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Partial BudgetOrange cells are inputs for the sensitivity analysis
Crop & Livestock Automatic Calculations
Partial Budget: GainsTotal # of head sold, over all classesPartial Budget: Costs
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START HERE!
CROPS CALCULATIONS - 2024: corn $4.40, soybean $11, wheat $5.52, hay $140
Total working acres
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Companion document
Corn, soybean, and wheat prices per bushel are USDA estimates for 2024.
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Enter numbers from your farm in columns B through F, or use a number within the Typical Range.
Hay price per ton in large round bales is based on average 2024 prices
1097121
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Don't worry about getting things exact. Put in your best top-of-mind estimate.
The sensitivity analysis tabs will show what happens if crop prices change.
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You can change numbers later if you decide they should be different.
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If a cell is grayed out, don't enter anything there.
Livestock Added Income from Sales$$ per acre$ per head soldLivestock Added Costs$$ per acre$ per head sold
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It is fine to leave a line blank or enter zero if it doesn't apply to you.
Custom-raising$46,300$42$383Total livestock direct costs, B72$125,352$114$1,036
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All numbers should be per year, for a typical year.
Sale of feeders & heavy feeders$137,500$125$1,136
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Crops for grain# AcresYield, bu/acTypical RangeTotal cropped acres (not including tillable or untillable perennial pasture)536Sale of fed cattle, $ over basis$0$0$0
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Corn for grain137180175 - 220 bu/acTotal tillable acres536Sale of fed cattle from own herd$17,094$16$141
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Soybeans1234540 - 55 bu/acCorn potential income$108,504Sale of cull animals$8,788$8$73
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Small grains905550 - 80 bu/acSoybean potential income$60,885Sale of breeding stock$23,207$21$192
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Other annual crops harvested for grain or seed10Other oilseed potential incomeSubtotal added income:$232,889$212$1,925
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All annual crops that are also cover-cropped1Small grain potential income$27,324
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Other annual crops potential income$0Reduced Crop Costs due to Livestock Enterprises$$ per acre$ per head soldReduced Crop Income due to Livestock Enterprises$$ per acre$ per head sold
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Crops for forage# AcresYield, tons/acTypical RangeHay, haylage, baleage potential income$59,500Less crop production cost over & above the cost of hay production on tillable perennial forage acres: crop costs per acre x # of acres x 48% (FINBIN 2021-2023)$37,187$34$307Opportunity cost of grain fed to animals instead of sold: J58$8,501$8$70
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hay1702.52 - 4 tons/acPotential crop gross income$256,213Value of manure as fertilizer; dry tons/year x $45/ton


$14,228$13$118Opportunity cost of potential crop sales from annual-cropped acres grazed or harvested for feed (includes corn silage, annual crops harvested for forage)$2,380$2$20
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perennial forage for haylage, baleage (may also be pastured)00Actual crop gross income (Potential crop gross income less amount of grain and hay fed instead of sold)$212,574Value of soil retained on tillable acres not annual-cropped; 2.2 tons/acre/year x $10.17/ton x # acres$3,804$3$31Opportunity cost of potential crop sales from all tillable perennial forage acres (includes hay, perennial forage for haylage or baleage, tillable pasture)$67,421$61$557
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annuals for haylage, baleage40Crop gross income per cropped acre$397Value of soil retained on row-cropped acres that are also cover-cropped; 1.5 tons/acre/year x $10.17/ton x # acres$15$0$0Do not calculate an opportunity cost for untillable pastured acres.
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Corn silage220 to 30 tons/acAll crop expenses$244,269$0$0
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Annuals for grazing (such as forage corn or sorghum-sudangrass)0Crop expenses per cropped acre$456Subtotal reduced crop costs:$55,234$50$456Subtotal reduced crop income:$78,302$71$647
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Perennial hay+pasture that would be tillable01.52 - 4 tons/acNet gain or loss of crops enterprises over all cropped acres-$31,695
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Permanent pasture that is not tillable561Potential crop income if all tillable acres are in corn or soybeans and all crops are sold$470,340Subtotal gains due to livestock:$288,123$263$2,381Subtotal losses due to livestock:$203,654$186$1,683
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Potential crop income per tillable acre$878Net gain or loss due to livestock:$84,469$77$698
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Crop ExpensesNet gain or loss due to crop enterprises:-$31,695-$29-$262
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You can enter expenses by category, OR just enter total crop expenses in line 39, whichever is easier.
