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KKindergarten11st Grade22nd Grade33rd Grade44th Grade55th Grade
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K.RIReading - Literature1.RLReading - Literature2.RLReading - Literature3.RLReading - Literature4.RLReading - Literature5.RLReading - Literature
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Reading LiteratureK.RL.01Ask and answer questions about key details1.RL.01Ask and answer questions about key details 2.RL.01Use who, what, where, when, why, and how to understand a text3.RL.01Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text4.RL.01Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining the text5.RL.01Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says
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K.RL.02Retell familiar stories with details1.RL.02Retell stories and demonstrate understanding of central message2.RL.02Recount fables and folktales from diverse cultures3.RL.02Recount stories and determine the central message through key details4.RL.02Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem; summarize the text5.RL.02Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details; summarize
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K.RL.03Identify characters, settings, and major events1.RL.03Describe characters, settings, and major events2.RL.03Describe how characters respond to major events and challenges3.RL.03Describe characters in a story4.RL.03Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama5.RL.03Compare two or more characters, settings, or events in a story or drama
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K.RL.04Ask and answer questions about unknown words1.RL.04Identify words and phrases that suggest feelings2.RL.04Describe how words and phrases supply rhythm and meaning3.RL.04Distinguish between literal from nonliteral language4.RL.04Determine the meaning of words and phrases used in a text5.RL.04Determine meanings of words and phrases including metaphors and similes
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K.RL.05Recognize common types of texts1.RL.05Explain differences between books of stories and books of information2.RL.05Describe the structure of a story3.RL.05Understand terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza4.RL.05Explain differences between poems, drama, and prose5.RL.05Explain how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together
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K.RL.06Name the author and illustrator1.RL.06Identify who is telling the story2.RL.06Acknowledge differences in the points of view of characters3.RL.06Distinguish their own point of view4.RL.06Compare the point of view of narrations like first- and third-person5.RL.06Describe how a narrator’s or speaker’s point of view influences events
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K.RL.07Describe the relationship of illustrations to a story1.RL.07Use illustrations and details to describe characters, setting, or events2.RL.07Use illustrations and text to understand characters, setting, or plot3.RL.07Explain how aspects of illustrations contribute to the words in a story4.RL.07Connect the text of a story or drama and the visual or oral presentation5.RL.07Analyze how multimedia elements contribute to meaning, tone, or beauty of text
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K.RL.09Compare adventures and experiences of characters1.RL.09Compare adventures and experiences of characters2.RL.09Compare two or more versions of the same story3.RL.09Compare themes, settings, and plots of stories by the same author4.RL.09Compare similar themes and topics in literature from different cultures5.RL.09Compare stories in the same genre on approaches to similar themes and topics
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K.RL.10Actively engage in group reading1.RL.10Read prose and poetry of appropriate complexity2.RL.10Read and comprehend literature, including stories and poetry3.RL.10Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry4.RL.10Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry5.RL.10Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry
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K.RIReading - Informational Text1.RIReading - Informational Text2.RIReading - Informational Text3.RIReading - Informational Text4.RIReading - Informational Text5.RIReading - Informational Text
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Reading InformationalK.RI.01Ask and answer questions about key details 1.RI.01Ask and answer questions about key details 2.RI.01Use who, what, where, when, why, and how to understand a text3.RI.01Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text4.RI.01Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says5.RI.01Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says
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K.RI.02Identify the main topic and retell key details1.RI.02Identify main topic and retell key details2.RI.02Identify the main topic(s) of a text3.RI.02Determine the main idea of a text and supporting details4.RI.02Determine the main idea of a text and how it is supported; summarize the text5.RI.02Determine main ideas of text and how they are supported by details; summarize
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K.RI.03Describe connections between pieces of information1.RI.03Describe the connection between two pieces of information2.RI.03Describe historical events, scientific ideas/concepts, or steps in a text3.RI.03Describe relationships between events using time, sequence, and cause/effect4.RI.03Explain concepts in historical, scientific, or technical texts5.RI.03Explain concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text
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K.RI.04Ask and answer questions about unknown words1.RI.04Ask and answer questions to clarify meanings of words and phrases2.RI.04Determine meanings of words and phrases in a text3.RI.04Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words4.RI.04Determine meanings of general academic and domain-specific words or phrases5.RI.04Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words
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K.RI.05Identify parts of a book1.RI.05Use various text features to locate key facts/information2.RI.05Use text features to locate key facts or information3.RI.05Use text features and search tools4.RI.05Describe the structure of events, ideas, concepts, or information in a text5.RI.05Compare the structure of events, ideas, or concepts in two or more texts
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K.RI.06Name the author and illustrator1.RI.06Distinguish between information provided by illustrations and words2.RI.06Identify the main purpose of a text3.RI.06Distinguish their own point of view4.RI.06Compare a firsthand and secondhand account of the same event or topic5.RI.06Analyze accounts of same event, noting important similarities and differences
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K.RI.07Describe the relationship of illustrations to the text1.RI.07Use illustrations and details to describe key ideas2.RI.07Explain how specific images clarify a text3.RI.07Use illustrations and the text to understand where, when, why, and how4.RI.07Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively5.RI.07Use a variety of sources to find an answer quickly or solve a problem
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K.RI.08Identify reasons an author gives to support points1.RI.08Identify reasons an author gives to support points2.RI.08Describe how reasons support specific points the author makes3.RI.08Describe the logical connection between sentences and paragraphs4.RI.08Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points5.RI.08Explain how an author uses evidence to support particular points
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K.RI.09Identify similarities and differences between two texts1.RI.09Identify similarities and differences between two texts2.RI.09Compare the most important points in two texts on the same topic3.RI.09Compare points and key details from two texts on same topic4.RI.09Integrate two texts on same topic to write or speak about the subject5.RI.09Use information from texts on a topic to write or speak about the topic
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K.RI.10Actively engage in group reading1.RI.10Read informational texts appropriately complex2.RI.10Read and comprehend history/social studies, science, and technical texts3.RI.10Read and comprehend informational texts4.RI.10Read and comprehend history/social studies, science, and technical texts5.RI.10Read and comprehend history/social studies, science, and technical texts
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K.RFReading - Foundational Skills1.RFReading - Foundational Skills2.RFReading - Foundational Skills3.RFReading - Foundational Skills4.RFReading - Foundational Skills5.RFReading - Foundational Skills
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Reading Foundational SkillsK.RF.01Understand the organization and basics of print1.RF.01Understand basic features of print2.RF.03Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills3.RF.03Apply grade-level phonics and word analysis in decoding words4.RF.03Apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding5.RF.03Apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding
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K.RF.01aFollow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page1.RF.01aRecognize features of a sentence2.RF.03aDistinguish long and short vowels3.RF.03aKnow the meaning of common prefixes and derivational suffixes4.RF.03aUse letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology5.RF.03aUse knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.
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K.RF.01bRecognize that spoken words are also written1.RF.02Understand spoken words, syllables, and sounds2.RF.03bKnow spelling-sound correspondences for common vowel teams3.RF.03bDecode words with common Latin suffixes4.RF.04Read with accuracy and fluency to support comprehension5.RF.04Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension
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K.RF.01cUnderstand that words are separated by spaces1.RF.02aDistinguish long from short vowel sounds2.RF.03cDecode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels3.RF.03cDecode multisyllable words4.RF.04aRead on-level text with purpose and understanding5.RF.04aRead on-level text with purpose and understanding
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K.RF.01dRecognize and name all upper- and lowercase letters1.RF.02bOrally produce single-syllable words by blending sounds2.RF.03dDecode words with prefixes and suffixes3.RF.03dRead irregularly spelled words4.RF.04bRead prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression5.RF.04bRead prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression
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K.RF.02Understand spoken words, syllables, and sounds1.RF.02cPronounce initial/medial vowel/final sounds when speaking2.RF.03eIdentify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondence3.RF.04Read with accuracy and fluency to support comprehension4.RF.04cUse context to confirm word recognition and understanding5.RF.04cUse context to confirm word recognition and understanding
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K.RF.02aRecognize and produce rhyming words1.RF.02dSegment spoken single-syllable words into individual sounds2.RF.03fRead irregularly spelled words3.RF.04aRead on-level text with understanding
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K.RF.02bCount, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables1.RF.03Know and apply grade-level phonics in decoding words2.RF.04Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency3.RF.04bRead prose and poetry orally
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K.RF.02cBlend and segment onsets and rimes of single-syllable words1.RF.03aKnow the spelling-sound correspondence for consonant digraphs2.RF.04aRead text with purpose and understanding3.RF.04cUse context to confirm word recognition and understanding
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K.RF.02dPronounce the initial/medial vowel/final sounds in 3-phoneme words1.RF.03bDecode one-syllable words2.RF.04bRead text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression
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K.RF.02eAdd or substitute individual sounds in one-syllable words1.RF.03cKnow final -e and common vowel team conventions for representing long vowel sounds.2.RF.04cUse context to self-correct word recognition and understanding
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K.RF.03Apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills1.RF.03dUnderstand every syllable has a vowel sound to determine syllables in words
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K.RF.03aDemonstrate knowledge of 1-to-1 letter-sound correspondences1.RF.03eDecode two-syllable words using basic patterns
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K.RF.03bAssociate the long & short sounds for the 5 major vowels1.RF.03fRead words with inflectional endings
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K.RF.03cRead common high-frequency words1.RF.03gRead grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words
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K.RF.03dDistinguish between similarly spelled words1.RF.04Read with accuracy and fluency for comprehension
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K.RF.04Read emergent-reader texts1.RF.04aRead on-level text
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1.RF.04bRead on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression
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1.RF.04cUse context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding
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K.WWriting1.WWriting2.WWriting3.WWriting4.WWriting5.WWriting
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WritingK.W.01Compose opinion pieces1.W.01Write opinion pieces2.W.01Write opinion pieces: introduce the topic, state and support the opinion3.W.01Write opinion pieces on topics, supporting a point of view4.W.01Write opinion pieces on topics, supporting a point of view5.W.01Write opinion pieces, supporting a point of view with reasons and information
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K.W.02Compose informative/explanatory texts1.W.02Write informative/explanatory texts2.W.02Write informative/explanatory text: introduce a topic, use facts to develop3.W.01aIntroduce the topic, state an opinion, and create an organizational structure4.W.01aIntroduce a topic clearly, state an opinion, and support the writer’s purpose5.W.01aIntroduce a topic, state opinion, and create structure to support the purpose
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K.W.03Narrate events in order1.W.03Write narratives and recount two or more appropriately sequenced events2.W.03Write narratives to recount a well- elaborated event3.W.01bProvide reasons to support opinion4.W.01bProvide reasons that are supported by facts and details5.W.01bProvide logically ordered reasons supported by facts and details
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K.W.05Respond to questions and suggestions and add details1.W.05Focus on a topic and respond to questions and suggestions from peers2.W.05Focus on a topic and strengthen writing by revising and editing3.W.01cUse linking words and phrases to connect opinion and reasons4.W.01cLink opinion and reasons using words and phrases5.W.01cLink opinion and reasons using words, phrases, and clauses
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K.W.06Explore tools to produce an publish1.W.06Use a variety of tools to produce and publish writing2.W.06Use a variety of tools to produce and publish writing3.W.01dProvide a concluding statement4.W.01dProvide a concluding statement related to the opinion presented5.W.01dProvide a concluding statement related to the opinion presented
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K.W.07Participate in shared research and writing1.W.07Participate in shared research and writing projects2.W.07Participate in shared research and writing projects3.W.02Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic4.W.02Write informative/explanatory texts to convey ideas and information5.W.02Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas clearly
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K.W.08Recall or gather information to answer questions1.W.08Recall or gather information to answer a question2.W.08Recall or gather information to answer a question3.W.02aIntroduce a topic and group related information together4.W.02aIntroduce a topic and group related information in paragraphs and sections5.W.02aIntroduce a topic, provide general focus, and group information logically
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3.W.02bDevelop topic with facts, definitions, and details4.W.02bDevelop the topic with facts, definitions, details, quotations, and examples5.W.02bDevelop the topic with facts, definitions, details, quotations, and examples
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3.W.02cUse linking words and phrases to connect ideas4.W.02cLink ideas within categories of information using words and phrases5.W.02cLink ideas within and across categories using words, phrases, and clauses
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3.W.02dProvide a concluding statement4.W.02dUse precise language and domain-specific vocabulary about the topic5.W.02dUse precise language and domain-specific vocabulary about the topic
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3.W.03Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences4.W.02eProvide a concluding statement related to the information presented5.W.02eProvide a concluding statement related to the information presented
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3.W.03aEstablish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters4.W.03Write narratives using effective technique, descriptive details, and sequences5.W.03Write narratives using effective technique, details, and clear sequences
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3.W.03bUse dialogue and descriptions of actions, thoughts, and feelings4.W.03aEstablish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters naturally5.W.03aEstablish a situation, introduce narrator and/or characters; organize naturally
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3.W.03cUse temporal words and phrases to signal event order4.W.03bUse dialogue and description to develop experiences and events5.W.03bUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, description, and pacing
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3.W.03dProvide a sense of closure4.W.03cUse a variety of transitional words and phrases5.W.03cUse a variety of transitional words, phrases, and clauses
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3.W.04Produce writing with development and organization appropriate to purpose4.W.03dUse sensory details to convey experiences and events5.W.03dUse sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely
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3.W.05Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and editing4.W.03eProvide a conclusion that follows the narrated experiences or events5.W.03eProvide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events
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3.W.06Use technology to produce and publish writing and collaborate with others4.W.04Develop and organize writing appropriate to task, purpose, and audience5.W.04Produce writing which is appropriate to task, purpose, and audience
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3.W.07Conduct short research projects4.W.05Develop and strengthen writing by planning, revising, and editing5.W.05Develop writing by planning, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach
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3.W.08Gather information from various sources and take brief notes4.W.06Use technology to produce and publish writing and collaborate with other5.W.06Use technology to produce and publish writing and to collaborate with others
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3.W.10Write routinely for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences4.W.07Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation5.W.07Conduct short research projects that use several sources to build knowledge
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4.W.08Gather information; take notes and categorize information and list sources5.W.08Gather information; summarize in notes and finished work, and provide sources
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4.W.09Draw evidence texts to support analysis, reflection, and research5.W.09Draw evidence from texts to support analysis, reflection, and research
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4.W.09aApply grade 4 Reading standards to literature5.W.09aApply grade 5 Reading standards to literature
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4.W.09bApply grade 4 Reading standards to informational texts5.W.09bApply grade 5 Reading standards to informational texts
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4.W.10Write routinely for various discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences5.W.10Write for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences
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K.SLSpeaking and Listening1.SLSpeaking and Listening2.SLSpeaking and Listening3.SLSpeaking and Listening4.SLSpeaking and Listening5.SLSpeaking and Listening
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Speaking and ListeningK.SL.01Participate in conversations1.SL.01Participate in collaborative conversations2.SL.01Participate in conversations with peers/adults in small/larger groups3.SL.01Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions4.SL.01Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions5.SL.01Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions
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K.SL.01aFollow agreed-upon rules1.SL.01aFollow agreed-upon rules2.SL.01aFollow agreed-upon rules for discussions3.SL.01aCome to discussions prepared4.SL.01aCome to discussions prepared5.SL.01aCome to discussions prepared; draw on that preparation explore ideas
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K.SL.01bContinue a conversation with multiple exchanges1.SL.01bBuild on others’ talk in conversations2.SL.01bBuild on others’ talk in conversations3.SL.01bFollow agreed-upon rules4.SL.01bFollow agreed-upon rules5.SL.01bFollow agreed-upon rules
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K.SL.02Understand information read aloud or presented orally1.SL.01cAsk questions to clear up any confusion2.SL.01cAsk for clarification and further explanation as needed3.SL.01cAsk questions, stay on topic, and link comments to the remarks of others4.SL.01cPose and respond to specific questions and make comments that contribute5.SL.01cPose and respond to questions by making comments that contribute
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K.SL.03Ask and answer questions in order to seek help1.SL.02Ask and answer questions about details in a text read aloud2.SL.02Recount key ideas from text read aloud or information presented orally3.SL.01dExplain ideas and understanding in light of the discussion4.SL.01dReview the key ideas and explain own ideas and understanding5.SL.01dReview the ideas expressed and draw conclusions from information gained
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K.SL.04Describe familiar people, places, things, and events1.SL.03Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says for clarification2.SL.03Ask and answer questions for clarification, comprehension, and more information3.SL.02Determine main ideas and supporting details of text presented in diverse media4.SL.02Paraphrase portions of a text read aloud or information from diverse media5.SL.02Summarize information presented in diverse media
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K.SL.05Add drawings to descriptions1.SL.04Describe things with details, expressing ideas and feelings2.SL.04Tell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts and details3.SL.03Ask and answer questions about information from a speaker4.SL.03Identify the evidence a speaker provides to support points5.SL.03Summarize points a speaker makes and how claims are supported by evidence
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K.SL.06Speak audibly and clearly1.SL.05Add visuals to descriptions when appropriate2.SL.05Create audio recordings of stories or poems3.SL.04Report on a topic, story, or experience speaking clearly at a good pace4.SL.04Tell a story, or an experience while speaking clearly at a good pace5.SL.04Report on a topic or present an opinion; speaking clearly at a good pace
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1.SL.06Produce complete sentences2.SL.06Produce complete sentences when appropriate3.SL.05Create engaging audio recordings of stories or poems4.SL.05Add audio recordings and visual displays to presentations5.SL.05Include multimedia components in presentations when appropriate
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3.SL.06Speak in complete sentences4.SL.06Differentiate contexts that call for formal English or informal discourse5.SL.06Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks
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K.LLanguage1.LLanguage2.LLanguage3.LLanguage4.LLanguage5.LLanguage
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LanguageK.L.01Use English grammar conventions when writing or speaking 1.L.01Demonstrate command of English grammar when writing or speaking2.L.01Demonstrate command English grammar when writing or speaking3.L.01Demonstrate command of English grammar when writing or speaking4.L.01Demonstrate command English grammar when writing or speaking5.L.01Demonstrate command of English grammar and when writing or speaking
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K.L.01aPrint many letters1.L.01aPrint all upper- and lowercase letters2.L.01aUse collective nouns3.L.01aExplain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs4.L.01aUse relative pronouns and relative adverbs5.L.01aExplain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections
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K.L.01bUse nouns and verbs1.L.01bUse common, proper, and possessive nouns2.L.01bForm and use frequent irregular plural nouns3.L.01bUse regular and irregular plural nouns4.L.01bUse the progressive verb tenses5.L.01bUse the perfect verb tenses
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K.L.01cForm regular plural nouns orally1.L.01cUse singular and plural nouns with matching verbs2.L.01cUse reflexive pronouns3.L.01cUse abstract nouns4.L.01cUse modal auxiliaries to convey various conditions5.L.01cUse verb tense to convey times, sequences, states, and conditions
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K.L.01dUnderstand and use question words1.L.01dUse personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns2.L.01dForm and use the past tense of frequent irregular verbs3.L.01dUse regular and irregular verbs4.L.01dOrder adjectives in sentences according to conventional patterns5.L.01dCorrect inappropriate shifts in verb tense
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K.L.01eUse frequently occurring prepositions1.L.01eUse verbs to convey past, present, and future2.L.01eUse adjectives and adverbs3.L.01eUse simple verb tenses4.L.01eUse prepositional phrases5.L.01eUse correlative conjunctions
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K.L.01fProduce and expand complete sentences1.L.01fUse frequently occurring adjectives2.L.01fProduce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences3.L.01fEnsure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement4.L.01fProduce complete sentences, correcting fragments and run-ons5.L.02Demonstrate capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing
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K.L.02Use correct capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing1.L.01gUse frequently occurring conjunctions2.L.02Demonstrate capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing3.L.01gUse comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs4.L.01gCorrectly use frequently confused words5.L.02aUse punctuation to separate items in a series
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K.L.02aCapitalize first word in a sentence and pronoun I1.L.01hUse determiners2.L.02aCapitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names3.L.01hUse coordinating and subordinating conjunctions4.L.02Demonstrate capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing5.L.02bUse a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence
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K.L.02bRecognize and name end punctuation1.L.01iUse frequently occurring prepositions2.L.02bUse commas in greetings and closings of letters3.L.01iProduce simple, compound, and complex sentences4.L.02aUse correct capitalization5.L.02cUse a comma to set off: yes and no, a tag question, and a direct address
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K.L.02cWrite letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds1.L.01jProduce declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences2.L.02cUse an apostrophe to form contractions and frequent possessives3.L.02Demonstrate capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing4.L.02bUse commas and quotation marks for direct speech and quotations5.L.02dUse underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles
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K.L.02dSpell simple words phonetically1.L.02Demonstrate command of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing2.L.02dGeneralize learned spelling patterns when writing words3.L.02aCapitalize words in titles4.L.02cUse a comma before a coordinating conjunction sentence5.L.02eSpell words correctly, consulting references as needed
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K.L.04Determine meaning of unknown words and phrases1.L.02aCapitalize dates and names of people2.L.02eConsult reference materials to check and correct spellings3.L.02bUse commas in addresses4.L.02dSpell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed5.L.03Use language conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening
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K.L.04aIdentify new meanings for familiar words1.L.02bUse end punctuation for sentences2.L.03Use knowledge of language when writing, speaking, reading, or listening3.L.02cUse commas and quotation marks in dialogue4.L.03Use language and conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening5.L.03aExpand, combine, and reduce sentences for meaning, reader interest, and style
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K.L.04bUse inflections and affixes1.L.02cUse commas in dates and in a series2.L.03aCompare formal and informal uses of English3.L.02dUse possessives4.L.03aChoose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely5.L.03bCompare varieties of English used in stories, dramas, or poems
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K.L.05Explore word relationships and nuances1.L.02dSpell words with common spelling patterns and frequent irregular words2.L.04Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words3.L.02eUse conventional spelling for frequent, studied words, and adding suffixes4.L.03bChoose punctuation for effect5.L.04Determine meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases
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K.L.05aSort common objects into categories1.L.02eSpell untaught words phonetically2.L.04aUse sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase3.L.02fUse spelling patterns and generalizations in writing4.L.03cDifferentiate contexts that call for formal English and informal discourse5.L.04aUse context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase