Types of cancer and their precursor lesions

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
1
2	Cancer precursor project
3	Types of cancer and their precursor lesions
4	Maintained by Nat Pernick, M.D.					Malignancies		Precursors		%
5	Last revised 10 July 2024		Related essay	Current totals		1218		175		14.4%
6
7	General overview
8	Please contact Dr. Pernick at Nat@PathologyOutlines.com with your comments or corrections.
9				Precursor #1	Precursor #2
10	Site	Cancer		Histology	Histology	Malignant		With precursor			Comments
11	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	WHO classification
12	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Adrenal cortical carcinoma		adrenal cortical adenoma		1		1
13	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Pheochromocytoma		adrenal medullary hyperplasia in MEN2 syndrome		1		1
14	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Paraganglioma		unknown		1
15	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Neuroblastoma		possibly neuroblastoma in situ		1		1
16	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Ganglioneuroblastoma		unknown		1
17	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Composite pheochromocytoma		unknown		1
18	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Composite paraganglioma		unknown		1
19	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Non WHO diagnoses:
20	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Adrenal cortical carcinoma-myxoid		possibly adenoma		1		1
21	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Adrenal cortical carcinoma-oncocytic		possibly adenoma		1		1
22	Adrenal gland & paraganglia	Adrenal cortical carcinoma-sarcomatoid		unknown		1
23	Total adrenal gland						10		5	50.0%
24
25	Anus & perianal	WHO classification
26	Anus & perianal	Squamous cell carcinoma, NOS		anal intraepithelial lesion (high grade)	Buschke-Löwenstein tumor	1		1
27	Anus & perianal	Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma		unknown		1
28	Anus & perianal	Adenocarcinoma, NOS		unknown		1
29	Anus & perianal	Neuroendocrine tumor	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-neuroendocrine	unknown		1
30	Anus & perianal	Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
31	Anus & perianal	Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
32	Anus & perianal	Mixed neuroendocrine nonneuroendocrine neoplasms		unknown		1
33	Anus & perianal	Non WHO diagnoses:
34	Anus & perianal	Apocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
35	Total anus & perianal						8		1	12.5%
36
37	Appendix	WHO classification
38	Appendix	High grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm		unknown		1
39	Appendix	Adenocarcinoma, NOS		colonic type may arise from adenomas		1		1
40	Appendix	Mucinous adenocarcinoma		possibly LAMN or HAMN		1		1
41	Appendix	Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma		unknown		1
42	Appendix	Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS		unknown		1
43	Appendix	Goblet cell adenocarcinoma		unknown		1
44	Appendix	Neuroendocrine tumor	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-neuroendocrine	subepithelial neuroendocrine complex		1		1
45	Appendix	Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
46	Appendix	Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
47	Appendix	Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN)		unknown		1
48	Total appendix						10		3	30.0%
49
50	Bladder & urothelial tract	WHO classification
51	Bladder & urothelial tract	Urothelial carcinoma		CIS, possibly dysplasia		1		1
52	Bladder & urothelial tract	Verrucous carcinoma		unknown		1
53	Bladder & urothelial tract	Pure squamous cell carcinoma		surface keratinizing squamous metaplasia and dysplasia / squamous CIS		1		1
54	Bladder & urothelial tract	Adenocarcinoma, NOS		extensive intestinal metaplasia, villous adenoma, CIS		1		1
55	Bladder & urothelial tract	Urachal carcinoma		possibly CIS		1		1
56	Bladder & urothelial tract	Diverticular carcinoma		unknown		1
57	Bladder & urothelial tract	Carcinoma of Skene, Cowper and Littre glands		unknown		1
58	Bladder & urothelial tract	Clear cell carcinoma		unknown		1
59	Bladder & urothelial tract	Endometrioid carcinoma		endometriosis		1		1
60	Bladder & urothelial tract	Not in main WHO section:
61	Bladder & urothelial tract	Nested urothelial carcinoma, including large nested variant		unknown		1
62	Bladder & urothelial tract	Microcystic urothelial carcinoma		unknown		1
63	Bladder & urothelial tract	Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma		possibly in situ micropapillary component		1		1
64	Bladder & urothelial tract	Lymphoepithelioma-like urothelial carcinoma		CIS, possibly dysplasia		1		1
65	Bladder & urothelial tract	Plasmacytoid / signet ring / diffuse urothelial carcinoma		CIS plasmacytoid variant exists but is probably not an obligate precursor		1		1
66	Bladder & urothelial tract	Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma		successor to other bladder tumors		1		1
67	Bladder & urothelial tract	Giant cell urothelial carcinoma		possibly CIS		1		1
68	Bladder & urothelial tract	Poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma		unknown		1
69	Bladder & urothelial tract	Lipid rich urothelial carcinoma		unknown		1
70	Bladder & urothelial tract	Clear cell (glycogen rich) urothelial carcinoma		unknown		1
71	Bladder & urothelial tract	Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		may arise from preexisting urothelial carcinoma		1		1
72	Bladder & urothelial tract	Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma		unknown		1
73	Bladder & urothelial tract	Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-neuroendocrine	unknown		1					has aggressive behavior
74	Bladder & urothelial tract	Paraganglioma		unknown		1
75	Bladder & urothelial tract	Malignant melanoma		atypical melanocytes, melanosis		1		1
76	Bladder & urothelial tract	Rhabdomyosarcoma		unknown		1
77	Bladder & urothelial tract	Leiomyosarcoma		unknown		1
78	Bladder & urothelial tract	Angiosarcoma		unknown		1
79	Bladder & urothelial tract	Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor		unknown		1
80	Total bladder & urothelial tract						28		12	42.9%
81
82	Bone & joints	WHO classification
83	Bone & joints	Chondromatosis, NOS		unknown		1
84	Bone & joints	Atypical cartilaginous tumor / chondrosarcoma grade 1	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-characteristics-1d7	may arise from enchondroma or osteochondroma		1		1
85	Bone & joints	Chondrosarcoma, grades 2 & 3	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-characteristics-1d7	may arise from enchondroma or osteochondroma		1		1			combined because they don't appear to be distinct entities
86	Bone & joints	Periosteal chondrosarcoma		unknown		1
87	Bone & joints	Clear cell chondrosarcoma		unknown		1
88	Bone & joints	Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma		unknown		1
89	Bone & joints	Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma		may arise from lower grade chondrosarcoma		1					excluded since precursor is itself malignant
90	Bone & joints	Osteoblastoma, NOS		unknown		1
91	Bone & joints	Low grade central osteosarcoma		unknown		1
92	Bone & joints	Osteosarcoma, NOS / conventional osteosarcoma	https://natpernick.substack.com/p/cancer-precursor-project-characteristics-1d7	rarely arises from Paget disease of bone		1		1
93	Bone & joints	Telangiectatic osteosarcoma		unknown		1
94	Bone & joints	Small cell osteosarcoma		unknown		1
95	Bone & joints	Parosteal osteosarcoma		unknown		1
96	Bone & joints	Periosteal osteosarcoma		unknown		1
97	Bone & joints	High grade surface osteosarcoma		unknown		1
98	Bone & joints	Secondary osteosarcoma		unknown		1
99	Bone & joints	Desmoplastic fibroma		unknown		1
100	Bone & joints	Fibrosarcoma, NOS		unknown		1