reading list Approved Books

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J
1	number	Author	Title	Suggested by	Category	Country	Description	Paired reading suggestions

2	1	Abagnale, Frank	Catch Me If You Can	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	USA	Former con man Frank Abagnale, an authority on financial foul play, tells stories of the adventures he had while living the high life as a criminal.
3	2	Abdullah, Zain	Black Mecca: The African Muslims of Harlem	Audrey's article	Anthropology/Society	USA
4	3	Alexander, Eben	Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey into the Afterlife	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine		Dr. Alexander’s story of an illness and a near-death experience that changed this skeptic’s philosophy of health
5	4	Alexander, Michelle	The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness	Audrey's article	Anthropology/Society	USA
6	5	Allison, Jay	This I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Remarkable Men and Women	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	USA	A collection of eighty essays exploring the personal beliefs of a diverse assortment of contributors, both famous and unknown, includes selections from such notables as Isabel Allende, Colin Powell, John Updike, John McCain, William F. Buckley, Rick Moody, and others who reflect on their faith, the evolution of their beliefs, and how they express them.
7	6	Almond, Steve	CandyFreak: A Journey Through the Chocolate Underbelly of America	AP Reading list	Economics/Business	USA	A self-proclaimed candy fanatic and lifelong chocoholic traces the history of some of the much-loved candies from his youth, describing the business practices and creative candy-making techniques of some of the small companies.
8	7	Ambrose, Stephen E.	Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the West	AP Reading list	History	USA	Chronicles the experiences of Meriwether Lewis, the man chosen by President Jefferson to lead a voyage from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, discusses the experiences of those who took part in the expedition, and tells of the leading political, scientific, and military figures involved in the mapping of the American West.
9	8	Anderson, M.T.	Symphony for the City of the Dead : Dmitri Shostakovich and the Siege of Leningrad	AP Reading list	History	Asia	An account of the Siege of Leningrad reveals the role played by Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich and his Leningrad Symphony in rallying and commemorating their fellow citizens.
10	9	Applebaum, Anne	Gulag: a history (2004)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Russia
11	10	Arana, Marie	American Chica: Two Worlds, One Childhood	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	Latin America	The author discusses her childhood as the daughter of a Peruvian father and American mother, and recalls the challenges she faced trying to reconcile her two cultures after moving to the United States.
12	11	Aristide, Jean-Bertrand	In the Parish of the Poor: Writings from Haiti	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Haiti
13	12	Aristotle	Poetics	Sewanee Uni reading list	Philosophy/Literature	Greece
14	13	Aronson, Marc	Race: A History Beyond Black and White	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	Clear, fast-paced prose explores Western civilization throughout history, highlighting along the way not only the different forms that racial prejudice has taken, but the way in which it has manifested itself in the politics, philosophies, and beliefs of each group of people.
15	14	Arthur, Charles	Hait in Focus: a Guide to the People, Politics and Culture	Social Justice reading list	anthropology/Society	Haiti
16	15	Aslan, Reza	Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth	AP Reading list	Religion	Middle East	Detailed, thoroughly-researched Biography/Memoir that “challenges long-held assumptions”
17	16	Baldwin, James	The Fire Next Time (non fiction)	American novels list	biography/Memoir
18	17	Barabasi Albert Laszlo	Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine		Discusses how patterns of human behavior follow scientifically predictable laws, covering how the digital evidence people leave behind, such as e-mails, time-stamped texts, and voice mails, contribute to data that reveals people's tendency toward "bursty" activity followed by periods of almost nothing, and includes examples from nature and society on a broad level.
19	18	Barber, Benjamin R.	Jihad Vs. McWorld	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society		A study of how democracy is suffering from the forces of consumerist capitalism, which has broken down the borders between countries, creating a global village of communications, information, entertainment, and commerce; and religious and tribal fundamentalism, which is splintering the world into small, intolerant factions.
20	19	Barry, Dave	Dave Barry Is Not Taking This Sitting Down	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	USA	In a hilarious compilation of syndicated columns, the author of Dave Barry Turns 50 takes on the dangers of improperly sized brassieres, low-flow toilets, day trading, school science fairs, the IRS, the airlines, pine sap transfusions for tired Christmas trees, and more. Reprint.
21	20	Barry, John M.	Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927and How It Changed America	AP Reading list	History	USA	Best-selling author explores highly-charged incidents in American history
22	21	Barry, John M.	Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul: Church, State and the Birth of Liberty	AP Reading list	History	USA	Best-selling author explores highly-charged incidents in American history
23	22	Barry, John M.	The Great Influenza:TheStory of the Deadliest Pandemic in History	AP Reading list	History	USA	Best-selling author explores highly-charged incidents in American history
24	23	Barry, John M.	Power Plays: Politics, Football, and Other Blood Sports	AP Reading list	Sports	USA	An Examination of the causes and effect of the pursuit of power in the arenas of the media, politics, and even college football. Award winning and NYT Bestselling author.
25	24	Bascomb, Neal	The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less than Four Minutes to Achieve it.	AP Reading list	Sports	Europe	A stirring account of athleticism in the face of adversity follows the remarkable journey of three young men-John Landy, Wes Santee, and Roger Bannister-who suffered defeat at the Helsinki Olympics in 1952 but nevertheless vowed to break the four-minute mile, training tirelessly to accomplish their goal.
26	25	Beah, Ishmael	A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	Africa	Ishmael Beah describes his experiences after he was driven from his home by war in Sierra Leone and picked up by the government army at the age of thirteen, serving as a soldier for three years before being removed from fighting by UNICEF and eventually moving to the United States.
27	26	Beals, Melba Pattillo	Warriors Don't Cry: A Searing Memoir of the Battle to Integrate Little Rock's Central High	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	USA	A riveting true story of an embattled teenager who paid for integration with her innocence. Beals chronicles her harrowing junior year at Central High where she underwent the segregationists' brutal organized campaign of terrorism which included telephone threats, vigilante stalkers, economic blackmailers, rogue police, and much more.
28	27	Becker, Ernest	The Denial of Death (1974)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	Anthropology/Society
29	28	Bell, Beverly	Walking on Fire: Haitian Women's Stories of Survival and Resistance	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Carribean
30	29	Berendt, John	Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil	AP Reading list	True Crime	USA	Shots rang out in Savannah's grandest mansion in the misty,early morning hours of May 2, 1981. Was it murder or self-defense? For nearly a decade, the shooting and its aftermath reverberated throughout this hauntingly beautiful city of moss-hung oaks and shaded squares. John Berendt's sharply observed, suspenseful, and witty narrative reads like a thoroughly engrossing novel, and yet it is a work of nonfiction. Berendt skillfully interweaves a hugely entertaining first-person account of life in this isolated remnant of the Old South with the unpredictable twists and turns of a landmark murder case.
31	30	Bernstein, Carl	All the President's Men	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	This is the book that changed America. Published just months before President Nixon’s resignation, All the President’s Men revealed the full scope of the scandal and introduced for the first time the mysterious “Deep Throat.” Beginning with the story of a simple burglary at Democratic headquarters and then continuing through headline after headline, Bernstein and Woodward deliver a riveting firsthand account of their reporting. Their explosive reports won a Pulitzer Prize for The Washington Post, toppled the president, and have since inspired generations of reporters.
32	31	Bishop, Bill	Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America is Tearing Us Apart	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	America may be more diverse than ever coast to coast, but the places where we live are becoming increasingly crowded with people who live, think, and vote as we do. We've built a country where we can all choose the neighborhood-and church and news show-most compatible with our lifestyle and beliefs. And we are living with the consequences of this way-of-life segregation. Our country has become so polarized, so ideologically inbred, that people don't know and can't understand those who live just a few miles away. The reason for this situation, and the dire implications for our country, is the subject of this groundbreaking work.
33	32	Bissinger, H. G.	Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream	AP Reading list	Sports	USA	Follows the 1988 season of the Permian Panthers, a high school football team in Odessa, Texas, exploring the lives of the players and the impact of the championship team on the small town.
34	33	Bix, Herbert	Hirohito and the Making of the Modern Japan (2001)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Asia
35	34	Blackmon, Douglas	Slavery by any other name… (2009)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History
36	35	Bolden, Tonya	33 Things Every Girl Schould Know About Women's History	Feminist must read list	History
37	36	Bowen, Catherine Drinker	Miracle at Philadelphia: The Storyof the Constitutional Convention, May to September 1787	AP Reading list	History	USA	A history of the Federal Convention at Philadelphia in 1787 that produced the Constitution of the United States.
38	37	Bowers, Richard	Superman Versus the Ku Klux Klan	AP Reading list	History	USA	This book tells a group of intertwining stories that culminate in the historic 1947 collision of the Superman Radio Show and the Ku Klux Klan. It is the story of the two Cleveland teenagers who invented Superman as a defender of the little guy and the New York wheeler-dealers who made him a major media force. It is the story Ku Klux Klan's development from a club to a huge money-making machine powered by the powers of fear and hate and of the folklorist who--along with many other activists-- took on the Klan by wielding the power of words. Above all, it tells the story of Superman himself--a modern mythical hero and an embodiment of the cultural reality of his times--from the Great Depression to the present.
39	38	Bradley, James	Flags of Our Fathers: Heroes of Iwo Jima	AP Reading list	History	Pacific	James Bradley examines the lives of the six young men who raised the American flag over Iwo Jima in February 1945 and were immortalized by a famous photograph--one of whom was Bradley's father (adapted for young people).
40	39	Bradley, James	Flyboys: A True Story of Courage	AP Reading list	History	Pacific	Over the remote Pacific island of Chichi Jima, nine American flyers--Navy and Marine airmen sent to bomb Japanese communications towers there--were shot down. One of those nine was miraculously rescued by a U.S. Navy submarine. The others were captured and held by Japanese soldiers on Chichi Jima and held prisoner. Then they disappeared.
41	40	Brooks, Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson	unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society		Guide to seeing through 21st century media spin by the founders of FactCheck.org
42	41	Brown, Daniel James	Boys in the Boat: Nine Americans and Their Epic Quest for Gold at the 1936 Olympics	AP Reading list	Sports	Europe	Tells how in 1936 the University of Washington's eight-oar crew, composed of the sons of loggers, shipyard workers, and farmers who had mastered collegiate rowing, went on to the Berlin Olympics where they defeated Adolf Hitler's German team to achieve the Olympic gold medal.
43	42	Brumberg, Joan	The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls	Feminist must read list	anthropology/Society
44	43	Bryson, Bill	One Summer: America, 1927	AP Reading list	History	USA	Account of an eventful season that includes Babe Ruth, Al Capone, Charles Lindbergh, and Calvin Coolidge
45	44	Bryson, Bill	Short History of Nearly Everything	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine		Nature and science writer Bill Bryson examines some of mysteries of science, and attempts to understand not only what scientists know, but how they know it. Covers the creation of the universe, the size of the Earth, the origins of life, and other topics.
46	45	Bugliosi, Vincent	Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	Written by the lead prosecuting attorney, this book recounts the horrific crimes committed by Charles Manson and four of his followers
47	46	Butler, Robert Olen	Why Survive? Being Old in America (1976)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	Anthropology/Society	USA
48	47	Cadet, Jean-Robert	Restavec: From Haitian Slave-child to Middle-class American	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Caribbean
49	48	Cahalan, Susannah	Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine	USA	A twenty-two-year-old reporter’s memoir of suffering from a rare brain disease that opened research in the medical community
50	49	Cain, Susan	Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World that Can't Stop Talking.	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society		Explores the role introverts play in a world that is geared towards those who enjoy communicating with others and offers practical suggestions at how introverts can make sure their message is heard.
51	50	Caleel, Richard	Surgeon!: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Doctor	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine	USA	A must read for anyone interested in the medical profession
52	51	Capote, Truman	In Cold Blood	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	On November 15, 1959, in the small town of Holcomb, Kansas, four members of the Clutter family were savagely murdered by blasts from a shotgun held a few inches from their faces. There was no apparent motive for the crime, and there were almost no clues.
53	52	Clinton, Hillary	It Takes a Village	Rory Gilmore's reading list	biography/Memoir
54	53	Clinton, Hillary	Living History	Rory Gilmore's reading list	anthropology/Society
55	54	Coates, Ta-Nehisi	Between the World and Me	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	For Ta-Nehisi Coates, history has always been personal. At every stage of his life, he's sought in his explorations of history answers to the mysteries that surrounded him--most urgently, why he, and other black people he knew, seemed to live in fear. What were they afraid of? Coates takes readers along on his journey through America's history of race and its contemporary resonances through a series of awakenings--moments when he discovered some new truth about our long, tangled history of race, whether through his myth-busting professors at Howard University, a trip to a Civil War battlefield with a rogue historian, a journey to Chicago's South Side to visit aging survivors of 20th century America's 'long war on black people,' or a visit with the mother of a beloved friend who was shot down by the police.
