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1 | Citation | Model Change | ||||||||||||||||||
2 | Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
3 | Bennett, Daniel, and Pam Fielding. 1999. The Net Effect: How Cyberadvocacy Is Changing the Political Landscape. Merrifield, VA: e-advocates Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
4 | Beyer, Jessica Lucia. 2011. "Youth and the Generation of Political Consciousness Online." Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Political Science, University of Washington. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
5 | Bimber, Bruce, Andrew J. Flanagin, and Cynthia Stohl. 2005. "Reconceptualizing Collective Action in the Contemporary Media Environment." Communication Theory 15 (4):365-388. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
6 | Earl, Jennifer, and Alan Schussman. 2001. "From Barricades to Firewalls: The Strategic Voting Movement and the Changing Face of Contention on the Internet." Annual Meetings at The American Sociological Association, Anaheim, CA. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | Earl, Jennifer, and Alan Schussman. 2003. "The New Site of Activism: On-Line Organizations, Movement Entrepreneurs, and the Changing Location of Social Movement Decision-Making." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change 24:155-187. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
8 | Earl, Jennifer, and Alan Schussman. 2004. "Cease and Desist: Repression, Strategic Voting and the 2000 Presidential Election." Mobilization 9 (2):181-202. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | Earl, Jennifer, and Katrina Kimport. 2011. Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
10 | Earl, Jennifer, Heather McKee Hurwitz, Analicia Mejia Mesinas, Margaret Tolan, and Ashley Arlotti. 2013. "This Protest Will Be Tweeted: Twitter and Protest Policing during the Pittsburgh G20." Information, Communication & Society 16 (4):459-478. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | Earl, Jennifer, Katrina Kimport, Greg Prieto, Carly Rush, and Kimberly Reynoso. 2010. "Changing the World One Webpage at a Time: Conceptualizing and Explaining 'Internet Activism." Mobilization 15 (4):425-446. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | Earl, Jennifer. 2007. "Leading Tasks in a Leaderless Movement: The Case of Strategic Voting." American Behavioral Scientist 50 (10):1327-1349. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
13 | Eschenfelder, Kristen R., Robert Glenn Howard, and Anuj C. Desai. 2005. "Who Posts DeCSS and Why? A Content Analysis of Web Sites Posting DVD Circumvention Software." Journal for the American Society for Information Science and Technology 56 (13):1405-1418. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
14 | Eschenfelder, Kristin R., and Anuj C. Desai. 2004. "Software as Protest: The Unexpected Resiliency of U.S.-Based DeCSS Posting and Linking." The Information Society 20 (2):101-116. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
15 | Gurak, Laura J. 1997. