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Stakeholders E-Consultation: Inputs to Interactive Dialogue - Leveraging Interlinkages between Sustainable Development Goal 14 and other Goals towards the implementation of the 2030 Agenda
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This file compiles inputs from from non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions, the scientific community, the private sector, philanthropic organizations, major groups and other stakeholders on elements for the concept papers of the 2020 UN Ocean Conference interactive dialogues. Outcomes may contain advice, opinions and statements of various information providers. The United Nations does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information provided through this e-consultation. Our office reserves the right to delete any content/input that is not aligned with the United Nations Charter and/or the principles and purposes of the 2020 United Nations Conference to support the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14.
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Name of OrganizationCountryWhat are the main challenges and opportunities in leveraging the interlinkages between SDG 14 and other SDGs?What measures should be promoted to fill existing gaps and to assist Member States in scaling up ocean action based on the interlinkages between SDG 14 and other SDGs?Please, list examples of impactful existing partnerships that can support in leveraging the interlinkages between Sustainable Development Goal 14 and other Goals, especially scientific and technological innovation-based partnerships.Please, list key recommendations for leveraging the interlinkages between Sustainable Development Goal 14 and other Goals that could be discussed during this interactive dialogue.Sector
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Institute for Sustainable Development and Research, ISDR, India India How SDG14 should be linked with SDG11 with respect to sustainable Urban Development of Coastal cities. The other challenges are related to environmental management for coastal Urban planning and development, Scientific knowledge
for coastal communities through information and communication Technology , digital technology etc.		Subjects like Coastal cities management, urban planning for sustainable coastal development, port cities management, waste management for coastal cities should be included. The Institute for Sustainable Development and Research, ISDR, India has started initiatives in association with the University of Naples Federico II,Naples, Italy and Haldia Institute of Technology on Environmental Management for Coastal Towns and Cities.
The regional partnership is also focusing on SDG-17 to implement the Sustainable Development Agenda through information and Communication Technology and Digital Innovations for regional cooperation.		1)Institutional partnership is required for sustainable coastal planning and development through scientific and technological innovation.
2)For Developing Nations, Sustainable Partnership is required for achieving SDG-17 and SDG-11 to implement the SDG-14
Civil society organization
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UN - JIUSwitzerlandClarity in measurement of progress and interlinkages is much needed, statistics, indicators, and collaboration to foster synergies. Development interventions need to account for the multiple expected results for all SDGs. An integrated mapping of interventions and expected impact by SDG needs to be agreed at global level so that synergies can be identified Cleaning the oceans, clean production and consumption, ban of plastics, all is connected. Clean production and consumption cycle, reverting into less waste, less ocean pollution through plastic and chemicals. MEAs, Environmental Conventions and agreements to be related with the SDGs and results accounted for, avoiding double accounting but valuating synergies in results for the planet. Establish common goals of the Environmental Conventions - chemicals, wetlands, cites, cbd, unfccc, etc - accounting for results through strategies for reducing pollution and restoring biodiversity, including biodiversity. INvolve also IMO, maritime organization, UN-Oceans, the coordinating mechanism, the Convention for Mediterranean, anr all regional conventions on waters and seas. United Nations
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Leave it in the Ground Initiative (LINGO)GermanySDG 14 can be leveraged to make a contribution to SDG 13 on climate by mobilizing political will towards a prohibition of fossil fuel exploration and extraction in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABJN) and encouraging countries to pledge non-extraction of fossil fuels in marine protected areas, or offshore generally.see aboveA number of initiatives by governments are listed in the Appendix of the 2019 Production Gap Report: http://productiongap.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Production-Gap-Report-2019-Appendices.pdf page 18ff. such as offshore oil exploration moratoria by a number of countries: Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, France, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, USA.see aboveCivil society organization
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Soroptimist InternationalUSASDG 14 is interlinked with all of the other SDG's. Some of the main challenges include:

SDG 1:Meeting the challenge of sustaining, protecting and managing marine and coastal ecosystems (14.2) will give us the opportunity to build up the resilience of the poor and vulnerable (1.5)

SDG 2 Meeting the challenge of insuring access (2.1) and sustainable food production(2.4), creating access to food for vulnerable groups (2.1) and contributing to ending malnutrition in children (2.2) will give us the opportunity to meet these goals but only if we reduce marine pollution in particular nutrient pollution(14.1) and overfishing (14.1)

SDG 6 and SDG 13: Achieving the goal of providing the world with clean and safe water and sanitation and building the capacity to adapt to or eliminate any climate related hazards as well as natural disasters(13.1) will eliminate much of the land-based and climate based pollution which ends up in the ocean.

Regulating harvesting and ending overfishing (14.4) will provide sustainable and resilient food production. It will also reinforce food security and access to food for vulnerable groups If we are able to do that as well as create and manage sustainable marine and coastal ecosystems for the benefit of all, including guaranteeing sustainable production for small fishers, it will also result in sustainable productivity and income while contributing to ending malnutrition in children. Doing this might initially require short terms trade-offs in terms of local livelihoods and regulation of industrial scale fishing fleets( i.e. limit full and productive employment) but such action will be critical to enable such employment in the long term.
Enabling and providing quality technical, vocational and secondary/tertiary education specifically in STEM on a nondiscriminatory basis will be a key to sustainable productivity growth, protection and management of marine and coastal ecosystems (14.2) 		SDG 8 Working with businesses regarding the sustainable management, protection of marine and coastal ecosystems (14.2) and economic benefits from the sustainable use of marine resources (14.7) will create decent jobs and small enterprises including in the tourism industry (8.5 and 8.9) specifically in coastal areas
SDG 3 Dealing with marine pollution will -in addition to protecting and creating sustainable marine and coastal ecosystems also reduce deaths and illness from chemicals and pollution (3.4) contain or end malnutrition(2.3)and enable access to more nutritious foods (2.1 and 2.2 )
Working in partnership with 50% of our population (women and girls)will ensure that they will be empowered and included in having access to equal opportunities (5.1 10.1 10.3) in participating in the economic, social, cultural and political development(5.5) and decision making regarding address the challenges of SDG 14 and thereafter be able to reap the benefits of a sustainable marine and coastal ecosystem including its fisheries.It will also reinforce productivity in the economy (8.2) as well as permit them to engage in trade activities and forming small enterprises (8.3/8.5/9.1)		In addition to the above suggestions,