56	55	Coles, Robert	Children of the Crisis, Vols II and III (1973)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	anthropology/Society
57	56	Coll, Steve	Ghost Wars (2005)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History
58	57	Collett, Anne	Swimming with Giants: My Encounters with Wales, Dolphins and Seals	Rory Gilmore's reading list	Environmental/Health Issues
59	58	Conway, Jill K.	The Road from Coorain	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	Australia	The memoirs of Jill Conway and her journey into adulthood from a 30,000 acre sheep ranch in Coorain, Australia, to America where she became the first woman president of Smith College.
60	59	Cornwell, Patricia	Portrait of a Killer	AP Reading list	True Crime	Great Britain	In Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper, Case Closed, Cornwell combines the rigorous discipline of twenty-first century police investigation with forensic techniques undreamed of during the late Victorian era to solve one of the most infamous and difficult serial murder cases in history. Drawing on unparalleled access to original Ripper evidence, documents, and records, as well as archival, academic, and law-enforcement resources, FBI profilers, and top forensic scientists, Cornwell reveals that Jack the Ripper was none other than a respected painter of his day, an artist now collected by some of the world’s finest museums: Walter Richard Sickert.
61	60	Cose, Ellis	Color-Blind: Seeing Beyond Race in a Race-Obsessed World	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	Draws on the author's personal experiences from other countries and his observations and studies concerning America looking at the current state of race relations in this country and illuminates options for a race-neutral, discrimination free society to develop and flourish.
62	61	Critser, Greg	Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World	Rory Gilmore's reading list	anthropology/Society
63	62	Cullen, Dave	Columbine	AP Reading list	True Crime	USA	Provides an account of the shootings at Colorado's Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, focusing on the teenage killers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, drawing from interviews, police files, psychological studies, and writings and tapes by the boys to look at the signs they left that disaster was looming.
64	63	Davis, David Brion	The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (1967)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	anthropology/Society
65	64	De Graaf, John	Affluenza: the All-Consuming Epidemic	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	Uses the metaphor of a disease to explore how society has been affected by Americans' obsessive quest for material gain.
66	65	Dedman, Bill and Clark Newell, Jr.	Empty Mansions: The Mysterious Life of Haguette Clark and the Spending of a Great American Fortune	AP Reading list	History	USA	Account of a reclusive heiress that spans from the Gilded Age of the 1800s to the 21st century and a mysterious history of her family and fortune
67	66	Di Maio, Vincent	Morgue: a Life in Death	AP Reading list	Science/Medicine		Dr. Vincent Di Maio, a veteran medical examiner, explores the complicated forensic cases of the lives of Lee Harvey Oswald to the complex shooting of Trayvon Martin.
68	67	Diamond, Jared	Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Society (1998)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Pacific	An intriguing study of the rise of civilization argues that human development is not based on race or ethnic differences but rather is linked to biological diversity, discussing the evolution of agriculture, technology, writing, political systems, and religious belief
69	68	Dillard, Annie	Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (1975)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History
70	69	Dower, John W	Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of WWII (2000)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Asia
71	71	Dubois, W.E.B.	the Souls of Black Folk	Social Justice reading list	anthropology/Society	USA
72	72	Dubos, Rene Jules	So Human an Animal (1969)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction
73	73	Durant, Will and Ariel	Rousseau and Revolution, The Tenth and Concluding Volume of the Story of Civilization (1968)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Europe
74	74	Egan, Timothy	Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl	AP Reading list	History	USA	Presents an oral history of the dust storms that devastated the Great Plains during the Depression, following several families and their communities in their struggle to persevere despite the devastation.
75	75	Ehrenreich, Barbara	Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	In an attempt to understand the lives of Americans earning near-minimum wages, Ehrenreich works as a waitress in Florida, a cleaning woman in Maine, and a sales clerk in Minnesota.
