Master City of Asheville Recommended Species List Update 2022

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M
1	Canopy Credit for Species, Cultivars and Varieties:							Minimum Planting Sizes:
2	If a species is selected for canopy credit trees, is not on this list, then the following Mature widths will determine the Canopy credit value. Mature widths will be determined by information provided by state & regional plant databases, such as NC Cooperative Extension							Large: 2" caliper, 12'-14' tall			Medium: 2" caliper, 10'-12' tall		Small: 2" caliper, 8'-10' tall
3	Large: 50’ + width	Medium: 25’-50’ width	Small: 10’- 25’ width
4	Invasive Species Policy:
5	Under adopted City policy invsive species are not eligible for credit for landscaping (7-11-3) or tree presenvation (7-19) compliance. The City uses the following publication as the reference list for invasive species: A Field Guide for the Identification of Invasive Species in Southern Forests.
6	Category	Common Name	Botanical Name	Canopy Credit	Mature Height	Mature Spread	Street Tree - Grate	Native	Edible	Pollinator	Riparian	Light Requirements	Notes

7	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Sugar maple	Acer saccharum	Medium	50-70’	30-40’		Yes	No	Yes	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Tolerant of poor soils, vigorous large root systems, not ideal for planting along sidewalks, exceptional yellow/orange fall color
8	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Yellow Buckeye	Aesculus flava	Medium	60-75’	30-40’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Spectacular native trouble free tree
9	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	River Birch	Betula nigra	Medium	40-70'	30-40’	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Partial Shade	Good for areas that flood periodically, grows well on high or low ground
10	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	American Beech	Fagus grandifolia	Large	50-70’	50-80’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Shade	Beautiful native tree for large areas and natural settings, easy to establish, will not tolerate heavy pruning
11	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Ginkgo Maidenhair Tree	Ginkgo biloba	Large	50-80'	varies	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun	Ancient tree with unique fan shaped leaf, beautiful shade tree, use male trees only as female fruit produces offensive odor, good urban tree, prune to single trunk
12	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Thornless Honeylocust	Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis	Medium	30-70'	30-40’	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Very adaptable, good salt tolerance. Imperial' may be a smaller cultivar for street tree use with a size of 30' tall X 30' wide
13	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Kentucky Coffee Tree	Gymnocladus dioica	Large	60-75'	40-50'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Moist, well drained soil but tolerates a range of soil types. Select male plants to avoid seed pods; good dependable city tree; brittle wood; air pollution tolerant
14	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	European Larch	Larix decidua	Large	70-75'	25-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Deciduous conifer with elegant spring growth, tolerant of moist and dry soils and windswept locations
15	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Sweetgum	Liquidambar styraciflua	Large	60-75'	40-50'	No	Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Excellent fall color, good for planting in moist areas along streams, plant only rotundiloba’, a fruitless variety, for streets and parking lots. In use in tree pits or adjacent to public sidewalks requires adequate soil volume and root barrier.
16	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Tulip Poplar Yellow Poplar	Liriodendron tulipifera	Large	70-90'	35-50'		Yes	No	Yes	No	Sun	Large, stately tree, susceptible to drought, best known for flowers in spring and beautiful yellow fall color, good for street trees next to sidewalks
17	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Cucumber Tree	Magnolia acuminata	Medium	60-80'	30-50’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Unripe green fruit shaped like a cucumber turns dark red, with the individual carpels splitting open to release the bright red seeds. Transplant with care: should be planted shallow and moved in early spring with a good soil ball.
18	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Dawn Redwood	Metasequoia glyptostroboides	Large	70-100'	25-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Easy to transplant, lovely ornamental for screening, streets, also excellent for groves along lakes and streams
19	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	London Planetree	Platanus acerifolia	Large	70-100'	65-80'		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Withstands severe city conditions, good for use as street tree, easily transplanted, mottled bark – has pest problems
20	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	American Sycamore	Platanus occidentalis	Large	75-100'	75-100'		Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun or semi-shade	Use for naturalized settings along streams, very large tree, needs lots of space, good downtown street tree
21	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	White Oak	Quercus alba	Large	50-80'	50-80'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Majestic large shade tree, slow growing but long lived, difficult to transplant, sensitive to root disturbance when grading
22	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Swamp White Oak	Quercus bicolor	Large	50-60'	50-60'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Good for planting in low lying areas, easier to transplant than white oak
23	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Scarlet Oak	Quercus coccinea	Large	70-75'	40-50'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Long lasting bright red and scarlet leaves in fall, good for street plantings
24	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Pin Oak	Quercus palustris	Large	60-70'	40-50'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	One of the easiest oaks to grow and transplant, good for street plantings if lower limbs are removed
25	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Willow Oak	Quercus phellos	Large	60-90'	40-60'	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun	Extremely tolerant of heat and stress, excellent street tree, easily transplanted; fast growing and relatively young for the production of acorns (as young as 15 years
26	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Red Oak	Quercus rubra	Large	60-75’	60-75’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Excellent shade tree and effective as a street tree, easy to transplant, rapid grower
27	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Shumard Oak	Quercus shumardii	Large	80-100'	40-60'	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	From the red oak family, a large growing tree with good tolerance for heat. Trees are quite mature before acorn production could be a problem.
28	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	White Willow	Salix alba	Large	60-75'	50-75’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Low branching tree with flexible stems, weeping varieties available, naturalized in the US, best for use in moist areas near water
29	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Japanese Pagoda Tree	Styphnolobium japonicum	Medium	50-70’	30-40’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Good tree for city conditions, creamy flower panicles in summer, very showy but can be messy
30	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Bald Cypress	Taxodium distichum	Medium	50-70’	20-30’	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun	Deciduous conifer with tall airy, columnar habit, can withstand swampy conditions, but tolerant of upland drier sites, good street tree
31	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Basswood American Linden	Tilia americana	Large	60-80’	30-50’		Yes	No	Yes	No	Sun	Fragrant yellow flowers in June, good for naturalizing in buffers
32	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Littleleaf Linden	Tilia cordata	Medium	60-70’	30-45’	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun	This is one of the best city street or parking lot trees, yellowish fragrant flowers appear in June
33	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Silver Linden	Tilia tomentosa	Medium	50-70’	25-45’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Tolerant of heat and drought, good street tree for residential areas, yellowish white fragrant flowers, in summer but later than other lindens
34	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	American Elm	Ulmus americana	Large	50-80’	30-50’	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Tough and durable, good for streets and parking lots, new varieties resistant to Dutch elm disease include ‘Valley Forge’, ‘Princeton’ and ‘New Harmony’
35	Deciduous Tree Large: > 60’	Japanese Zelkova	Zelkova serrata	Medium	50-80’	30-50'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Good shade tree for streets and parking lots, heat and drought tolerant, exfoliating bark
36	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Red Maple	Acer rubrum	Medium	40-60'	30-50'	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun or Shade	Fall leaf color varies, 'October Glory' and 'Red Sunset' cultivars are most popular for guaranteed bright orange/red fall color, very adaptable. Rodney Porter and Duane Coen would like to keep on the list, however consensus is that we not over-plant this tree.
37	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	European Hornbeam	Carpinus betulus	Medium	40-60'	30-50'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade
38	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Chestnut	Castanea spp.	Medium	40'	40'		Yes	Yes	No	No	Sun	A large nut tree of rounded form with attractive leathery leaves averaging 40 feet tall and wide. The nuts are borne in clusters in a spiny husk. Plant chestnuts in groves or nut orchards or in large open landscapes as specimens or nut bearing timber trees, depending on variety. Prefers slopes and ridges. Choose hybrids with blight resistance.
39	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Sugarberry	Celtis laevigata	Medium	40-60'	40-60'	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun	Nice native tree, withstands adverse city conditions. Curious bark patterns. Fruit is a favorite for birds.
40	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Common Hackberry	Celtis occidentalis	Medium	40-60'	40-60'	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Nice native tree, withstands adverse city conditions, yellow green fall foliage, fall fruit is a favorite for birds
41	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Katsura tree	Cercidiphyllum japonicum	Medium	40-60'	40-60'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun	Elegant tree. Good street tree. Needs ample moisture when young. Use standard form.
42	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	American Yellowwood	Cladrastis kentukea	Medium	30-50'	40-55'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Spectacular cascading white flowers in spring, best as specimen or in groupings
43	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	American Persimmon	Diospyros virginiana	Medium	35-60'	20-30'		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sun	Has lustrous dark green summer foliage with yellow to reddish purple fall color. Seedlings are usually dioecious (separate male and female trees). Varieties are available that can fruit without a male.
44	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	European Beech	Fagus sylvatica	Large	50-60'	35-60'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Shade	Slow growing attractive bark and leaves. May have salt tolerance issues and may need irrigation during dry spells.
45	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Fastigiate European Beech	Fagus sylvatica 'Fastigiata'	Small	50-60'	15-20'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Shade	Slow growing attractive bark and leaves. Use upright cultivars such as 'Fastigiata'. May have salt tolerance issues and may need irrigation during dry spells.
46	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Mulberry	Morus spp.	Medium	30-50'	30-50'		Yes	Yes	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Small tree or multi-stemmed shrub best used in edges of property away from buildings and cars due to falling fruit; edible fruit
47	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Black Tupelo Black Gum	Nyssa sylvatica	Medium	30-50'	20-30'	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	Deciduous conifer, distinctive pyramidal habit, fluorescent yellow, orange and scarlet fall color, good street tree in residential areas
48	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Yoshino Cherry	Prunus yedoensis	Medium	40-50'	40-50'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Soft pinkish white flowers in early spring make spectacular display, fast growing,
49	Deciduous Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Chinese Elm Lacebark Elm	Ulmus parvifolia	Medium	30-60'	30-50'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Good shade tree for streets and parking lots. Heat and drought tolerant, exfoliating bark.
50	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Trident maple	Acer buergerianum	Small	25-35'	20-30'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun	Good urban street tree, tolerant of drought, air pollution, and soil compaction, attractive with nice foliage, form, fall color, and exfoliating bark
51	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Hedge Maple	Acer campestre	Small	20-35'	25-35'	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
52	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Amur Maple	Acer ginnala	Small	15-20'	15-20'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Adaptable to a wide range of soils, easy to transplant, tends toward multi-stem, not recommended for street tree, good for corners or blank walls of buildings
53	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Red Horsechestnut	Aesculus X carnea	Small	30-40'	30-40'		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	More resistant to blotch and mildew than A. hippocastanum, good for parks and other large use areas, good street tree, spectacular red flowers
54	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Serviceberry, Sarvis	Amelanchier arborea	Small	15-25'	10-15'	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	Blooms in early spring before dogwoods with pink/white flowers, recommended for planting under power lines, can be multi-trunked; edible berries similar to blueberries
55	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Allegheny Serviceberry	Amelanchier laevis	Small	18-20'	18-20'		Yes	Yes	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	A narrow, open native tree with delicious sweet fruit. Can tolerate juglans from walnuts. Tolerant of poor urban soils. This serviceberry bears clusters of star-shaped white flowers in spring followed by purple to black fruits. Fall foliage is yellow to red. Makes a good under story tree.
56	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Pawpaw	Asimina triloba	Small	30'	15'		Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun	A disease and insect resistant multi-stemmed large shrub or small tree that often forms colonies from underground suckers. The May blooming flowers produce greenish-yellow late summer fruit 2-6 inches long. Pawpaw's medium-large, drooping leaves give the tree a sultry tropical look during the growing season with yellow fall foliage color. It is difficult to transplant pawpaws so get its location right the first time. Must be cross pollinated with a seedling or another variety. An excellent streamside or creekside tree whose roots are excellent soil stabilizers. In the home landscape, pawpaw makes an excellent small orchard, hedge, or border large shrub or small tree, depending on pruning method.
57	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	American Hornbeam	Carpinus caroliniana	Small	20-30'	20-30'		Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun or Shade	Good street tree, great for naturalizing along woodland edges, in buffer areas or along streams
58	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Eastern Redbud	Cercis canadensis	Small	20-30'	25-35'	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Beautiful magenta flowers in spring, best for use in woodland/naturalized settings, use in buffer areas as understory or street tree under power lines, difficult to transplant
59	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Oklahoma Redbud	Cercis canadensis var. texensis 'Oklahoma'	Small	30-40'	15-20'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Texas Redbuds are good trees for hot, dry sites and alkaline soils, but 'Oklahoma' does well outside its native range in more humid climates. For best flowering, grow 'Oklahoma' in full sun to partial sun on rich, well-drained soil, with good moisture. It makes an eye-catching specimen tree, especially in early spring when every branch and twig and even the trunk is heavily flocked with flowers.
60	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	White Fringetree	Chionanthus virginicus	Small	15-20'	12-15'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Beautiful white fragrant flowers in spring, dark blue fruit in fall, makes a great understory tree in buffer areas, or street tree under power lines
61	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Pagoda Dogwood	Cornus alternifolia	Small	15-25'	10-20'		Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	Fibrous spreading roots, best for naturalizing in buffer areas, spreading habit with horizontal branches creates a layered look
62	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Flowering Dogwood	Cornus florida	Small	20-30'	20-30'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Good for naturalizing on edge of buffer areas, needs good air circulation, not pollution tolerant, not recommended for street tree planting
63	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Kousa Dogwood	Cornus kousa	Small	20-30'	20-30'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Creamy white flowers more prolific in sun, exfoliating bark, more disease resistant than Cornus florida, good for use near buildings, low branching
64	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	American Smoketree	Cotinus obovatus	Small	20-30'	20-30'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Good small tree for street and urban plantings, tolerates dry soil conditions, magnificent fall foliage ranges from yellow/orange, to red/reddish purple, attractive bark in winter
65	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Washington Hawthorn	Crataegus phaenopyrum	Small	25-30'	20-25'	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Creamy white flowers in May, attractive in winter with persistent red fruit; has thorns, bloom smell bothers some people
66	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Mountain Silverbell	Halesia monticola	Small	20-40'	15-35'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Larger tree found in cove forests at high elevations. In spring, Monticola has larger bell shaped flowers (petals 2-3 cm long) with the style included.
67	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Common Silverbell	Halesia tetraptera	Small	20-40’			Yes	No	No	Yes	Partial shade	An attractive spreading shrub or small tree which grows mostly along streams in understory. In spring, has smaller white bell-shaped flowers that droop along the undersides of twiggy branches. (petals <2 cm long)
68	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Crepe Myrtle	Lagerstroemia indica hybrids	Small	20'	15'	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	best in downtown environments surrounded by buildings and pavement to protect for cold hardiness. Almost always multi-stemmed. Easy to limb up branches.
69	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Saucer Magnolia	Magnolia soulangeana	Small	20-30'	20-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Pinkish purple flowers in early spring susceptible to spring frost
70	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Star Magnolia	Magnolia stellata	Small	15-20'	10-15'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Tree-like shrub with fragrant white flowers in early spring, avoid planting in a southern exposure, best used as a specimen; Frost sensitive
71	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Sweetbay Magnolia	Magnolia virginiana	Small	15-20'	10-20'		Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	Tolerates wet, swampy conditions, handsome foliage with sweetly fragrant white flowers in spring and red fruit in fall
72	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Flowering Crabapple	Malus	Small	15-25'	15-25'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Beautiful spring flowering tree in many colors; use of flowering crabapples to areas away from parking lots due to excessive branch/fruit drop; new cultivars are more resistant to fire blight, recommended varieties include: ‘Adams’, ‘Centurion’, ‘Prairie Fire’, ‘Harvest Gold’, ‘Autumn Glory’, ‘Red Snow’, and ‘Sugar Tyme’
73	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Apple	Malus spp.	Small	10-25'	8-30'		No	Yes	No	No	Sun	Height and width vary by rootstock and variety. Choose disease-resistant varieties, such as ‘Goldrush’, ‘Sweet 16’, ‘Liberty’, and ‘Enterprise’ for lower, less toxic maintenance.
74	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	American Hophornbeam	Ostrya virginiana	Medium	25-40'	20-40'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Useful as an understory tree and also as a street tree - This plant does not do well in windy conditions.
75	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Sourwood	Oxydendrum arboreum	Small	25-30'	15-20'		Yes	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	White flowers in summer, excellent fall color, hard to transplant, drought tolerant
76	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Persian Parrotia	Parrotia persica	Small	20-40'	15-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Excellent small tree with exfoliating bark and crimson flowers in early spring, use as street tree under power lines or as an accent plant
77	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Sargent Cherry	Prunus sargentii	Small	20-30'	20-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Pink flowers in April/May, rich brown bark, good street tree under power lines
78	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Higan Cherry	Prunus subhirtella	Small	20-40'	15-30'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Long lived, cold heat and stress tolerant, ‘Pendula’ is a weeping variety
79	Deciduous Tree Small: 15 - 40’	Asian pear	Pyrus pyrifolia	Small	to 20'	20'		No	Yes	No	No	Sun	A beautiful pyramidal rounded tree to 20 feet covered in the spring with beautiful white flowers that produce abundant early fall fruit. Asian pears have very ornamental leaves with delightful fall color. An excellent accent tree, large enough to be used as a small shade tree and can produce delicious apple-shaped aromatic fruit in abundance. Requires cross-pollination. Disease-resistant varieties available.
80	Evergreen Tree Large: > 60’	Deodar cedar	Cedrus deodara	Large	30-50'	30-40’		No	No	No	No	Partial shade	Subject to cold injury in Zone 6
81	Evergreen Tree Large: > 60’	False Cypress	Chamaecyparis pisifera	Small	50-70'	10-20'		No	No	No	No	Sun	Species is large tree but most cultivars are smaller, use as accent plant
82	Evergreen Tree Large: > 60’	Southern Magnolia	Magnolia grandiflora	Large	40-80’	30-40’		Yes	No	Yes	No	Sun	Fragrant, creamy white flowers in summer; bright red seeds in fall; should be planted where lowest branches can grow to ground;
83	Evergreen Tree Large: > 60’	White Pine	Pinus strobus	Medium	50-80’	20-40’		Yes	No	No	Yes	Sun	Better for background use in mixed borders. Prone to branch and trunk breakage, don't use near buildings; not a good hedge.
84	Evergreen Tree Large: > 60’	Giant Arborvitae	Thuja plicata ‘Green Giant’	Medium	50-70’	20-25’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Fast growing, privacy barrier
85	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	White Fir	Abies concolor	Small	30-50’	15-20’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Withstands heat, drought and cold, well adapted for general landscape use
86	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Atlas Cedar	Cedrus atlantica	Medium	40-60’	30-40’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Magnificent evergreen, frosty blue needles, drought tolerant, use as specimen tree
87	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Cedar of Lebanon	Cedrus libani	Medium	40-60’	40-60’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Stately tree with thick massive trunk, dark green foliage, use as a specimen
88	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Japanese Cryptomeria	Cryptomeria japonica	Medium	50-60’	20-30’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Graceful and stately, useful alternative to leyland cypress for hedges and screening, protect from harsh winds
89	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	American Holly	Ilex opaca	Medium	40-50’	20-40’		Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Sun or Partial Shade	Slow growing, plant male and female for berries, protect from winter sun and desiccating winds
90	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Rocky Mountain Juniper	Juniperus scopulorum	N/A	30-40’	3-15’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Valued for screens and hedges, blue cast to the foliage. ‘Skyrocket’ is very narrow cultivar
91	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Eastern Redcedar	Juniperus virginiana	Small	40-50’	10-20’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Useful for windbreaks and shelterbelts, sage green foliage becomes bronze in winter
92	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Norway Spruce	Picea abies	Medium	40-60’	25-30’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Rapid growth when young, use for screening
93	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Siberian Spruce	Picea obovata	Small	50-60’	20’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Use for wind or privacy screening, grows natural into narrow pyramid shape
94	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Serbian Spruce	Picea omorika	Small	50-60’	15-25’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	One of the most attractive and adoptable spruces; prefers a dry atmosphere and protection from wind
95	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Oriental Spruce	Picea orientalis	Small	50-60’	10-15’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Partial Shade	Dense compact narrow habit, tolerant of infertile soils, makes a great specimen conifer
96	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Colorado Blue Spruce	Picea pungens	Small	30-60’	10-20’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Best as specimen, blue foliage, tolerant of dry conditions
97	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Lacebark Pine	Pinus bungeana	Medium	30-50’	20-35’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Rich green foliage, exfoliating bark, slow grower, often multi-stemmed
98	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	Japanese Red Pine	Pinus densiflora	Medium	40-60’	40-60’		No	No	No	No	Sun	Picturesque interesting form, use as specimen, decorative orange exfoliating bark
99	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	English Yew	Taxus baccata	N/A	30-60’	15-25’		No	No	No	No	Sun or Shade	Cultivated in England for centuries, with many cultivars available smaller than species, adapts well to varied conditions, easily pruned; leaves are extremely toxic
100	Evergreen Tree Medium: 40 - 60'	American Arborvitae	Thuja occidentalis	Small	40-60’	10-15’		Yes	No	No	No	Sun	Best for use as screens or hedges, stiff pyramidal habit, durable