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We conducted a medium-depth literature search, relying primarily on studies cited in the systematic reviews Das et al. 2020 (https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010116) and Schoonees 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009000.pub3). Studies were included if they reported weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) at baseline and after treatment, or those figures were calculable from data provided. Studies were not included if our impression was that subjects were not representative of the general malnourished population, for example if all subjects had HIV. One additional study (Phuka et al. 2009: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00162.x) was excluded because WHZ was only -1.2 at baseline, which is above standard thresholds for malnutrition.
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StudyLocationSAM or MAMOutpatient?Treatment foodWHZ recovery criteriaFollow-up %Baseline WHZEndline WHZWHZ changeStudy weightNotes
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Kangas 2020Burkina FasoSAMyesUnspecified RUTFWHZ ≥ −257%-3.1-1.31.80.5
Uncomplicated SAM. Data are from both intervention arms combined: standard and reduced RUTF dose (results were similar).
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Ndzo 2018CameroonSAMyesPlumpy'NutWHZ ≥ −1.5100%-3.1-1.121
"72.8% were discharged as completely recovered" Abstract.
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Sigh 2018CambodiaSAMyesBP-100 RUTFNR62%-2.98-2.680.30.5
Compliance was poor.
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Bhandari 2016IndiaSAMyes
Peanut/milk-based RUTF similar to Plumpy’Nut
WHZ ≥ −292%-3.45-2.80.71
Low recovery rate. Averaged values for the two RUTF arms.
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Oakley 2010MalawiSAMyes
Peanut/milk-based RUTF similar to Plumpy’Nut
WHZ > −297%-2.1-1.50.61
Only data from the 25% milk powder RUTF arm are included here because the intervention is more similar to standard RUTF and the 10% formulation was less effective. "Standard therapy for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is home-based therapy with ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) containing 25% milk." (abstract)
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Hsieh 2015MalawiSAMyes
Peanut/milk-based RUTF similar to Plumpy’Nut
NR94%-1.85-0.3751.51
Averaged together results from both treatment arms since both RUTF formulations were similar to standard
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Jones 2015KenyaSAMyes
Peanut/milk-based RUTF similar to Plumpy’Nut
WHZ > −3100%-3.36-1.561.81
Averaged together all three intervention arms since all RUTF was similar to standard composition. Small trial with n=20 in each group
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Fabiansen 2017Burkina FasoMAMyes
Lipid-based nutrient supplements somewhat similar to Plumpy’Sup
WHZ ≥ −296%-2.22-1.4750.7451
Only endline data from the lipid-based arm are included here, because it is more similar to standard RUSF like Plumpy’Sup
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Ackatia-Armah 2015MaliMAMyesSupplementary Plumpy RUSFNR93%-2.22-1.280.941
Only data from the standard RUSF arm are included here
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Scherbaum 2014IndonesiaMAMyes
Peanut/milk-based spread somewhat similar to Plumpy’Sup
WHZ ≥ −1.566%-1.92-1.520.40.5
Small study; n=29 in the PM-S group. Only data from the PM-S arm are included here because it appears most similar to standard RUSF like Plumpy'Sup.
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Maust 2015Sierra Leone
MAM (70%) and SAM (30%)
yes
Super cereal plus and RUTF (MAM), RUTF (SAM)
MAM, MUAC ≥12.5 cm; SAM, MUAC ≥12.5 cm without edema
92%-2.1-1.30.81
Only included data from the integrated management group since it is more similar to the interventions we are evaluating.
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MAM weighted mean baseline WHZ
-2.1
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SAM weighted mean baseline WHZ
-2.8
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MAM weighted mean endline WHZ
-1.4
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SAM weighted mean endline WHZ
-1.5
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MAM weighted mean WHZ change
0.8
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SAM weighted mean WHZ change
1.3
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