ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS
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MuscleOriginInsertionActionInnervationArteryNotesrandom
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psoas minorbodies of the T12 & L1 vertebraeiliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic ramusflexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral columnbranches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2lumbar aa.absent in 40% of cases0.2638858879
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dorsal interosseous (foot) shafts of adjacent metatarsal bonesbases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of those digitsdeep branch of the lateral plantar nervedorsal metatarsal aa.four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert0.8210664684
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plantar interosseousbase and medial side of metatarsals 3-5bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by the second digit),flex metatarsophalangeal and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 3-5deep branch of the lateral plantar nerveplantar metatarsal aa.remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert0.4590949819
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gluteus maximusposterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligamentupper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femurextends the thigh; laterally rotates the femurinferior gluteal nervesuperior and inferior gluteal aa.gluteus maximus is a site of intramuscular injection0.9693754739
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flexor hallucis breviscuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial side of the first metatarsalmedial belly: medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe; lateral belly: lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the great toeflexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toemedial plantar nerve (lateral belly occasionally receives innervation from the lateral plantar nerve)medial plantar a.each tendon of insertion contains a sesamoid bone0.6185199303
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gemellus, superiorischial spineobturator internus tendonlaterally rotates the femurnerve to the obturator internus m.inferior gluteal a.gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"0.8607493773
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gluteus minimusexternal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal linesgreater trochanter of the femurabducts the femur; medially rotates the thighsuperior gluteal nervesuperior gluteal a.the angle at which the gluteus minimus tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial rotation0.3862869173
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abductor hallucismedial side of the tuberosity of calcaneusmedial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jointmedial plantar nervemedial plantar a.abductor hallucis forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot0.1248715127
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extensor hallucis longusmiddle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membranebase of the distal phalanx of the great toeextends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great toedeep fibular (peroneal) nerveanterior tibial a.one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome0.7411661254
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adductor longusmedial portion of the superior pubic ramuslinea aspera of the femuradducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femuranterior division of the obturator nerveobturator a., deep femoral a.the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles0.7764891315
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articularis genuanterior surface of the femur above the patellar surfacearticular capsule of the kneeelevates the articular capsule of the knee jointfemoral nervedescending genicular a.articularis genu is formed by muscle fascicles deep to the vastus intermedius m.0.4854481208
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tensor fasciae lataeanterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spineiliotibial tractflexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thighsuperior gluteal nervesuperior gluteal a.tensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus m.0.9209154972
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extensor digitorum brevissuperolateral surface of the calcaneusextensor expansion of toes 1-4extends toes 1-4deep fibular (peroneal) nervedorsalis pedis a. the part of the extensor digitorum brevis that goes to the great toe is called the extensor hallucis brevis m.0.6172266525
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inferior gemellusischial tuberosityobturator internus tendonlaterally rotates the femurnerve to the quadratus femoris m.inferior gluteal a.gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"0.8307442403
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adductor hallucisoblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of metatarsals 3-5lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toeadducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; i.e.toward the 2nd digit)deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve plantar arterial archthe plantar arterial arch passes superior to the oblique head of adductor hallucis0.8267836253
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tibialis anteriorlateral tibial condyle and the upper lateral surface of the tibiamedial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsaldorsiflexes and inverts the footdeep fibular (peroneal) nerveanterior tibial a.acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis posterior m.0.349126957
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pectineuspecten of the pubispectineal line of the femuradducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thighfemoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nervemedial femoral circumflex a.pectineus often has a dual innervation0.6277960918
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flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)base of 5th metatarsal bonelateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digitflexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th digitlateral plantar nervelateral plantar a.none0.1871820209
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obturator internusthe internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramengreater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossalaterally rotates and abducts the thighnerve to the obturator internus m.obturator a.the obturator internus m. leaves the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen; the superior and inferior gemellus mm. insert on the obturator internus tendon0.1922550057
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tibialis posteriorinterosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula, posterolateral surface of the tibiatuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4plantar flexes the foot; inverts the foottibial nervefibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis anterior m.0.2070019958
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adductor minimuslower portion of the inferior pubic ramusgluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femuradducts and laterally rotates the femurposterior division of the obturator nerveobturator a., medial femoral circumflex a., deep femoral a. adductor minimus m. is the uppermost fibers of the adductor magnus m.0.149029387
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interosseous, plantarbase and medial side of metatarsals 3-5bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by a plane through the second digit); flex the metacarpophalangeal and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 3-5deep branch of the lateral plantar nerveplantar metatarsal aa.remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert0.913596851
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peroneus mm. (SEE fibularis mm.) peroneus is the old terminology used for the fibularis mm.0.04027858876
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flexor digitorum brevistuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septaebase of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus tendonsflexes the metatarsophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5medial plantar nervemedial and lateral plantar aa.flexor digitorum brevis in the foot is equivalent to the flexor digitorum superficialis m. of the arm0.7058659361
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plantarisabove the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastrocnemius)dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendonflexes the leg; plantar flexes the foottibial nervepopliteal a.plantaris has a long slender tendon that is equivalent to the tendon of the palmaris longus m. of the arm; its tendon is often called the "freshman nerve" because it is often misidentified by the freshman medical student0.9333861925
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extensor hallucis brevissuperolateral surface of the calcaneusdorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toeextends the great toedeep fibular (peroneal) nervedorsalis pedis a. usually considered to be the medial-most part of the extensor digitorum brevis m.0.6858716485
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vastus intermediusanterior and lateral surface of the femurpatellaextends the legfemoral nervelateral femoral circumflex a.vastus intermedius is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle0.750362138
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interosseous, dorsal (foot) shafts of adjacent metatarsal bonesbases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of those digitsdeep branch of the lateral plantar nervedorsal metatarsal aa.four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert0.1154556037
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gluteus mediusexternal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal linesgreater trochanter of the femurabducts the femur; medially rotates the thighsuperior gluteal nervesuperior gluteal a.the angle at which the gluteus medius tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial rotation0.1089642125
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gemellus, inferiorischial tuberosityobturator internus tendonlaterally rotates the femurnerve to the quadratus femoris m.inferior gluteal a.gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"0.6983839971
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adductor brevisinferior pubic ramuspectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femuranterior division of the obturator nerveobturator a., deep femoral a.anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevis0.04297456877
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iliacusiliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrumlesser trochanter of the femurflexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thighfemoral nerveiliolumbar a.inserts in company with the psoas major m. via the iliopsoas tendon0.4041461786
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vastus lateralislateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberositypatella and medial patellar retinaculumextends legfemoral nervelateral femoral circumflex a., perforating branches of the deep femoral a.vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle0.571609616
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piriformisanterior surface of sacrumupper border of greater trochanter of femurlaterally rotates and abducts thighventral rami of S1-S2 piriformis leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen0.3262976387
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rectus femorisstraight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of the acetabulumpatella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)extends the leg, flexes the thighfemoral nervelateral circumflex femoral a.rectus femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle0.1740443667
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fibularis (peroneus) brevislower one third of the lateral surface of the fibulatuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsalextends (plantar flexes) and everts the footsuperficial fibular (peroneal) nervefibular (peroneal) a.stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner's injury0.2645016093
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obturator externusthe external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and inferior pubic ramitrochanteric fossa of the femurlaterally rotates the thighobturator nerveobturator a.the tendon of the obturator externus m. passes inferior to the neck of the femur to reach its insertion site0.2642205406
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popliteuslateral condyle of the femurposterior surface of the tibia above soleal lineflexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh laterally)tibial nervepopliteal a.has a round tendon of origin; popliteus unlocks the knee joint to initiate flexion of the leg0.1564692034
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biceps femorislong head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea asperahead of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibiaextends the thigh, flexes the leglong head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerveperforating branches of the deep femoral a.one of the "hamstring" muscles0.4888337357
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iliopsoasiliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebraelesser trochanter of the femurflexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral columnbranches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerveiliolumbar a.a combination of the iliacus and psoas major mm.0.8757415798
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semitendinosuslower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris m.)medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)extends the thigh, flexes the legtibial nerveperforating branches of the deep femoral a.pes anserinus is the common insertion for the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.0.3386349374
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gastrocnemiusfemur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyledorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendonflexes leg; plantar flexes foottibial nervesural aa. (from the popliteal a.), posterior tibial a.the calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body0.1062389646
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quadratus femorislateral border of the ischial tuberosityquadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crestlaterally rotates the thighnerve to the quadratus femoris m.inferior gluteal a.the nerve to the quadratus femoris m. also innervates the inferior gemellus m.0.1865378335
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psoas majorbodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebraelesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendonflexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral columnbranches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4subcostal a., lumbar aa.the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m.0.2478820113
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fibularis (peroneus) tertiusdistal part of the anterior surface of the fibuladorsum of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal boneeverts the footdeep fibular (peroneal) nerveanterior tibial a.fibularis tertius is in the anterior compartment of the leg, not the lateral compartment (which contains fibularis longus and brevis)0.4777214254
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quadratus plantaeanterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligamenttendons of the flexor digitorum longus m.assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toeslateral plantar nervelateral plantar a.the quadratus plantae m. changes the line of force of the flexor digitorum longus m. to bring it in line with the long axis of the foot0.483163149
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extensor digitorum longuslateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membranedorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx)extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toesdeep fibular (peroneal) nerveanterior tibial a.one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome0.6948090922
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vastus medialismedial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea asperapatella and medial patellar retinaculumextends legfemoral nervelateral femoral circumflex a.vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle0.01672042631
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superior gemellusischial spineobturator internus tendonlaterally rotates the femurnerve to the obturator internus m.inferior gluteal a.gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"0.7187682579
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lumbricals (foot)tendons of the flexor digitorum longusmedial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5flex the metatarsophalangeal joint, extend the proximal interphalangeal & distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5medial (1st) lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; lateral three lumbricals: lateral plantar nervemedial and lateral plantar aa.the lumbricals of the foot have the same action on the toes that the lumbricals in the hand have on the fingers0.003785272291
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sartoriusanterior superior iliac spinemedial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes legfemoral nervelateral femoral circumflex a., saphenous a.sartorius means "tailor"; its actions put the lower limb in the traditional cross-legged seated position of a tailor0.8825088699
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soleusposterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibiadorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendonplantar flexes the foottibial nerveposterior tibial a.soleus and the 2 heads of gastrocnemius are sometimes called the triceps surae muscle0.1145012125
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semimembranosusupper, outer surface of the ischial tuberositymedial condyle of the tibiaextends the thigh, flexes the legtibial nerveperforating branches of the deep femoral a.one of the "hamstring" muscles0.963991523
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adductor magnusischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberositylinea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femuradducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part)posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a.the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated by the tibial nerve0.9858319857
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fibularis (peroneus) longusupper two/thirds of the lateral surface of the fibulaafter crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal boneextends (plantar flexes) and everts the footsuperficial fibular (peroneal) nervefibular (peroneal) a.fibularis longus lies superficial to the fibularis brevis m. in the lateral compartment of the leg0.4493399806
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quadriceps femorisanterior surface of the femur and the anterior side of the medial and lateral intermuscular septatibial tuberosity via the patellar ligamentextends the knee; rectus femoris flexes the thighfemoral nervelateral circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a.composed of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis0.8280102102
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gracilispubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramusmedial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leganterior division of the obturator nerveobturator a.the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.0.989961153
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flexor digitorum longusmiddle half of the posterior surface of the tibiabases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5; plantar flexes the foottibial nervetibial a.flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m. of the arm0.1557587455
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abductor digiti minimi (foot)medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneuslateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digitabducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal jointlateral plantar nervelateral plantar a.abductor digiti minimi forms the lateral margin of the sole of the foot0.222615124
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flexor hallucis longuslower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibulabase of the distal phalanx of the great toeflexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the great toe; plantar flexes the foottibial nervefibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.flexor hallucis longus is very important in the "push off" part of the normal gait0.3740117225
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