LIVESTOCK CALCULATIONSNet gail or loss due to livestock + crops:$52,775$48$436-$31,695-$29-$262
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We're only going to use the total. Value of manuretons manure/yr$ valueOther farm income:$43,387$40$359
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Direct Expense Category$Cow/calf herd: 102 lbs/head/day, 12% DM268.1$12,062.52Total farm net gain or loss:$96,162$88$795
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Salaries$0Custom-grazed: 45 lbs/head/day, 12% DM38.1$1,713.15References:
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Depreciation$0Heavy feeders: 45 lbs/head/day, 8% DM0.0$0.00
Ecotone Analytics Technical Document for Green Lands Blue Waters, p. 48, "Avoided Soil Erosion from Water"
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Land rent$0Fed cattle: 54 lbs/head/day, 8% DM4.5$204.12
https://greenlandsbluewaters.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GLBW-Technical-Document.pdf
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Seed$0Breeding stock: 54 lbs/head/day, 8% DM5.5$248.35Corn belt annual soil loss per acre, 3.9 tons
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Fertilizer$0Other livestock class*
(lbs/day x % DM x # head x days/yr)/2000
$0.00
Loss reduction due to cover crops & forage, 56%
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Chemicals$0Totals316.2$14,228.14
3.9 tons x 0.56 = 2.2 tons retained on forage fields
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Custom operations$0* If using "other livestock class," you will need to determine a reasonable estimate for amount of manure per animal per day and % dry matter (DM), then use the formula to calculate tons of manure/year
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Machinery/equipment$0Calculating manure in dry tons:
How much manure from animals?
Estimate if cover cropped fields are also row-cropped:
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All other expenses$244,269Value of manure calculations
1.5 tons of soil retained on row-cropped + cover cropped fields
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TOTAL CROP EXPENSES$244,269
Range: $389 to $852 per cropped acre. Median: $589 per cropped acre.
(lbs wet manure/day x % DM x # animals x # days)/2000
Nutrient value of retained soil = $10.17/ton
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Manure value is estimated at $45/dry ton
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LIVESTOCK
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Again, enter your best top-of-mind estimate and don't worry about being exact.
Grain fed instead of sold
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Livestock class# head# days on farm per year# days fed grain per year (include creep feed)# days fed hay, haylage, etc. per year
Grain consumption by livestock class estimated from Extension publications (below)
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Cow/calf pairs1203650160
Breeding stock are assumed to be fed the same as heavy feeders.
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Example scenario: 180 days grazed; 0 days fed grain; 185 days fed hay, haylage, etc.
Bushel weights: 56 lbs/bu corn, 60 lbs/bu soybeans.
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Livestock class# head$/head/day# days on farm per year# days fed grain per year# days fed hay, haylage, etc. per year
Price assumptions: $6/bu corn, $15/bu soybeans
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Custom-grazed cattle 473.28300100100Livestock classbushels of grain$ value
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Example scenario: 240 days grazed; 180 days fed grain; 60 days fed hay, haylage, etc.
Cow/calf pairs: 2 lbs shelled corn/day0.0$0
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Livestock class# head sold$/head sold# days on farm per year# days fed grain per year# days fed hay, haylage, etc. per yearCustom-grazed: 5 lbs shelled corn/day419.6$2,518
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Feeder calves (400 - 700 lbs)100$1,375(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)Heavy feeders: 7 lbs shelled corn/head/day0.0$0
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Heavy feeders (700 - 900 lbs)0$0000Heavy feeders: 1 lb soybeans/head/day0.0$0
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Fed cattle from purchased calves; use $/head over cost or basis0$0000Feedlot cattle: 20.2 lbs shelled corn/head/day757.5$4,545
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Fed cattle from own herd7$2,4423003000Feedlot cattle: 1.54 lbs soybeans/head/day53.9$809
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Cull cows6$1,220(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)Breeding stock: 7 lbs shelled corn/head/day78.8$473
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Cull bulls1$1,468(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)(included in cow/calf)Breeding stock: 1 lb soybeans/head/day10.5$158
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Breeding stock7$3,3153659090Other livestock class: make your own estimate of lbs corn/head/day$0
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Other livestock class0$0000Other livestock class: make your own estimate of lbs soybean/head/day$0
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Example scenario, Heavy feeders: 60 days grazed; 75 days fed grain; 15 days fed hay, haylage, etc.
Total value of grain fed instead of sold:$8,501
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Example scenario, Fed cattle, seasonal feedlot: 0 days grazed, 175 days fed grain; 175 days fed hay, haylage, etc.
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Example scenario, Fed cattle, year-round feedlot: 0 days grazed; 365 days fed grain; 365 days fed hay, haylage, etc.
Hay fed instead of sold
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Hay consumption by livestock class estimated from Extension publications (below)
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Livestock Expenses
Breeding stock are assumed to be fed the same as heavy feeders.
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You can enter expenses by category, OR just enter total livestock expenses in line 76, whichever is easier.
Hay amounts are on as as-fed basis, assuming 12% moisture.
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It is fine to leave a line blank or enter zero if it doesn't apply to you.
All forage fed is assumed to be hay for purposes of these calculations.
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We are only going to use the total. Price assumption: $140/ton
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Livestock Direct Expenses$Livestock classtons of hay$ value
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Purchased feed$0Cow/calf pairs: 45 lbs hay/head/day432.0$60,480
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Pasture forage maintenance$0Custom-grazed: 28 lbs hay/head/day65.8$9,212
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Labor$0Heavy feeders: 7 lbs hay/head/day0.0$0
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Machinery/equipment$0Feedlot cattle: 0 lbs hay/head/day0.0$0
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Veterinary expenses$0Breeding stock: 7 lbs hay/head/day2.2$309
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Fence $0Other livestock class: make your own estimate of lbs hay/head/day$0
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Watering system$0Total hay fed instead of sold500.0$70,001
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Housing$0
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All other livestock direct costs$125,352
Livestock costs will be calculated per head sold, regardless of # of head present.
References:
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TOTAL $125,352
Range: $406 to $1,632 per head sold. Median: $847 per head sold.
Milk EPD and creep feed intake. August 2024, Volume 15, Issue 2
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Purchased feed$31,694
Correction factor for farm-raised feed:
1.1
Patrick Wall, ISU extension beef specialist,
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Other Farm Income$0
(Assume purchased feed is 10% cheaper than farm-raised)
and Dacia Schoulte, IBC communications intern
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Crop subsidies or insurance $0
https://www.iowabeefcenter.org/gb/2024/August2024MilkEPD.html
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Conservation payments$0
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Patronage dividends$0
Dry Matter Intake for Beef Cattle. Beef Cattle Handbook. D.W. Swanson, D.L. Hixon.
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Custom work for others$0
https://www.iowabeefcenter.org/bch/DryMatterIntake.pdf
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Stipends or honorariums$0
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All other farm income$43,387
Backgrounding calves part 2: Herd Health & Feeding. H. B. Sewell, V. E. Jacobs, J. R. Gerrish
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TOTAL $43,387
Range: $0 to $128,000
Table 4: Ration for 500-pound steer to gain 2.0 pounds daily (pounds per head per day)
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https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g2096. 1993
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Partial Budgeting: A Tool to Analyze Farm Business Changes
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Iowa State University : https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/wholefarm/html/c1-50.html
Ration formulation for growing cattle. 2021.
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https://extension.psu.edu/ration-formulation-for-growing-cattle
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The Match Made in Heaven project seeks to understand the state of the art of livestock and crop integration on farms in the Upper Mississippi River Basin.
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This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement number 2021-38640-34714 Am 3 through the North Central Region SARE program under project number LNC21-453. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Green Lands Blue Waters and partners are conducting essential research, improving the genetics of old and new crops, translating knowledge into Continuous Living Cover farming systems, developing new extension and outreach capacity, working in farm fields, shaping policy, building profitable markets for new crops, and changing the narrative around what’s possible through agriculture. The value of Continuous Living Cover farming comes in yields and profits, but also in improved soil health, cleaner water, new economic opportunities, diverse agricultural communities, more wildlife, reduced risk, and resiliency in the face of a changing climate. glbw@umn.edu | 612-625-3709 | www.greenlandsbluewaters.org
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