Developing as well as providing equal access to infrastructure (9.1.) once it exists is also key to ensuring access to necessary economic resources and services (1.4) as well as the necessary transportation and telecommunications to meet the needs of those engaged in fishing or other incomes generated by the ocean. Developing public infrastructure will also enable women to participate in the work force. (5.5)

Because industrial activities may be limited by the prevention of marine pollution from land based activities (14.1) or the ongoing conservation of coastal areas (14.5), states must have the capacity and political will as well as work in partnership to create clear, coherent and effective regulations and zoning of industrial permits and implementation of the proper technology to address pollution issues as well as environmental regulations and incentives which address, mitigate or even eliminate the impact of marine and coastal pollution.
Civil society organization
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The University of the West IndiesTrinidad & TobagoPolicy coherence- which for SIDS is all the more urgent because of the limited resources available for single SDG interventions- Scobie, M. (2019). Sustainable development and climate change adaptation: goal interlinkages and the case SIDS. Dealing with climate change on small islands: Towards effective and sustainable adaptation. C. Klöck and M. Fink. Göttingen, Universitätsverlag Göttingen: 101-122. https://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de/handle/3/isbn-978-3-86395-435-2.5
Governance support- build interlinkages into development funding and assistance. Facilitate SIDS's specific governance research on how interlinkages may successfully work in SIDS' peculiar context.1. Build funding to facilitate policy coherence and interlinkages into development grants
2. Support SIDS governance research into what interlinkages looks like in the specific SIDS' contexts. 		Academic institution
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CoopeSoliDar R.LCosta RicaRecognition that small scale fisheries is a form of life and so it has to be approached in a holistic way that incorporates different SDGs.
Generation of public policy that values and recognizes small scale fisheries and indigenous use of marine territories in its importance and value.
Counties need to implement the voluntary guidelines for the sustainability of small scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty erradication and generate laws and policies concerning this instrument.		Costa Rica. Draft national law and policy concerning the SSF voluntary guidelines. Bring concrete examples to the global discussion of examples of implementation of the SSF guidelines and promote the discussion of lessons learned in each one of its pillars:
Tenure and access rights, gender equity, governance, conservation of marine resources, climate change.		Civil society organization
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CoopeSoliDar R.LCosta RicaRecognition that small scale fisheries is a form of life and so it has to be approached in a holistic way that incorporates different SDGs.
Generation of public policy that values and recognizes small scale fisheries and indigenous use of marine territories in its importance and value.
Counties need to implement the voluntary guidelines for the sustainability of small scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty erradication and generate laws and policies concerning this instrument.		Costa Rica. Draft national law and policy concerning the SSF voluntary guidelines. Bring concrete examples to the global discussion of examples of implementation of the SSF guidelines and promote the discussion of lessons learned in each one of its pillars:
Tenure and access rights, gender equity, governance, conservation of marine resources, climate change.		Civil society organization
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United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS)United NationsWe have to first emphasize on land-sea connectivity as well as the impacts brought about from this connectivity. Only by recognizing that land-based activities not only impact the terrestrial but also coastal and marine environments, and adopting holistic land/seascape approaches to promote a multi-stakeholder collaboration that we can facilitate and leverage the interlinkages between SDG14 and other SDGs. 1. Holistic approaches, such as "ridge-to-ridge approaches", "watershed management","integrated landscape approaches", "integrated coastal zone management" etc, that stress on land-sea connectivity and recognizes Nature as a whole, as connected ecosystems rather than ecological sectorization. Such multi-actors engagement can mainstreaming of ocean issues, vertical and horizontally within governments, and across different sectors.
2. Engage upstream and land-based stakeholders on land - eg. forestry, agriculture, water, mining, tourism, industrial production, transport, infrastructure - to have an interest and play a role for the oceans.		The International Satoyama Initiative (ISI), in which UNU-IAS hosts the Secretariat of its International Partnership for Satoyama Initiative (IPSI), promotes the study of worldwide experiences on sustainable use of marine resources for biodiversity conservation. Central to the Satoyama and Satoumi (socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes: SEPLS) concept of IPSI is the emphasis of the interconnectedness and linkages of terrestrial and marine environments or “Ridge to Reef” approach to management of nature. https://satoyama-initiative.org/
The UNU-IAS Operating Unit Ishikawa / Kanazawa (OUIK), further explores the application of Satoumi concept on the local level, by spearheading the OUIK “Noto’s Satoumi Movement” since 2015 to promote understanding of sustainable coastal fisheries and related livelihoods. A series of local seminars have been conducted in Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture since 2015, and two public outreach symposiums related to the movement were also organized in 2017 and 2018 in Tokyo, in conjunction with World Oceans Day to promote the understanding of SDG 14 and the UN ocean initiatives.
http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:5838		Enhancing education,research and public outreach on SDG14 - explaining how it is interlinked with other SDGsUnited Nations
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UN-HabitatKenyaThere is an important relationship between SDG 14, 11, 13 and 6. Since most of the world’s megacities are located along coasts, and coastal areas generally demonstrate higher population densities, the linkages between sustainable cities and sustainable oceans and are obvious. Expansive land and resource use in coastal areas, which also includes infrastructure development, has many negative impacts on water ecosystems. There are likely synergies between the reduction in marine and freshwater pollution and the development of safe housing and environmentally friendly cities that aim at reducing energy consumption, improving sewer management and minimizing the degradation of oceans and other waters at large. Similar benefits occur between sustainable management and conservation practices of coastal and environments and the development of safe, resilient and sustainable cities. It is important to work with nature to find sustainable and inclusive solutions that work for coastal cities.There needs to be frameworks in place to encourage more collaboration between urban planners and marine scientists. Especially in the contexts of coastal cities and SIDS, identifying new ways of working together will be essential, since the role of cities and their impact on marine health and conservation will be crucial in the coming decades.We're currently developing a EU-funded 5 year programme together with UNEP on a sustainable sea-land-planning in the context of the Kenyan coast, taking into consideration rapid urbanization and associated local economic development challenges of coastal towns and their impacts on marine health. The programme is titled "Go Blue" and will be launched during the Oceans Conference.1) How can cities leverage Blue Economy issues in their respective local and national policies and plans?
2) How can stakeholders foster prosperity through a sustainable Blue Economy for countries and cities in special situations, particularly SIDS and coastal LDCs?
3) What is the role of resilient, spatial development of coastal cities in harnessing the potential of the Blue Economy?
4) How can cities protect, conserve and restore their coastal and marine ecosystems through a Blue Economy approach?
5) How can science, technology and innovation help local governments strengthen their
understanding and implementation of a sustainable Blue Economy?
6) How can the Blue Economy leverage sustainable consumption and production cycles on a city-region scale?		UN organization
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Gatef organizationEgyptOcean pollution of all kinds seriously damages marine ecosystems. The decline in biodiversity will have severe consequences for the ecosystem and humankind. The fish and marine animals that we consume may be exposed to pollution, which will lead to a decline in the income of the five hundred and forty million people who depend on fishing and damaging their boats and installations in the long term. Therefore, the new sustainable development goal on the seas and oceans calls for the conservation of the oceans, the reduction of pollution and the restoration of fish stocks, and the practice of sustainable fishing, in accordance with the framework established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, that is, the Montego Bay Convention.Important links
Sites and information
French Development Agency
Development assistance and emergency humanitarian action
Sustainable development and development assistance
Diagram: French ODA
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Development - World Toilet Day (19 November 2017)
Global Forum "Convergences" (Paris, 4 and 5 September 2017)
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - What has France achieved so far? (May 2017)
Health, gender and development
Emergency humanitarian action
News and events related to development assistance and emergency humanitarian action
Climate and environment		Objective: To conserve and use the oceans, seas and marine resources in a sustainable manner for sustainable developmentCivil society organization
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DeltaresNederlandThey strongny connect to all, SDG14 and all others Connect with all other types and organisatins to jointly bring into more urgent itemsMany items are very relevant, brent them in form the start.source to sea items, at all their urgent issues jointly!Academic institution
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International Cable Protection Committee Ltd.USALeveraging the linkages requires stepping back and taking a global, cross-sectorial approach to the SDGs, bringing even more agencies and actors to the table than those that are already working together toward SDG 14, and paying attention to facts and ideas that do not fall squarely within the UN plan of action toward SDG 14. Doing so will help diversify the expertise and perspectives of participants in ocean-related meetings, and give a voice to the many actors that use the oceans as a platform for business. The International Cable Protection Committee Ltd. (ICPC) has found it challenging, but rewarding, to be one of the only industry organizations represented in all recent UN law of the sea meetings. Submarine cables help not only “sustainably use” the oceans, in accordance with SDG 14, but also “provide universal and affordable access to the Internet,” in accordance with SDG 9. The ICPC thus has a story to tell, and a contribution to make, far beyond SDG 14. Member states should be encouraged to incorporate the other SDGs in the policies and measures they adopt in their effort to achieve SDG 14. For example, when member states conduct (or decide whether to conduct) environmental impact assessments (EIAs), they should consider the expected contribution of proposed activities to each of the other SDGs, in addition to considering the activities’ potential impact on the marine environment. The case of submarine telecommunication cables illustrates this point: requiring extensive EIAs risks delaying access to communication, which is part of SDG 9. And it is unnessary in view of the large body of peer-reviewed publications which show that submarine cables are a sustainable use of the oceans. Member states should thus facilitate, and not hinder, their laying and maintenance in order to achieve both SDG 14 and SDG 9.The submarine cable industry provides multiple examples of such impactful partnerships. For example, there exist public-private partnerships between governments of developing countries and submarine cable owners/operators for the development of submarine connections linking small islands to global telecommunication networks. The World Bank and regional development banks often help finance such submarine cable investments. The partnerships existing between certain ocean observatories and owners/operators of submarine cables provide another example. Such partnerships allow the use of submarine cables for various data collection, transfer and research purposes. The submarine cables are often retired telecommunication lines converted to scientific use. The ICPC recommends operationalizing the concept of sustainable use, which is a core part of SDG 14, by focusing more on how maritime activities contribute to the achievement of other SDGs, and by ensuring that measures adopted to protect the oceans under SDG 14 do not hinder those activities that contribute to the achievement of other SDGs. The ICPC proposes discussing during this interactive dialogue the example of submarine cables, which illustrate the linkage between SDG 9 and SDG 14, but are rarely mentioned in official reports concerning these two SDGs.Private sector
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Secretariat of the Convention on Biological DiversityCanadaKey opportunity
Under the CBD, governments are negotiating the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, which to be adopted by the CBD Conference of the Parties at its 15th meeting as a global framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Framework will contain goals and targets with a view to putting the world on a path to achieve the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity of “Living in Harmony with Nature”.