76	76	Ehrenreich, Barbara	Nickle and Dimed	Rory Gilmore's reading list
77	77	Elkins, Caroline	Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya (2006)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Africa
78	78	Emecheta, Buchi	The Joys of Motherhood	Social Justice reading list		USA
79	79	Erikson, Erik H.	Ghandi's Truth (1970)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Asia
80	80	Fanon, Frantz	The Wretched of the Earth	Audrey's article
81	81	Fanon, Franz	Wretched of the Earth	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Caribbean
82	82	Farmer, Paul	Haiti After the Earthquake	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Caribbean
83	83	Farmer, Paul	The Uses of Haiti	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Caribbean
84	84	Finkel, Michael	The Stranger in the Woods: The Extraordinary Story of the Last True Hermit	AP Reading list	Biography/Memoir	USA	In 1986, twenty-year-old Christopher Knight left his home in Massachusetts, drove to Maine, and disappeared into the woods. He would not have a conversation with another human being until nearly three decades later when he was arrested for stealing food. Living in a tent even in winter, he had survived by his wits and courage, developing ingenious ways to store food and water, to avoid freezing to death. He broke into nearby cottages for food, clothes, reading material, and other provisions, taking only what he needed, but terrifying a community never able to solve the mysterious burglaries. Based on extensive interviews with Knight himself, this is a vividly detailed account of the why and how of his secluded life-as well as the challenges he has faced returning to the world. A riveting story of survival that asks fundamental questions about solitude, community, and what makes a good life, and a deeply moving portrait of a man who was determined to live his own way, and succeeded.
85	85	Fitzgerald, Frances	Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam (1974)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Asia
86	86	Foer, Franklin	How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization	AP Reading list	Sports	Global	A surprising tour through the world of soccer, shining a spotlight on the clash of civilizations, the international economy, and just about everything in between.
87	87	Frankel, Viktor E.	Man’s Search for Meaning	AP Reading list	History	Europe	Psychiatrist’s memoir of life in Nazi death camps and its lessons for spiritual survival. Has sold more than 10 million copies in twenty-four languages. Listed in a Library of Congress survey as among top ten books that made a difference in people’s lives.
88	88	Franklin, Benjamin	Autobiography	Sewanee Uni reading list
89	89	Freedman, Estelle	The essential Feminist Reader	Feminist must read list
90	90	Freedman, Martin	A Monetary History of the United States	Rory Gilmore's reading list
91	91	Freinkel, Susan	Plastic: A Toxic Love Story	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	USA	Plastic built the modern world. Where would we be without bike helmets, baggies, toothbrushes, and pacemakers? But a century into our love affair with plastic, we’re starting to realize it’s not such a healthy relationship. Plastics draw on dwindling fossil fuels, leach harmful chemicals, litter landscapes, and destroy marine life. As journalist Susan Freinkel points out in this engaging and eye-opening book, we’re nearing a crisis point. We’ve produced as much plastic in the past decade as we did in the entire twentieth century. We’re drowning in the stuff, and we need to start making some hard choices.		Recycling	Plastic
92	92	Freire, Paolo	Pedagogue of the Opressed	Social Justice reading list	Anthropology/Society	Latin America
93	93	Friedlander, Saul	The yeard of extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 (2008)	Pulitzer Prize Non-Fiction	History	Europe
94	94	Friedman, Thomas	Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	Global	A foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times offers an incisive look at globalization from a social, economic, political, and cultural perspective and assesses the impact of this trend both at home and abroad.
95	95	Friedman, Thomas	Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution – and How It Can Renew America	AP Reading list	Environmental/Health Issues		Explores the decline of our planet because of global warming and overcrowding and offers solutions to the downward trend. Pulitzer Prize winning author.
96	96	Friedman, Thomas L.	The World is Flat	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society		In The World Is Flat, Friedman shows "how and why globalization has now shifted into warp drive" (Robert Wright, Slate) and brilliantly demystifies the new flat world for readers, allowing them to make sense of the often bewildering scene unfolding before their eyes. He explains how the flattening of the world happened at the dawn of the twenty-first century; what it means to countries, companies, communities, and individuals; how governments and societies can, and must, adapt; and why terrorists want to stand in the way.
97	97	Gibbon, Edward	The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire	Rory Gilmore's reading list
98	98	Girard, Phillipe	Haiti: The Tumultuous History - From Pearl of the Carribean to the Broken Nation	Social Justice reading list	History	Caribbean
99	99	Gladwell, Malcolm	Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	Global	Presents a study of how people think without thinking, looking at the brain processes involved in making snap decisions, discussing why some people seem to have great instincts while others consistently choose unwisely, and examining ways to control the process.
100	100	Gladwell, Malcolm	David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants	AP Reading list	Anthropology/Society	Global	#1 best-selling author explores dynamics of our world in new ways