ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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2
4000 BCE
Proto-Indo-European (Differentiated)
4000 BCE
3
4
3000 BCE
3000 BCE
5
Proto Indo-Iranian Dialects (Undifferentiated)
6
2000 BCE
2000 BCE
7
Late Proto-Indo-Iranian Dialects (Differentiated)
8
1750 BCE
1750 BCE
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10
1500 BCE
Proto-Old-Iranic Dialects (Early Undifferentiated)Old NuristaniVedic Dialects (Ṛgvedic Undifferentiated) - Fragmentarily attested in the Śākhā samhitās
1500 BCE
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12
1250 BCE
1250 BCE
13
Vedic Dialects (Ṛgvedic Śākhā-Saṃhitās / Other Vedic Saṃhitās) - Partly attested
14
1000 BCE
OthersEarly-MedianEarly-Old-PersianOld-Avestan
1000 BCE
15
Middle-Vedic Dialects (Brāhmaṇa Sanskrit Continuum) - Regional Dialects - Partly attested
16
800 BCE800 BCE
17
OthersMiddle-MedianMiddle Old-PersianMiddle-Avestan
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600 BCELate Vedic (Classical Sanskrit Continuum) - Regional Dialects (well-attested)600 BCE
19
OthersLate-MedianLate Old-PersianYoung-Avestan
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400 BCE400 BCE
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OthersMiddle-Persian DialectsPost-AvestanMiddle NuristaniPost-Classical NW Janapada dialects (Spoken language underlying Aśokan Gāndhārī)Post-Classical SW Janapada dialects (Spoken language underlying Pāli & Aśokan Girnar (Māgadhī)Post-Classical NC Janapada dialects (Spoken language underlying Aśokan Kalsi)Post-Classical E Janapada dialects (Spoken language underlying Aśokan Kalingan)
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200 BCE200 BCE
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0 CESpoken Languages underlying Paiśācī PrākṛtaSpoken Languages underlying Mahārāṣṭrī & Māgadhī PrākṛtaSpoken Languages underlying Śaurasenī PrākṛtaSpoken Languages underlying Gauḍī Prākṛta0 CE
25
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200 CE200 CE
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Early ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly ApabhraṃśasEarly Apabhraṃśas
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500 CE500 CE
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Modern NuristaniLate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIALate Apabhraṃśas /Early NIA
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800 CE800 CE
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35
1100 CEKashmiri, Shina, PahadiPunjabi & SeraikiGujarati & SindhiMarathiWestern Hindi Continuum (Western-UP)Eastern Hindi Continuum (Eastern UP & Bihar)Bengali & AssameseOdia etc1100 CE
36
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38
1400 CEOthersFarsiDari, Tajik etc
Pashto, Balochi etc
1400 CE
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