The framework’s theory of change focuses on transformative actions are taken to
(a) put in place tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming,
(b) reduce the threats to biodiversity and
(c) ensure that biodiversity is used sustainably in order to meet people’s needs and that these actions are supported by (i) enabling conditions, and (ii) adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity and technology.

As such, the framework will contribute to nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals.		IPBES (2019) found that transformations towards sustainability are more likely when efforts are directed at:
(1) enabling visions of a good quality of life that do not entail ever-increasing material consumption;
(2) lowering total consumption and waste;
(3) unleashing existing, widely-held values of responsibility to effect new social norms for sustainability;
(4) addressing inequalities which undermine the capacity for sustainability;
(5) ensuring inclusive decision-making and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of and adherence to human rights in conservation decisions;
(6) accounting for nature deterioration from local economic activities and socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances;
(7) ensuring environmentally friendly technological and social innovation; and
(8) promoting education, knowledge generation and the maintenance of different knowledge systems, including in the sciences and indigenous and local knowledge
Sustainable Ocean Initiative Global Dialogue with Regional Seas Organizations and Regional Fishery Bodies
Coordinated by the CBD Secretariat, UNEP and FAO, this is a global platform to facilitate dialogue among regional seas organizations and regional fishery bodies around the world in order to identify options and opportunities to enhance cross-sectoral regional collaboration.

Global Partnership for Business and Biodiversity
Coordinated by the CBD Secretariat, this is a network of national and regional initiatives that shares best practices and provides a platform to showcase what is being done around the globe to embed biodiversity into business practices and to help mainstreaming biodiversity into sectors

Linkages and synergies with the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework being negotiated under the CBD must be developed and utilized to enhance progress towards the achievement of the SDGsUnited Nations
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OceanCareSwitzerland* Increased consideration of the socioeconomic & cultural benefits of marine environment protection and the overarching interconnection between SDG14 and the other SDGs is encouraged, particularly with regard to the wide range of ecosystem services that humans derive from the oceans. *Reducing ocean noise , especially noise generated by the hydrocarbon industry and the shipping sector, would at the same time significantly contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions and contribute towards reaching the targets of SDG13 and various targets addressed in SDG14. Ocean noise also cuts across several of the other SDGs, including impacts on SDG8 and SDG9. *Continued large scale overfishing of fish stocks globally, do in addition to SDG14 pose a risk to achieve SDG1, SDG2 and SDG8. Due to knock-on effects on the livelihoods of coastal communities and artisanal fisheries, including an increase in activities negatively impacting to reach SDG15.
* Custodians of different SDG14 indicators to create more visibility. E.g. FAO, as custodian for indicators 14.4.1 Fish stocks sustainability, 14.6.1 IUU fishing, 14.7.1 Value added of sustainable fisheries and 14.b.1. * The deliverables have different time horizons. Many of them had short timelines (matured/maturing soon). Important that the delivery & implementation by Member States regarding targets and deliverables is controlled & reported. Progress on each target needs on the path to achieving Agenda 2030 to be controlled and made publicly available.• The Brussels Declaration [https://climateoceans.eu/documents] is an approach to reflect the interconnectivity of various SDGs within a set of action to embed the development of the renewable ocean energy sector and industrial shipping within a framework of preserving the ocean. * Increase cooperation/coordination among different custodians of SDGs, including sharing of expertise and progress made on reaching the respective targets of each SDG. *Whilst the number of commitments being made at the first Ocean Conference was significant, it was clear that some governments were willing to be much more ambitious with their commitments than others. For some they are merely voicing activities which they were doing already rather than the bigger and bolder steps that will be necessary to truly reverse the decline of our oceans. Efforts need to be scaled-up to ensure that the targets under SDG14 and the Agenda 2030 at large will be achieved.Civil society organization
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Seas At RiskBelgiumThe International Resource Panel's Global Resource Outlook shows that in a business as usual scenario, by 2060, resource extraction will double. This will mean an exponential increase in marine resource extraction. Deep sea mining is a clear example: more than 1.5 million km2 of international waters have been set aside for DSM exploration, and the exploitation is expected to start in 4-6 years.
The drivers of DSM are the expected steep increase in demand for metals to fuel the energy transition (SDG7), the shift to electric cars (SDG7 and 9) , the accelarating urbanisation (SDG 11). The geo-political concerns about security of supply also play a major role.
With its proposed ‘Towards Sustainability’ scenario, the IRP report estimates that by 2060, the extraction of metals will only increase with 12%, while the business-as-usual scenario shows a doubling. Hence, DSM can be avoided by taking ambitious resource efficiency and sustainable consumption and production policies (i.e. SDG12)

Avoid getting locked into high risk technology such as deep sea mining. Instead, invest in sustainable alternatives, i.e. SDG12 and deeper transformational change of economies and societies.– as called for by IPCC, IPBES and IRP reports.
Seas At Risk, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, International Resource PanelA global moratorium on deep sea mining, in line with the moratorium call of the European Parliament and the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, and establishing a strong link between SDG12 and SDG14, including global efforts to reduce the demand for primary metals, and to transition to a resource efficient economy in which minerals are kept in the loop, thus avoiding deep sea mining and reducing terrestrial mining.Civil society organization
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The Danish Institute for Human RightsDenmarkSDG 14 and target 14.b contributes to the realisation of human rights. A human rights-based approach to implementation of SDG 14 and target 14.b will help strengthen positive linkages and accelerate implementation of other SDG targets and at the same time realise human rights such as the right to work, to free choice of employment, right to enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work, the human right to an adequate standard of living including adequate food, clothing and housing. A human rights-based approach to implementation of SDG target 14.b highlights positive linkages with at least 22 other targets, spanning 11 SDGs and a high number of human rights obligations. A human right-based approach can help identify vulnerable groups and strategies to leave no one behind. A human right-based approach can help identify accelerators for leveraging the interlinkages between SDG 14 and 14.b, and other SDGs and the fulfilment of States' and companies' human rights obligations. Examples of accelerators to leverage the interlinkages between SDG 14 and 14.b, and other SDGs, and the fulfilment of States' and companies' human rights obligations, identified through a human rights lens:
1) Safeguarding secure access rights of small-scale fisheries and providing preferential access rights to marine resources and markets for small-scale fisheries can accelerate implementation of SDGs 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 13 and number of social, economic and cultural rights. E.g. SDG target 1.2, 2.3 and 5.a.
2) Adopting a participatory approach to fisheries management, respecting free, prior, informed consent and ensuring access to remedy and fair compensation in the event that access rights are reduced or violated can accelerate implementation of SDG 1, 2, 3, 5 and SDG 16 target 16.3, 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.10 and 17.14.
3) Respecting fundamental labour rights and ensuring fair wages can accelerate implementation of SDG 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10. E.g. 8.5, 10.1 and 10.4.
The Danish Institute for Human Rights and partners are promoting partnerships and collaborations between actors in fisheries and aquaculture sectors and human rights actors, including National Human Rights Institutions to unpack and address human rights impact and implications of SDG 14 and develop guidance for States and companies on how to fulfil their human rights obligations. This can be used to develop strategies for how the fisheries and aquaculture sectors can help accelerate the implementation of other SDGs and human rights. Countries are encouraged to develop a human-rights based approach, to implement the SSF Guidelines, the Tenure Guidelines and the Right to Food Guidelines. To ratify ILO C188 and to develop sector-specific labour laws and ensure secure tenure and access rights and social protection policies for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture workers.

More data and knowledge exchanges are needed between human rights and fisheries actors. Specific topics include the human rights impacts of aquaculture production and fisheries agreements; companies’ responsibilities to respect human rights; roles and responsibilities of the State, companies and civil society in promoting participation, non-discrimination, accountability and transparency, and; improving access to remedy; human rights implications of the Blue Economy agenda, and; the potential role of the Regional Fishery Management Bodies in contributing to the respect for protection and fulfilment of human rights. 		National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)
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Bracenet GmbHGermanySDGs 13, 14 and 15 are depending and influencing each other. Fighting climate change helps to decrease ocean detoxication, which decreases extraordinary weather events and therefore influences SDG 15 "Life on land".https://www.stiftung-meeresschutz.org/dsm/presse/das-blaue-manifest-rettungsplan-fuer-die-meere-bis-2030/Private sector
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Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)United StatesWe believe omitting any mention of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF), currently being developed and negotiated by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), is a missed opportunity. We note that all but two UN Member States are Party to the Convention, and that the CBD's strategic plan has been recognized as central to UN system-wide efforts on biological diversity and has informed the SDG targets expiring in 2020. We therefore stress it is valuable for the delegates to reflect on the ongoing discussions, and think about potential issues and synergies when crafting the intergovernmental declaration. Achieving SDG 14 will require that we meet the targets for other SDGs. For example, Goal 15 includes a commitment to halt biodiversity loss that is also applicable to marine species, and Target 15.7 specifically calls for urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species. A large number of marine species are subject to illegal trade. We therefore recommend that the intergovernmental declaration build on the existing UNGA resolutions and address the illegal trade in marine species.Civil society organization
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Environmental Defense FundUnited StatesOPPORTUNITIES
-Fish play a key role in achieving food and nutrition security and ensuring health and well-being (2, 3)
-Sustainable fisheries extraction contributes to reduced climate impacts (13)
-Improving capacity and management of SSF leads to improvements in other SDGs (1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12)
-Building effective, accountable institutions helps ensure sustainable prosecution and equitable benefit distribution (10, 13, 16)

CHALLENGES
-Fish is largely missing from food and poverty policy dialogues and funding (1, 2)
-Exclusion of freshwater fisheries and inland aquaculture from SDG 14 (1, 2, 3, 8)
-Lack of understanding of relationships between conservation and human wellbeing, economic and social development, and climate change (1, 2, 3, 8, 13)
-Inadequate governance structures and coordination across groups (1, 2, 3, 6, 7)
-Limited motivation to facilitate systems thinking (1, 3)
-Lack of access to and standardize collection of data for assessment and management(1, 2, 12)		Situate fish in a food systems framework:
-Decision tools that conceptualize fisheries and aquaculture as components of broader global food systems allow co-optimization of human nutrition and sustainability, and understanding of potential synergies and trade-offs.

Adopt a systems thinking approach for fisheries:
-Using approaches that recognize connections of fisheries as part of social-ecological systems affected by climate change, and that engage multiple stakeholders and perspectives can elevate ocean issues across different governance scales and among different sectors.

Link governance of production with governance of distribution and post-harvest processes:
-Information about post-harvest distribution and policies that improve distributional outcomes is limited. Understanding how fisheries play a role in livelihoods and in food and nutrition security, as well as the important role of women in post-harvest activities, and the synergies and tradeoffs is important.		-Bring seafood and fisheries more centrally into key policy dialogues such as the Global Nutrition Report (http://globalnutritionreport.org;) and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Annual Letters (https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/Resources-and-Media/Annual-Letters-List)
-Elevate seafood and fisheries in international development funding priorities (e.g., World Bank and Regional Development Banks
-WorldFish is illuminating effective strategies to enhance the availability, accessibility and consumption of nutrient-rich, safe fish by poor consumers, particularly women and children (https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/value-chains-and-nutrition)
-Capitalize on existing networks, partnerships, and coalitions focused on improving capacity and management of SSF:
*FAO’s Global Strategic Framework for Implementation of the SSF Guidelines
*Too Big to Ignore (http://toobigtoignore.net/),
*International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (https://www.icsf.net)		Civil society organization
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Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management (S2S Platform)SwedenOne of the key challenges to achieving SDG 14 is the lack of science, finance, policy, governance and management that crosses the boundaries of land, freshwater coastal and marine environments. Too often, terrestrial, freshwater and marine experts work independently with little interaction. This results in plans, programmes and investments benefitting one system type or sector at the expense of others. Breaking down the barriers between terrestrial, freshwater and marine science, policy and practice and taking a more holistic approach to addressing these linkages will improve outcomes across the source-to-sea system.
The linkages between SDG 6 and 14 are clear and explicit. It is not possible to achieve the 14.1 and 14.2 targets without addressing what is occurring upstream. By working together, limited financial resources will be used effectively and economically. 		• Research and science innovation that expands our understanding of the linkages between terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine systems and how interventions in one system may affect others. Increased study of how alterations in water, biota, sediment, pollutants, materials and ecosystem services in the freshwater system affect coastal and marine systems.
• Governance and management that addresses linkages between terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine systems and establishes coordination across these systems.
• Finance that supports holistic approaches that consider the linkages between terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine systems.
The Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management (S2S Platform) was launched in 2014 as a multi-stakeholder initiative to exchange and generate knowledge and support joint action for improved management that recognizes land, water, coastal and marine linkages. The S2S Platform is open to all stakeholders that are committed to improving coherence and coordination between SDG 14 and other SDGs, in particular SDG 6. Strengths of the S2S Platform include its ability to bridge the knowledge-policy-practice space by mobilizing and drawing upon a diverse set of partners engaged in research, policy making, funding and implementation of source-to-sea actions. It promotes innovation to address the full range of source-to-sea issues and supports collaboration that enhances achievement of the 2030 Agenda. More information can be found at; https://www.siwi.org/source-to-sea/.
Realization of SDG targets 6.3, 6.5 and 6.5 are considered crucial for the achievement of SDG targets 14.1 and 14.2. As such, greater coordination between these targets must be established, particularly in altering management and funding frameworks to encompass land, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems, rather than working in independent silos. This can be achieved by making the land and freshwater linkages to healthy marine and coastal ecosystems more explicit, supporting multi-stakholder frameworks which foster greater partnership between freshwater and ocean communities such as the Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management, and encouraging greater coordination between intergovernmental bodies such as UN-Water and UN-Oceans.
Multi-stakeholder platform
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Asabe Shehu Yar'adua Foundation (ASYARFS)United States,Nigeria,Ghana and Germanyintegration of knowlegde into marine planning, Ecosystem valuationimplementation of other SDGs to promote the basic of SDG 14UNEP, World Ocean CouncilMinimizing and addressing the impacts of ocean acidification including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levelsCivil society organization
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Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)GermanyThe implementation of SDG 14 and other ocean-related SDGs requires “nexus thinking”. The regional level has proven to be successful in bringing together different sectors, whilst operating at an appropriate ecosystem scale and taking into account the priorities and needs of the range of actors and institutions.
Further, decisions taken in the next ten years will be critical for the ocean. The global community will have to decide how to take forward ocean sustainability between 2020 and 2030, including in the ocean dimension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, and the implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change. 		Accelerate action to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development for the ocean through cooperative and coordinated ocean governance: The regional level is a good starting point to bridge prevalent sectoral approaches, and to achieve consistency across sectors, targets, and indicators. Regional cooperation can play an important role in translating global ambitions and targets into regionally relevant, achievable, harmonised and quantitative agreements. Cooperative narratives for SDG implementation focusing on important ecosystems, such as coral reefs, or “common enemies”, such as algal blooms, help to coordinate policymaking and measures.
Further, a robust global post-2020 ocean governance framework supported by strengthened regional bodies needs to be developed in order to ensure that SDG 14 is achieved. With four targets expiring by 2020 and very likely being missed, action needs to be taken and aligned with processes such as the CBD’s post-2020 global biodiversity process. 		Tailor-made regional and cross-sectoral ocean governance strategies or action plans should be agreed upon to identify common objectives for coordinated action and to take into account interactions, including trade-offs and synergies between ocean-related SDGs. Dedicated accelerator approaches that help to speed up action for regional and national priorities should be developed and applied to progress implementation of SDG 14.
New or updated goals are needed for the ocean. These should be underpinned by and built upon a robust and implementation-focused post-2020 strategy for SDG 14. Previous practice of setting ever-more ambitious targets for the distant future instead of achieving current targets must be avoided. The 2020 UN Ocean Conference provides a unique opportunity to agree on such an action-oriented approach that should be based on shared objectives and targets, brings together all relevant policy strands, and builds on strengthened governance frameworks at the regional level.		Academic institution
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AXA XL on behalf of the Ocean Risk and Resilience Action AllianceUnited KingdomSDG 14 is linked to all other SDGs since the ocean has impacts across multiple industries and sectors and is linked to social, economic, and environmental issues. Without healthy and sustainably-managed coastal ecosystems, it will be impossible for economies that rely on fisheries, tourism, and other ecosystem dependent industries to grow. Similarly, increasing scientific research is essential to develop effective and scalable solutions to address coastal resilience. However, there is a lack of understanding on how the ocean is connected to other issues and sectors. There is a need to increase ocean literacy to build this understanding.It is important to emphasize that there is a need for multi-sector dialogue on scaling up ocean action. Each issue has social, economic and ecological implications that impact various actors across vulnerable communities. It is imperative that partnerships between the public, private, and non-profit sectors are developed and supported.ORRAA aims to build partnerships across sectors to build resilience to ocean risk. This includes working with government actors, industry stakeholders, research entities, and NGOs. These partnerships emphasize the interlinkages between multiple issue areas and SDGs. For example, ORRAA’s work on building financial resilience in small-scale fishers not only supports ocean action (SDG 14) but also provides economic opportunities (SDG 8), helps reduce poverty (SDG 1), promotes sustainable management of resources (SDG 12), and reduces inequalities especially related to gender (SDG 5 and 10). It also helps fishers build resilience to climate change (SDG 13). - Increase research on the multi-sector impacts of ocean related issues.
- Increase ocean literacy at all ages to build understanding of the ocean and its links to all other parts of society.
- Develop projects that address ocean issues with the aim of providing solutions for the inter-related social and economic issues that are connected to the ocean.
- Promote partnerships across sectors that aim to build resilience and take action on the varied impacts of ocean risk.
Private sector
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CESAM - University of AveiroPortugalThe main challenges are the Lack of a ‘common language’ for inter- and trans-disciplinary understanding and Conflicting interests and management of trade-offs. The main opportunity is the integration of natural capital related SDG with socioeconomic-related SDG, having on top a dedicated goal to Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Adress natural capital connectivity, namely the hydrological cycle as it is transversal to all SDG; promote transdisciplinary approaches; foster communication channels between disciplines and sectoral interests.
The Atlantic International Research Centre https://www.aircentre.org; Belén statment on Atlantic Research and Innovation cooperation; Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)http://www.pemsea.org; space european agency https://www.esa.int;
Promote water cycle literacy to fight marine pollution (not just ocean literacy as a silo) and address marine pollution also in the context of multiple stressors (e.g. climate change); Adopt a global modular design, including standardised methods, a single method of open access archiving and storage of data and samples; Showcase success stories to foster wider implementation and report failures to avoid duplication and maximise efforts; bare in mind that the message and common actions need to target the next generation (the adults in 2030).
Academic institution
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ICOMOS-International Committe on the Underwater Cultiral HeritageFranceThe key challenge is to ensure that cultural heritage, as supported by UNCLOS and the 2001 Convention, is included in the 'action and delivery' efforts to achieve, specifically SDG14, but all the other SDGs.

There is opportunity for cultural heritage to be a link between SDG14 to all of the remaining SDGs, some strongly, others less so.
The measures required to adapt the SDGs at the national or local level requires recognition of specific cultural contexts – what may be termed the ‘cultural localisation’ of the SDGs. This involves translating the universal language of the SDGs into the individual and collective lives of citizens inhabiting specific communities, cities and regions, but particularly salient in areas like health and wellbeing (SDG 3) that can contribute significantly to urban development along coastal areas.Other linkages are identified in all SDGs including zero hunger (SDG 2) sustainable use of environmental resources (SDGs 6, 7, 13, 14, 15), SDG 8 on Decent Work and Economic Growth promotion of sustainable tourism; sustainable evolution of urban and rural settlements (SDG11) adoption of sustainable patterns of production and consumption (SDG 12) or mitigation of and adaptation to climate change (SDG13), cultural knowledge and resources can act as enablers of sustainable development.

Libraries, museums and community cultural centres can be seen as basic services (SDG 1), while the interrelation between gender equality and culture holds potential for positive social transformation (SDG 5), for example research and education about our maritime heritage and UCH may also contribute to empowering communities through the telling of stories of women and their traditional knowledge of UCH.

Read Trakedas et al The Ocean Decade Heritage Network: Integrating Cultural Heritage Within the UN Decade of Ocean Science 2021–2030 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11457-019-09241-0		The key recommendation is recognition that cultural heritage is able to play a full and active role in promoting and delivering SDG 14 and the remaining SDGsCivil society organization
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Observatory for Marine and Coastal Governance - Center for Social and Environmental StudiesColombiaOcean literacy for all, specially for coastal communities, as a manner to ensure an inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG 4)
Ensuring an equitable access to the marine biodiversity to reduce inequalities within and among the countries (SDG 10)
Ensuring marine justice considering the differentiated negative effects of the destruction of marine biodiversity on vulnerable populations, who need to be socially included (SDG 10) Linking the management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems (SDG 14.2) as well as the conservation of marine and coastal zones (SDG 14.4) to the social, economic and cultural development of coastal population.
Energy transition to renewable energies (SDG 7.2) by increasing marine renewable energy and offshore wind energy based on a rigorous socio-environmental impact assessment
Public access to marine information to ensure a responsive, inclusive, participatory, and representative decision-making at all levels (SDG 16.7 and 17.10)		Ensure access to ocean literacy with a clear and an accessible information to all. In the case of ethnic communities, this knowledge must be translated into the languages of those peoples.
Include information about marine and coastal governance in the international reports submitted to the bodies of the United Nations, specially in the Nationally Determined Contributions about climate change, since protection of the oceans is essentially linked to climate change.
Provide scientific knowledge and tools to local communities that can serve as the basis for informed environmental participation in the marine and coastal decision-making processes.
Increase technology transfer to increase the marine renewable energy and the offshore wind energy based on a rigorous socio-environmental impact assessment.
Improve open data policy for marine information systems to guarantee public access to information, as well as ensure a participatory decision-making at all levels.		Civil society organization
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Comunidad y BiodiversidadMexicoThe fully recognition by all stakeholders of interdependency and indivisible nature of SDGs, while thinking and reflecting on the relationship between SDGs and human rights as expressed on International treaties.

Protection and restoration of marine ecosystems (SDG 14) is intimately related with responsible governance of tenure -sustainable resources management (SFFG) since it has it has been recognized, how guarantee fishing rights for SFF, have a positive effect on the sustainable use of resources, in comparison with other communities that do not possess a secure tenure (Bourillón, 2002).

SDGs 14 and interlinkage with SDG 5: There is evidence of woman and fisheries sustainability benefits since woman posses a long-term visión regarding benefits of sustainable use of resources (Revollo-Fernandez et al.2016). Including a gender equality perspective and addressing SDG 5 in conjunction with SDG 14 can have positive effects on both goals.


Fully recognition at the Declaration of the Ocean Conference, of the interdependency and indivisibility of SDGs.

Mapping initiatives of all stakeholders, that are working holistically towards the fulfillment of SDG 14 in relationship with others SDGs.

Promotion of local, national and regional partnerships to improve and strengthen an holistic approach towards commitments related with SDG 14.

Endorsed at the Ocean Conference Declaration on the necessity of take into account FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SFFG), as a guiding instrument for implementation of new actions and policies regarding SDG 14 and related.
Too Big To Ignore (TBTI) project a research network and knowledge mobilization partnership,comprised by 400 researchers and 20 organizations in 45 countries, that seeks addressing issues and concerns affecting viability and sustainability of SSF. http://toobigtoignore.net/

ISSF : an interactive global repository of small-scale fisheries that works through crowdsourcing of information for contributing with data. This platform forms an essential part of the TBTI Project. ISSF-http://toobigtoignore.net/issf/)

Pescadata: app designed by and for fishers to facilitate data (e.g. species, sites, amount) collection during fishing trips, besides streamline the data systematization for analysis. In 2018, 41 users from 12 cooperatives documented 1,206 trips. https://pescadata.org/
Relationship between SDG 14, the rest of SDGs, human rights and its instruments

FAO’s Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SFFG) and its relationship with SDG 14 and the rest of SDGS.

Commitments towards the fulfillment of SDG 14 using a multi-purpose approach to generate linkages with others SDGs and spillover effects.
Civil society organization
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Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON)United States of America and International through the Group on Earth Observations (GEO BON)The ocean is an integral part of the Earth's ecosystem, weather and climate system, and biogeochemical system. Life on Earth and our well being as a human society is completely dependent on a healthy ocean. The challenges are to quantify these benefits and fundamental linkages to advance goals and targets for each of the SDGs. This requires better networking and integration between natural sciences (terrestrial ecology, marine ecology, atmospheric sciences) and social sciences. It requires collaboration and sharing of best practices in management, science and technologies. The opportunity to advance human knowledge on fundamental science questions about life are enormous, and this understanding can help advance the discovery of better management paradigms to improve food and water availability, medicines for better human health, and in general help find solutions to sustainable development with a focus on conservation.Develop national policies that promote the observation of life in the sea and ecology in general in a manner that supports scientific openness and collaboration in regional settings that integrate globally. Build capacity in: 1) data collection using standard protocols and best practices, 2) data sharing, 3) integration of in situ observations with satellite remote sensing, 4) use of technologies for automated collection of biological and biodiversity observations.- The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON)
- MarineGEO (Smithsonian I.)
- Ocean Teacher Global Academy (OTGA, IOC-UNESCO)
- Ocean Biogeographic Information System
- The Global Ocean Observing System
- Group on Earth Observations 		There needs to be active dialogue between the science community in academia across disciplines, using established networks and groups (not create new ones as this just adds confusion).

In addition, as suggested earlier: Develop national policies that promote the observation of life in the sea and ecology in general in a manner that supports scientific openness and collaboration in regional settings that integrate globally. Build capacity in: 1) data collection using standard protocols and best practices, 2) data sharing, 3) integration of in situ observations with satellite remote sensing, 4) use of technologies for automated collection of biological and biodiversity observations.		Scientific community
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Ocean Policy Research Institute of the Sasakawa Peace FoundationJapanCapitalizing upon potential co-benefits and synergies in achieving SDG14 and other SDGs through social innovation and partnership. To promote “integration”, “innovation” and “partnership”. There is a need to act beyond the sectoral and compartmentalized approaches, and to amalgamate the impacts of actions for achieving sustainable ocean. Such actions need to be promoted through important principles and approaches such as the ecosystem-based approach, science – policy – stakeholder interface, precautionary principle, the public access to information, and stakeholders’ engagement in decision-making and participation. From these viewpoints, it is considered as important to provide a theme that addresses such interlinkages and cross-cutting issues related to SDG14 and other SDGs. Networking to support stakeholders involved in island and ocean management in the PacificTo support research, capacity development and international collaboration to materialize potential co-benefit and synergies in achieving SDGs through innovation and partnership. Scientific community
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Global Salmon InitiativeGlobal - Australia, Canada, Chile, Faroes, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway Challenges - aquaculture is missing from this vital conversation, which makes it difficult for us to effectively communicate and educate on the role of aquaculture and seafood in meeting more of the SDGs, plus it is often viewed separately to many of the other topics.

