A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | |
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1 | Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Innervation | Artery | Notes | random | |||||||||||
2 | psoas minor | bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae | iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic ramus | flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column | branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2 | lumbar aa. | absent in 40% of cases | 0.2638858879 | |||||||||||
3 | dorsal interosseous (foot) | shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones | bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side) | abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of those digits | deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve | dorsal metatarsal aa. | four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert | 0.8210664684 | |||||||||||
4 | plantar interosseous | base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5 | bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5 | adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by the second digit),flex metatarsophalangeal and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 3-5 | deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve | plantar metatarsal aa. | remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert | 0.4590949819 | |||||||||||
5 | gluteus maximus | posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament | upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur | extends the thigh; laterally rotates the femur | inferior gluteal nerve | superior and inferior gluteal aa. | gluteus maximus is a site of intramuscular injection | 0.9693754739 | |||||||||||
6 | flexor hallucis brevis | cuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial side of the first metatarsal | medial belly: medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe; lateral belly: lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the great toe | flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe | medial plantar nerve (lateral belly occasionally receives innervation from the lateral plantar nerve) | medial plantar a. | each tendon of insertion contains a sesamoid bone | 0.6185199303 | |||||||||||
7 | gemellus, superior | ischial spine | obturator internus tendon | laterally rotates the femur | nerve to the obturator internus m. | inferior gluteal a. | gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin" | 0.8607493773 | |||||||||||
8 | gluteus minimus | external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines | greater trochanter of the femur | abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh | superior gluteal nerve | superior gluteal a. | the angle at which the gluteus minimus tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial rotation | 0.3862869173 | |||||||||||
9 | abductor hallucis | medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus | medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux) | abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint | medial plantar nerve | medial plantar a. | abductor hallucis forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot | 0.1248715127 | |||||||||||
10 | extensor hallucis longus | middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane | base of the distal phalanx of the great toe | extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great toe | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | anterior tibial a. | one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome | 0.7411661254 | |||||||||||
11 | adductor longus | medial portion of the superior pubic ramus | linea aspera of the femur | adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur | anterior division of the obturator nerve | obturator a., deep femoral a. | the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles | 0.7764891315 | |||||||||||
12 | articularis genu | anterior surface of the femur above the patellar surface | articular capsule of the knee | elevates the articular capsule of the knee joint | femoral nerve | descending genicular a. | articularis genu is formed by muscle fascicles deep to the vastus intermedius m. | 0.4854481208 | |||||||||||
13 | tensor fasciae latae | anterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine | iliotibial tract | flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh | superior gluteal nerve | superior gluteal a. | tensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus m. | 0.9209154972 | |||||||||||
14 | extensor digitorum brevis | superolateral surface of the calcaneus | extensor expansion of toes 1-4 | extends toes 1-4 | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | dorsalis pedis a. | the part of the extensor digitorum brevis that goes to the great toe is called the extensor hallucis brevis m. | 0.6172266525 | |||||||||||
15 | inferior gemellus | ischial tuberosity | obturator internus tendon | laterally rotates the femur | nerve to the quadratus femoris m. | inferior gluteal a. | gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin" | 0.8307442403 | |||||||||||
16 | adductor hallucis | oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of metatarsals 3-5 | lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe | adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; i.e.toward the 2nd digit) | deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve | plantar arterial arch | the plantar arterial arch passes superior to the oblique head of adductor hallucis | 0.8267836253 | |||||||||||
17 | tibialis anterior | lateral tibial condyle and the upper lateral surface of the tibia | medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal | dorsiflexes and inverts the foot | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | anterior tibial a. | acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis posterior m. | 0.349126957 | |||||||||||
18 | pectineus | pecten of the pubis | pectineal line of the femur | adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh | femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve | medial femoral circumflex a. | pectineus often has a dual innervation | 0.6277960918 | |||||||||||
19 | flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) | base of 5th metatarsal bone | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th digit | lateral plantar nerve | lateral plantar a. | none | 0.1871820209 | |||||||||||
20 | obturator internus | the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen | greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa | laterally rotates and abducts the thigh | nerve to the obturator internus m. | obturator a. | the obturator internus m. leaves the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen; the superior and inferior gemellus mm. insert on the obturator internus tendon | 0.1922550057 | |||||||||||
21 | tibialis posterior | interosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula, posterolateral surface of the tibia | tuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4 | plantar flexes the foot; inverts the foot | tibial nerve | fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a. | acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis anterior m. | 0.2070019958 | |||||||||||
22 | adductor minimus | lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus | gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur | adducts and laterally rotates the femur | posterior division of the obturator nerve | obturator a., medial femoral circumflex a., deep femoral a. | adductor minimus m. is the uppermost fibers of the adductor magnus m. | 0.149029387 | |||||||||||
23 | interosseous, plantar | base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5 | bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5 | adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by a plane through the second digit); flex the metacarpophalangeal and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 3-5 | deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve | plantar metatarsal aa. | remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert | 0.913596851 | |||||||||||
24 | peroneus mm. (SEE fibularis mm.) | peroneus is the old terminology used for the fibularis mm. | 0.04027858876 | ||||||||||||||||
25 | flexor digitorum brevis | tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae | base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendons | flexes the metatarsophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 | medial plantar nerve | medial and lateral plantar aa. | flexor digitorum brevis in the foot is equivalent to the flexor digitorum superficialis m. of the arm | 0.7058659361 | |||||||||||
26 | plantaris | above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastrocnemius) | dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon | flexes the leg; plantar flexes the foot | tibial nerve | popliteal a. | plantaris has a long slender tendon that is equivalent to the tendon of the palmaris longus m. of the arm; its tendon is often called the "freshman nerve" because it is often misidentified by the freshman medical student | 0.9333861925 | |||||||||||
27 | extensor hallucis brevis | superolateral surface of the calcaneus | dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe | extends the great toe | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | dorsalis pedis a. | usually considered to be the medial-most part of the extensor digitorum brevis m. | 0.6858716485 | |||||||||||
28 | vastus intermedius | anterior and lateral surface of the femur | patella | extends the leg | femoral nerve | lateral femoral circumflex a. | vastus intermedius is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle | 0.750362138 | |||||||||||
29 | interosseous, dorsal (foot) | shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones | bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side) | abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of those digits | deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve | dorsal metatarsal aa. | four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert | 0.1154556037 | |||||||||||
30 | gluteus medius | external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines | greater trochanter of the femur | abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh | superior gluteal nerve | superior gluteal a. | the angle at which the gluteus medius tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial rotation | 0.1089642125 | |||||||||||
31 | gemellus, inferior | ischial tuberosity | obturator internus tendon | laterally rotates the femur | nerve to the quadratus femoris m. | inferior gluteal a. | gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin" | 0.6983839971 | |||||||||||
32 | adductor brevis | inferior pubic ramus | pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.) | adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur | anterior division of the obturator nerve | obturator a., deep femoral a. | anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevis | 0.04297456877 | |||||||||||
33 | iliacus | iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum | lesser trochanter of the femur | flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thigh | femoral nerve | iliolumbar a. | inserts in company with the psoas major m. via the iliopsoas tendon | 0.4041461786 | |||||||||||
34 | vastus lateralis | lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity | patella and medial patellar retinaculum | extends leg | femoral nerve | lateral femoral circumflex a., perforating branches of the deep femoral a. | vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle | 0.571609616 | |||||||||||
35 | piriformis | anterior surface of sacrum | upper border of greater trochanter of femur | laterally rotates and abducts thigh | ventral rami of S1-S2 | piriformis leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen | 0.3262976387 | ||||||||||||
36 | rectus femoris | straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of the acetabulum | patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament) | extends the leg, flexes the thigh | femoral nerve | lateral circumflex femoral a. | rectus femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle | 0.1740443667 | |||||||||||
37 | fibularis (peroneus) brevis | lower one third of the lateral surface of the fibula | tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal | extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot | superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve | fibular (peroneal) a. | stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner's injury | 0.2645016093 | |||||||||||
38 | obturator externus | the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and inferior pubic rami | trochanteric fossa of the femur | laterally rotates the thigh | obturator nerve | obturator a. | the tendon of the obturator externus m. passes inferior to the neck of the femur to reach its insertion site | 0.2642205406 | |||||||||||
39 | popliteus | lateral condyle of the femur | posterior surface of the tibia above soleal line | flexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh laterally) | tibial nerve | popliteal a. | has a round tendon of origin; popliteus unlocks the knee joint to initiate flexion of the leg | 0.1564692034 | |||||||||||
40 | biceps femoris | long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera | head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia | extends the thigh, flexes the leg | long head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve | perforating branches of the deep femoral a. | one of the "hamstring" muscles | 0.4888337357 | |||||||||||
41 | iliopsoas | iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae | lesser trochanter of the femur | flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column | branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerve | iliolumbar a. | a combination of the iliacus and psoas major mm. | 0.8757415798 | |||||||||||
42 | semitendinosus | lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris m.) | medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus) | extends the thigh, flexes the leg | tibial nerve | perforating branches of the deep femoral a. | pes anserinus is the common insertion for the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm. | 0.3386349374 | |||||||||||
43 | gastrocnemius | femur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyle | dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon | flexes leg; plantar flexes foot | tibial nerve | sural aa. (from the popliteal a.), posterior tibial a. | the calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body | 0.1062389646 | |||||||||||
44 | quadratus femoris | lateral border of the ischial tuberosity | quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest | laterally rotates the thigh | nerve to the quadratus femoris m. | inferior gluteal a. | the nerve to the quadratus femoris m. also innervates the inferior gemellus m. | 0.1865378335 | |||||||||||
45 | psoas major | bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae | lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon | flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column | branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4 | subcostal a., lumbar aa. | the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m. | 0.2478820113 | |||||||||||
46 | fibularis (peroneus) tertius | distal part of the anterior surface of the fibula | dorsum of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal bone | everts the foot | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | anterior tibial a. | fibularis tertius is in the anterior compartment of the leg, not the lateral compartment (which contains fibularis longus and brevis) | 0.4777214254 | |||||||||||
47 | quadratus plantae | anterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligament | tendons of the flexor digitorum longus m. | assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes | lateral plantar nerve | lateral plantar a. | the quadratus plantae m. changes the line of force of the flexor digitorum longus m. to bring it in line with the long axis of the foot | 0.483163149 | |||||||||||
48 | extensor digitorum longus | lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane | dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx) | extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes | deep fibular (peroneal) nerve | anterior tibial a. | one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome | 0.6948090922 | |||||||||||
49 | vastus medialis | medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera | patella and medial patellar retinaculum | extends leg | femoral nerve | lateral femoral circumflex a. | vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle | 0.01672042631 | |||||||||||
50 | superior gemellus | ischial spine | obturator internus tendon | laterally rotates the femur | nerve to the obturator internus m. | inferior gluteal a. | gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin" | 0.7187682579 | |||||||||||
51 | lumbricals (foot) | tendons of the flexor digitorum longus | medial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5 | flex the metatarsophalangeal joint, extend the proximal interphalangeal & distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 | medial (1st) lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; lateral three lumbricals: lateral plantar nerve | medial and lateral plantar aa. | the lumbricals of the foot have the same action on the toes that the lumbricals in the hand have on the fingers | 0.003785272291 | |||||||||||
52 | sartorius | anterior superior iliac spine | medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus) | flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg | femoral nerve | lateral femoral circumflex a., saphenous a. | sartorius means "tailor"; its actions put the lower limb in the traditional cross-legged seated position of a tailor | 0.8825088699 | |||||||||||
53 | soleus | posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia | dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon | plantar flexes the foot | tibial nerve | posterior tibial a. | soleus and the 2 heads of gastrocnemius are sometimes called the triceps surae muscle | 0.1145012125 | |||||||||||
54 | semimembranosus | upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity | medial condyle of the tibia | extends the thigh, flexes the leg | tibial nerve | perforating branches of the deep femoral a. | one of the "hamstring" muscles | 0.963991523 | |||||||||||
55 | adductor magnus | ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity | linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur | adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part) | posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part) | obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a. | the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated by the tibial nerve | 0.9858319857 | |||||||||||
56 | fibularis (peroneus) longus | upper two/thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula | after crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone | extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot | superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve | fibular (peroneal) a. | fibularis longus lies superficial to the fibularis brevis m. in the lateral compartment of the leg | 0.4493399806 | |||||||||||
57 | quadriceps femoris | anterior surface of the femur and the anterior side of the medial and lateral intermuscular septa | tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament | extends the knee; rectus femoris flexes the thigh | femoral nerve | lateral circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a. | composed of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis | 0.8280102102 | |||||||||||
58 | gracilis | pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus | medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus) | adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg | anterior division of the obturator nerve | obturator a. | the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm. | 0.989961153 | |||||||||||
59 | flexor digitorum longus | middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia | bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5 | flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5; plantar flexes the foot | tibial nerve | tibial a. | flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m. of the arm | 0.1557587455 | |||||||||||
60 | abductor digiti minimi (foot) | medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus | lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit | abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint | lateral plantar nerve | lateral plantar a. | abductor digiti minimi forms the lateral margin of the sole of the foot | 0.222615124 | |||||||||||
61 | flexor hallucis longus | lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula | base of the distal phalanx of the great toe | flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the great toe; plantar flexes the foot | tibial nerve | fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a. | flexor hallucis longus is very important in the "push off" part of the normal gait | 0.3740117225 | |||||||||||
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