, C. (2012). Atlanta: a mega logistics center in the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion (PAM). Journal of transport geography, 24, 432-442.
NAICS 493199820081013240128.633.04.30.4321,694Large3.9345.179YesYes269 48.05 € 40.49 € 19%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km291998 - 2008204%456.118.5178.9232.91.2Polycentric or rather polycentricCharlanta
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2bisAtlanta Metropolitan Area, CSA, USA
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131030141231.735.63.90.3930,679Large4.8636.267YesYes111 NA NANANAMetropolitanYesLogistics sprawl < 5km432003 - 201337%49.813.4156.5200.51.4Polycentric or rather polycentricCharlanta
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3Austin, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310385016.218.22.00.2010,934Medium1.4281.828YesYes12 130.39 € 69.46 € 88%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km52003 - 201332%03.54.6126.0164.60.4Polycentric or rather polycentricDal-Austin
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4Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area and Belt, Brazil
Oliveira, L. K. D., Santos, O. R. D., Oliveira, R. L. M. D., & Nóbrega, R. A. D. A. (2018). Is the location of warehouses changing in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area (Brazil)? A logistics sprawl analysis in a Latin American context. Urban Science, 2(2), 43.
Municipal Register of Contributors (MRC) + Database of the Commercial Board (p.4)
19952015209540117.819.01.20.0614,979Large4.2235.869YesNot306 54.47 € 46.20 € 18%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km501995 - 2015322%466.326.8279.7387.21.6Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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5Berlin and surronding municipalities of Brandenburg, GermanyKlauenberg, J., Elsner, L. A., & Knischewski, C. (2020). Dynamics of the spatial distribution of hubs in groupage networks–The case of Berlin. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102280.Own (focused study)1994201420182211.715.74.00.203,778MediumNANA4.35YesYes4 63.50 € 58.80 € 8%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km511994 - 201422%NA4.85.8NA1,149.0NAPolycentric or rather polycentricNot
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6Birmingham, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310475120.624.53.90.3921,027Medium1.3361.436NotYes4 73.92 € 26.35 € 181%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km102003 - 20139%02.22.461.866.60.1Polycentric or rather polycentricChar-Lanta
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7Bogotá, Colombia
Dablanc, L., Liu, Z., Koning, M., Klauenberg, J., de Oliveira, L. K., Blanquart, C., ... & Seidel, S. (2017). Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version) (Doctoral dissertation, IFSTTAR-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux).
Land use data from Capital District of Bogotá2005201163514934.75.30.60.101,636Large6.7527.269YesNot142 223.56 € 198.72 € 13%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km12005 - 201140%17214.5301.34,102.04,372.00.4Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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8Bordeaux (metro area), FranceRakotonarivo, H. (2014). Le''desserrement logistique'': quelle responsabilité dans l'augmentation des émissions de CO2 des activités de messagerie? (Doctoral dissertation, Paris Est).Own collection from yellow pages197020124211221.36.95.60.131,670SmallNANA0.925NotNot11 45.04 € 43.00 € 5%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km921970 - 2012100%NA6.613.2NA521.0NAMonocentric or rather monocentricNot
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8 bisBordeaux (metro area), FranceColliard, C., Dizier, M., Hillairet, T. (2024). Étude de la dispersion géographique des entrepôts sur une aire urbaine française [Master’s research project supervised by Laetitia Dablanc].SIRENE, GeoSIRENE, BDTOPO2008201353299NANANA0.032,907MediumNANANANANotNot67 NA NANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl > 10km1522008 - 2013209%NA11.034.1NANANAMonocentric or rather monocentricNot
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9Boston, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131029029445.147.72.60.2625,126Large7.6388.037YesYes4 196.27 € 152.58 € 29%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km182003 - 20131%-111.511.7302.5318.40.4Polycentric or rather polycentricBos-Wash
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10Brussels (metro area), Belgium
Dablanc, L., Liu, Z., Koning, M., Klauenberg, J., de Oliveira, L. K., Blanquart, C., ... & Seidel, S. (2017). Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version) (Doctoral dissertation, IFSTTAR-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux).
Belgian cadastral register + Belgian Statistical Office1982201230NANA18.721.22.50.082,300MediumNANA2.5NAYesYesNA 61.05 € 58.00 € 5%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA1982 - 2012NANANANANA1,087.0NAMonocentric or rather monocentricAm-Brus-Twerp
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11Buffalo, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310575716.316.30.00.007,442Medium1.3441.248YesYes0 41.17 € 41.17 € 0%NotLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl32003 - 20130%47.77.7174.7161.2-0.1Polycentric or rather polycentricTor-Buff-Chester
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12Calgary, Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
Enhaced Points of Interest (EPOI) from DMTI Spatial + NAICS 493200220121021595.48.93.50.355,100Medium1.0211.345YesNot38 79.05 € 76.14 € 4%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA2002 - 2012181%244.111.6200.2256.90.3Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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13Cali and Yumbo, Colombia
Dablanc, L., Liu, Z., Koning, M., Klauenberg, J., de Oliveira, L. K., Blanquart, C., ... & Seidel, S. (2017). Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version) (Doctoral dissertation, IFSTTAR-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux).
Chamber of Commerce 2005200839132.02.50.50.17798Medium2.242.26NotNot4NANANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km22005 - 200844%211.316.32,729.12,784.80.0Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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14Charlotte, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131012414522.926.03.10.3115,342Medium1.9652.558YesYes21 122.26 € 38.75 € 216%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km182003 - 201317%-78.19.5123.8163.00.6Polycentric or rather polycentricChar-lanta
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15Chicago (neither MSA nor CSA), United States
Dubie, M., Kuo, K. C., Giron-Valderrama, G., & Goodchild, A. (2020). An evaluation of logistics sprawl in Chicago and Phoenix. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102298.
NAICS 493199820131521746671.079.88.80.5925,850Large9.2249.549YesYes249 60.16 € 49.12 € 22%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km151998 - 2013115%258.418.0356.2367.80.3Monocentric or rather monocentricChi-Pitts
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15bisChicago, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 494200320131046553038.442.44.10.4127,545Large9.5499.954YesYes65NANANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km192003 - 201314%516.919.2344.9359.40.4Monocentric or rather monocentricChi-Pitts
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16Chongqing (metro area), ChinaLi, G., Sun, W., Yuan, Q., & Liu, S. (2020). Planning versus the market: Logistics establishments and logistics parks in Chongqing, China. Journal of Transport Geography, 82, 102599.National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System + Transportation, Warehousing and Postal (TWP) China classification20062016104013,49022.733.911.21.1228,000LargeNANANANAYesNot3,089NANANANANot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl > 10km4582006 - 2016770%NA14.3124.6NANANAPolycentric or rather polycentricNot
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17Cincinnati, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131011212223.523.1-0.4-0.0412,470Medium2.1542.257YesYes10 73.14 € 59.48 € 23%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl162003 - 20139%39.09.8166.6172.70.1Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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18Cleveland, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131014815037.537.50.00.0015,234Medium3.6413.543NotYes2 36.81 € 35.84 € 3%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km172003 - 20131%29.79.8236.3229.7-0.1Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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19Columbus, CSA, United States, Ohio
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131020819521.922.40.50.0521,929Medium2.1992.481YesYes-13 38.94 € 33.42 € 17%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km182003 - 2013-6%-189.58.995.8109.40.3Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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20Dallas, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131033840230.830.0-0.8-0.0842,696Large5.6607.256YesYes64 59.68 € 40.69 € 47%YesRegionalNotNo Logistics sprawl212003 - 201319%-57.99.4131.2168.61.6Polycentric or rather polycentricDal-Austin
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21Dayton, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310544921.628.77.10.718,065Medium1.1491.145NotYes-5 32.55 € 40.11 € -19%NotLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km62003 - 2013-9%-56.76.1136.4136.40.0Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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22Denver, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131011814717.116.4-0.7-0.0733,820Medium2.6453.345YesYes29 75.95 € 57.74 € 32%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl122003 - 201325%-13.54.376.997.60.7Polycentric or rather polycentricDenver-Boulder
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23Detroit, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131019621031.536.55.00.5016,916Large5.5365.340YesYes14 59.58 € 56.09 € 6%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km102003 - 20137%411.612.4325.1313.3-0.2Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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24Flevoland, Netherlands
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
NACE 52.10 + Lisa Database2007201366059NANA3.30.551,419Small0.41500.4149NotYes-1NANANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km62007 - 2013-2%-142.341.6281.9279.70.0Monocentric or rather monocentricAm-Brus-Twerp
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25Gothenburg (Metropolitan Area), Sweden
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., Olsson, J., Sanchez-Diaz, I., & Woxenius, J. (2020). Spatial patterns of logistics facilities in Gothenburg, Sweden. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102191.
NACE 52.10 + Statistics Sweden database (SBC)20002014141322079.113.34.20.303,695Small0.81631.0213YesNot75 82.10 € 78.00 € 5%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km132000 - 201457%5035.756.0219.2263.30.2Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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26Gothenburg (VGC region), Sweden
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., Olsson, J., Sanchez-Diaz, I., & Woxenius, J. (2020). Spatial patterns of logistics facilities in Gothenburg, Sweden. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102191.
NACE 52.10 + Statistics Sweden database (SBC)200020141426139079.382.02.70.1922,750Medium1.51751.6241YesNot129NANANANANot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km482000 - 201449%6711.517.165.771.00.1Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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27Grand Rapids, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310627222.224.52.40.2413,267Medium1.3481.451NotYes10 NA NANANANot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km82003 - 201316%44.75.498.0105.50.1Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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28Greensboro, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310888831.627.9-3.7-0.3712,845Medium1.4631.752NotNot0 NA NANANALocalNotNo Logistics sprawl102003 - 20130%-116.96.9109.0132.30.3Polycentric or rather polycentricNA
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29Greenville, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 49320032013101019732.028.8-3.2-0.3215,533Medium1.2841.469NotYes-4 37.20 € 37.20 € 0%NotLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl102003 - 2013-4%-156.56.277.390.10.2Polycentric or rather polycentricChar-lanta
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30Halifax, Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
Enhaced Points of Interest (EPOI) from DMTI Spatial + NAICS 4932002201210693.64.71.10.115,496Small0.4170.423YesNot3 126.62 € 122.35 € 3%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA2002 - 201250%61.11.665.471.00.0Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
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31Houston, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131022129823.726.22.50.2532,444Large5.1446.546YesYes77 93.10 € 74.50 € 25%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km142003 - 201335%26.89.2156.4200.31.4Polycentric or rather polycentricHou-Orleans
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32Indianapolis, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131012117128.928.90.00.0018,804Medium2.0612.471YesYes50 66.94 € 42.24 € 58%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl202003 - 201341%116.49.1106.4127.60.4Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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33Kansas City, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131015915319.924.44.50.4529,008Medium2.1762.464YesYes-6 63.26 € 40.01 € 58%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km212003 - 2013-4%-125.55.372.482.70.3Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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34Las Vegas, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310518010.720.59.80.98102,006Medium1.6322.335NotNot29 106.95 € 77.89 € 37%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km22003 - 201357%30.50.815.722.50.7Polycentric or rather polycentricNA
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35Los Angeles, CSA, United States
Dablanc, L., Ogilvie, S., & Goodchild, A. (2014). Logistics sprawl: differential warehousing development patterns in Los Angeles, California, and Seattle, Washington. Transportation Research Record, 2410(1), 105-112.
NAICS 493199820091132399341.751.49.70.8987,940Large15.82017.856YesYes670 139.50 € 101.14 € 38%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km51998 - 2009207%353.711.3179.7202.42.0Polycentric or rather polycentricSoCal
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35bisLos Angeles, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 49320032013107751,00140.446.25.80.5887,940Large16.44718.454YesYes226 NA NANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km52003 - 201329%78.811.4186.5209.22.0Polycentric or rather polycentricSoCal
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36Louisville, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310818917.517.2-0.3-0.0314,367Medium1.3611.559YesYes8 56.77 € 38.85 € 46%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl142003 - 201310%-15.66.292.7104.40.2Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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37Lyon (Greater Lyon Area), FranceColliard, C., Dizier, M., Hillairet, T. (2024). Étude de la dispersion géographique des entrepôts sur une aire urbaine française [Master’s research project supervised by Laetitia Dablanc].SIRENE, GeoSIRENE, BDTOPO2008202315NANA9.411.82.40.161,963LargeNANANANANotNotNA NA NANANARegionalYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA2008 - 2023NANANANANANANAMonocentric or rather monocentricNot
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38Miami, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131019323540.646.55.90.5919,313Large5.5356.636YesYes42 80.79 € 75.56 € 7%YesRegionalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km82003 - 201322%110.012.2284.8341.71.1Polycentric or rather polycentricSo-Flo
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39Milwaukee, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 49320032013101019823.731.07.20.729,777Medium1.9532.049NotYes-3 40.69 € 39.14 € 4%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km52003 - 2013-3%-410.310.0194.3204.60.1Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
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40Montreal (metro area), Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
Enhaced Points of Interest (EPOI) from DMTI Spatial + NAICS 493200220121079708.89.10.30.034,259Medium2.6302.825YesYes-9 71.11 € 69.65 € 2%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA2002 - 2012-11%-618.516.4611.8669.00.2Monocentric or rather monocentricTor-Buff-Chester
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41Nashville, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131011612128.330.42.10.2120,119Medium1.5771.869NotNot5 132.91 € 56.58 € 135%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km182003 - 20134%-85.86.074.687.20.3Polycentric or rather polycentricNA
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42New Orleans, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310778319.429.910.41.0414,177Medium1.5511.555YesYes6 NA NANANARegionalYesLogistics sprawl > 10km102003 - 20138%45.45.9105.8105.80.0Polycentric or rather polycentricHou-Orleans
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43New York, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131093891441.845.03.30.3335,878Large21.84322.541YesYes-24 109.76 € 85.73 € 28%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km302003 - 2013-3%-226.125.5607.6627.10.7Polycentric or rather polycentricBos-Wash
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44Noord Holland (Amsterdam), Netherlands
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
NACE 52.10 + Lisa Database200720136318278NANA-2.0-0.332,670Medium2.61222.7103YesYes-40 63.00 € 60.00 € 5%YesRegionalNotNo Logistics sprawl442007 - 2013-13%-19119.1104.1979.11,011.20.1Monocentric or rather monocentricAm-Brus-Twerp
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45Orlando,CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310759119.719.3-0.4-0.0414,544Medium2.2342.931YesYes16 73.72 € 57.83 € 27%YesRegionalNotNo Logistics sprawl82003 - 201321%-35.26.3151.3199.40.7Polycentric or rather polycentricSo-Flo
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46Paris (Ile de France region), France
Rakotonarivo, H. (2014). Le''desserrement logistique'': quelle responsabilité dans l'augmentation des émissions de CO2 des activités de messagerie? (Doctoral dissertation, Paris Est).
Own collection from yellow pages197420103639936.318.111.80.3312,011Large9.8411.78YesYes54 58.38 € 56.00 € 4%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl > 10km12861974 - 2010138%43.27.7815.9974.11.9Monocentric or rather monocentricParis
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46bisParis (Ile de France region), France
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
CLAP Local knowledge of the Productive Systems + NACE 52.1200420128713955NANA5.00.6312,011Large11.46311.980YesYes242 58.38 € 56.00 € 4%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km12862004 - 201234%1859.479.5949.1990.80.5Monocentric or rather monocentricParis
55
47Paris (Greater Paris Area), France
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
CLAP Local knowledge of the Productive Systems + NACE 52.120042012838844117.421.54.10.51814Large6.5606.964YesYes53 58.38 € 56.00 € 4%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km1302004 - 201214%4476.7541.87,985.38,476.70.4Monocentric or rather monocentricParis
56
48Philadelphia, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131028834033.935.92.00.2019,001Large6.7437.148NotYes52 60.26 € 55.70 € 8%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km162003 - 201318%515.217.9352.6373.70.4Polycentric or rather polycentricBos-Wash
57
49Phoenix, MSA, United States
Dubie, M., Kuo, K. C., Giron-Valderrama, G., & Goodchild, A. (2020). An evaluation of logistics sprawl in Chicago and Phoenix. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102298.
NAICS 49319982015174118317.920.62.70.1637,813Medium3.0134.540YesYes142 129.04 € 70.91 € 82%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km21998 - 2015346%271.14.880.6119.51.5Monocentric or rather monocentricPhoenix-Tucson
58
49bisPhoenix, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131012916818.017.3-0.7-0.0737,813Medium3.5374.438YesYes39 NA NANANALocalNotNo Logistics sprawl22003 - 201330%23.44.493.5116.10.9Monocentric or rather monocentricPhoenix-Tucson
59
50Pittsburgh, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310929825.627.62.00.2018,251Medium2.7342.736YesYes6 51.44 € 52.89 € -3%NotLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km132003 - 20137%25.05.4147.9147.90.0Polycentric or rather polycentricChi-Pitts
60
51Portland, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131016016324.425.61.20.1232,921Medium2.5643.054YesYes3 68.59 € 75.56 € -9%NotNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km122003 - 20132%-104.95.075.991.10.5Polycentric or rather polycentricCascadia
61
52Raleigh, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310767731.231.30.10.0114,271Medium1.5512.039NotYes1 70.43 € 56.19 € 25%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km92003 - 20131%-125.35.4105.1140.10.5Polycentric or rather polycentricChar-Lanta
62
53Richmond, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310588718.820.31.40.1411,850Medium1.1531.270NotYes29 60.64 € 48.73 € 24%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km172003 - 201350%174.97.392.8105.00.1Monocentric or rather monocentricBos-Wash
63
54Rochester, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310454825.925.3-0.6-0.0610,575Medium1.2381.241NotYes3 36.33 € 41.17 € -12%NotLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl72003 - 20137%34.34.5113.5111.50.0Polycentric or rather polycentricTor-Buff-Chester
64
55Salt Lake City, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 49320032013108811723.123.40.30.0360,494Medium1.5592.351YesYes29 84.86 € 59.29 € 43%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km112003 - 201333%-81.51.924.838.00.8Polycentric or rather polycentricDenver-Boulder
65
56San Antonio, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310476713.918.34.40.4418,940Medium1.8262.329NotYes20 59.00 € 59.00 € 0%NotLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km82003 - 201343%42.53.596.1120.40.5Polycentric or rather polycentricDal-Austin
66
57San Diego, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310848621.720.7-0.9-0.0910,899Medium2.9293.227YesYes2 14.53 € 9.78 € 49%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl12003 - 20132%-27.77.9268.9295.30.3Polycentric or rather polycentricSo-Cal
67
58San Francisco, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131030534956.157.31.20.1226,246Large7.7408.442YesYes44 NA NANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km132003 - 201314%211.613.3293.4320.00.7Polycentric or rather polycentricNor-Cal
68
59São Paulo, Brazil
Guerin, L., Vieira, J. G. V., de Oliveira, R. L. M., de Oliveira, L. K., de Miranda Vieira, H. E., & Dablanc, L. (2021). The geography of warehouses in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and contributing factors to this spatial distribution. Journal of Transport Geography, 91, 102976.
São Paulo Commercial Registry 19922017252282,06617.517.60.10.007,944Large15.11521.696YesYes1,838 89.99 € 46.44 € 94%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km391992 - 2017806%8128.7260.11,898.52,719.06.5Polycentric or rather polycentricSão Paulo
69
60Seattle (neither MSA nor CSA), USA
Dablanc, L., Ogilvie, S., & Goodchild, A. (2014). Logistics sprawl: differential warehousing development patterns in Los Angeles, California, and Seattle, Washington. Transportation Research Record, 2410(1), 105-112.
NAICS 49319982009118521220.619.3-1.3-0.1219,816Medium3.4253.955YesYes127 136.01 € 86.03 € 58%YesRegionalNotNo Logistics sprawl51998 - 2009149%304.310.7170.0194.30.5Polycentric or rather polycentricCascadia
70
60bisSeattle, CSA, USA
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131016222729.532.02.50.2531,826Medium3.8434.550YesYes65NANANANARegionalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km92003 - 201340%85.17.1119.4141.40.7Polycentric or rather polycentricCascadia
71
61Shenzhen, China
Xiao, Z. [肖作鵬]. (2017). Remaking urban logistics space : e-tailing and supply chain revolution in the case city of Shenzhen, China. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
Shenzhen Census (Urban Planning and Ressource comission)2008201241,4301,66014.916.11.20.311,997Large9.614911.8141YesYes230NANANANANot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km102008 - 201216%-9716.1831.34,798.95,909.32.2Polycentric or rather polycentricHong-Shen
72
62St. Louis, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131014814423.921.0-2.9-0.2923,019Medium2.8532.950YesYes-4 42.43 € 41.46 € 2%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl172003 - 2013-3%-36.46.3121.4124.50.1Polycentric or rather polycentricTor-Buff-Chester
73
63Tampa, MSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310637916.916.7-0.3-0.036,513Medium2.5252.928NotYes16 53.48 € 54.06 € -1%NotLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl42003 - 201325%39.712.1388.7441.10.3Polycentric or rather polycentricSo-Flo
74
64The Randstad Region, Netherlands
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
NACE 52.10 + Lisa Database200720136589583NANA0.00.008,357Large7.6777.974YesYes-6NANANANARegionalNotNo Logistics sprawl1352007 - 2013-1%-470.569.8913.4949.00.3Polycentric or rather polycentricAm-Brus-Twerp
75
65Tokyo (metro area), Japan
Sakai, T., Kawamura, K., & Hyodo, T. (2016). Logistics facility distribution in Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Experiences and policy lessons. Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 263-277.
TMFS WH 19802003237121,97126.530.74.20.1813,452Large28.52535.256YesYes1,259159.00 €93.60 €70%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km261980 - 2003177%3152.9146.52,118.62,613.06.7Polycentric or rather polycentricGreater Tokyo
76
66Toronto (Greater Toronto Area), Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
NAICS 493200220121016522816.717.91.30.135,903Large5.1326.138YesYes63 83.02 € 82.44 € 1%YesRegionalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km252002 - 201238%528.038.6860.91,025.61.0Monocentric or rather monocentricTor-Buff-Chester
77
67Toronto GGH (Greater Golden Horseshoe), Canada
Woudsma, C., Jakubicek, P., & Dablanc, L. (2016). Logistics sprawl in North America: methodological issues and a case study in Toronto. Transportation Research Procedia, 12, 474-488.
NAICS 493200220121021735029.639.19.50.9531,561Large7.6298.541YesYes133NANANANARegionalYesLogistics sprawl 5 - 10km402002 - 201261%136.911.1239.7268.20.9Polycentric or rather polycentricTor-Buff-Chester
78
68Tucson, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310335556.745.8-10.9-1.0926,998Medium0.9351.053YesYes22 67.43 € 60.45 € 12%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawl22003 - 201367%171.22.034.638.70.1Polycentric or rather polycentricPhoenix-Tucson
79
69Tulsa, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310393719.623.64.00.4021,354Medium1.0391.134NotNot-2 46.79 € 45.43 € 3%YesLocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km92003 - 2013-5%-51.81.746.850.60.1Polycentric or rather polycentricNA
80
70Utrecht, Netherlands
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
NACE 52.10 + Lisa Database2007201364361NANA0.50.081,450Medium1.2361.249YesYes18NANANANANot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5km262007 - 201342%1329.742.1820.7855.20.1Monocentric or rather monocentricAm-Brus-Twerp
81
71Vancouver (metro area), Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
Enhaced Points of Interest (EPOI) from DMTI Spatial + NAICS 493200220121013513412.817.04.30.432,879Medium2.2612.652YesYes-1 181.83 € 120.32 € 51%YesNot indicatedYesLogistics sprawl < 5kmNA2002 - 2012-1%-946.946.5772.7899.90.4Monocentric or rather monocentricCascadia
82
72Virginia Beach, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 4932003201310909829.727.6-2.1-0.2110,803Medium1.7531.854NotNot8 NA NANANALocalNotNo Logistics sprawl202003 - 20139%28.39.1157.4166.60.1Polycentric or rather polycentricNA
83
73Washington DC, CSA, United States
Kang, S. (2020). Why do warehouses decentralize more in certain metropolitan areas?. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102330.
NAICS 493200320131028531851.955.03.10.3132,712Large7.9369.434YesYes33 NA NANANALocalYesLogistics sprawl < 5km422003 - 201312%-28.79.7241.5287.41.5Polycentric or rather polycentricBos-Wash
84
74Winnipeg (metro area), Canada
Woudsma, C., & Jakubicek, P. (2020). Logistics land use patterns in metropolitan Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, 88, 102381.
Enhaced Points of Interest (EPOI) from DMTI Spatial + NAICS 493200220121026414.94.90.00.005,306Small0.6420.761YesNot15 76.05 € 72.462676125%YesLocalNotNo Logistics sprawlNA2002 - 201258%204.97.7117.1125.70.0Monocentric or rather monocentricNot
85
75Zuid Holland (Rotterdam), Netherlands
Heitz, A., Dablanc, L., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands. Region, 4(1), 93-107.
NACE 52.10 + Lisa Database200720136168185NANA-1.0-0.172,818Medium3.5483.651YesYes17 68.12 € 65.00 € 5%YesNot indicatedNotNo Logistics sprawl502007 - 201310%359.665.61,242.01,277.50.1Monocentric or rather monocentricAm-Brus-Twerp
86
87
88
Percentage of positive logistics sprawl
US - EUR0.9
89
74.39%R - EUR0.22
90
Sq-m20.092903
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100