Opportunities - aquaculture supports many of the SDGs and can be used as a clear example of how connected SDG14 is to the other goals. By integrating the two we can show how life under water connects and supports many other goals including health, equality, food security and many others.

Better integration of seafood, including aquaculture, into SDG 14 and the other goals. More awareness of its role in meeting the SDGs will allow for improved integration into sustainable planning and development.www.globalsalmoninitiative.org 1. Improving communication around seafood, and aquaculture as part of SDG 14
2. Support more multi-sectoral partnerships to support progress towards SDG14		Private sector
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Marine Stewardship CouncilSpainChallenge: SGD14 is very unkown SDG, not priority in many countries and the advances are very limited.
Opportunities: SGD14 can contribute to Zero Hunger (SGD 2), Responsible Production and Consumption (SGD12), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SGD 8), mitigation of climate change (SGD 13), ecosystem and biodiversity (SGD 15) and partnerships (SGD 17)		Enhance the knowledge about the Oceans and the fisheries in the society.
Bring more attention to seafood as key element of the sustainable, low carbon and healthy diet.
Enhance traceability and transparency along supply chains.
Assure Supply chains are free from forced and child labour and promote adoption of ILO 188.
Promote initiatives for sustainable supply chains in the seafood sectors
Promote Sustainable fisheries as a factor of resilience against climate change impact		MSC is an environmental organization and a standard setter for sustainable fisheries. We want to help consumers to make the best environmental choices by choosing the
products labelled with the blue fish. Through our work we provide clear actions and fulfilment of the SDG targets set up by the UN. MSC provides a solution-based approach where cooperation can be found throughout our value chain.
Today, more than 360 fisheries representing 15% of the world wild catch is certified under the MSC program. Leader companies around the world are sourcing from this sustainable sources and more tan 37.000 products bear the MSC label providing sustainable consumption choices to consumers.
For some species like tuna, this partnership of producers, processors, brands, retailers, consumers, scientist, and other stakeholders is transforming the market and delivering important improvements in the international management of these important species as well as the environmental impact of the operations. Today 22% of the global tuna catch is MSC certified and another 8% is in assessment.
RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION 12
> Fish and marine resources are the food for the future.
> Growth in population: increased need for protein, and blue foods will be an important contributor.
> To meet future demands, it’s essential that wild capture fisheries are sustainable, and that feed to aquaculture doesn’t come from vulnerable wild fish-stocks.
> Transparency and traceability in supply Chain
DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH 8
> No forced or child labour. Decent wages and working hours
> Green investments into certified fisheries makes money flow in the right direction
CLIMATE ACTION 13
> Well managed fisheries are more resilient to climate change
> The combined effects of climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction and poor fisheries management are placing unprecedented pressure on our oceans
That is why sustainable fishing practices can help mitigate effects of climate change.
> Changes in diets to more seafood have potential to reduce CO2 emissions.
Civil society organization
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Flanders Marine InstituteBelgiumApplying Transdisciplinary approach, developing Sustainability Science approach. This is based on STEM disciplines but also includes human and social sciences, involving stakeholders from different areas of expertise and sectors to design solutions and action to address societal challenges through the SDG; Capacity Development and Transfer of Marine Technology : we should move forward together (leave no one behind)develop and implement policy instruments and policy objectives that link and align different SDG areas; implement thinktank and/or advisory boards to co-design integrated solutions; promote the 'Ocean-Climate-Biodiversity' nexus; take a regional/sea basin approach (regional differences require regional solutions) but within a global (interoperable) system; an example is the Atlantic approach (Galway-Belém)European Marine Board; Joint Pogramming Initiative-Oceans (JPI-Ocean); the sea basin partnerships (Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean, ...); IOC-UNESCO* Support/promote the development of a global data and information hub;
*support/promote focused capacity development programs;
*promote the development of a Global Ocean Data Policy (including climate, seafood, biodiversity, blue economy, ...) data;
*Develop incentives for data sharing;
*develop and implement policy instruments and policy objectives that link and align different SDG areas;
*implement thinktank and/or advisory boards to co-design integrated solutions;
*promote the 'Ocean-Climate-Biodiversity' nexus;
*take a regional/sea basin approach (regional differences require regional solutions) but within a global (interoperable) system; an example is the Atlantic approach (Galway-Belém)		Scientific community
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Fundação Antonio MeneghettiBrazilThe main challenge, in our point of view, is the one of thinking in a holistic way about the social economical development. In that sense, one can see that when SDG 14 is well developed many opportunities regarding education, environment, quality of life and health come along together. To see the ocean as an huge important part of our life on Earth would be the main challenge, but, at the same time, the great opportunity.An interesting point of view for each member state to follow this year, would be to map the economical activities related to the ocean and that are not harmfull to this evironment performed in their country. In this way, one can suport this economical uses of the ocean and publicize around the world these good practices.In Brazil, specifically, in the city of Florianópolis (SC), which is an island, we have an example of integration among the SDG 4 and the SDG 14. The institution of higher education Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, which is a public one, has developed researches in its Oceanography and Engeneering courses regarding oyster prodcution. Using the technology developed in this institution, fisherman from Florianópolis now have another source of income, because they also create oysters and have restaurants that serve it to the tourists. Another example is the famous Brazilian navigator, Amyr Klink, which uses the knowledge of the Brazilian builders of the popular boat named "jangada" to add different features to his famous boat named Parati.To map non-invasive economic initiatives that use the ocean in a sustainable way in each country. Based on this mapping, each member state can choose some of these areas, which are already their nation's economic vocations, to invest. By making the population appreciate the ocean as beauty natural resource and also as an economical resource, it is easier to make people welcome maritime environmental preservation campaigns.Civil society organization
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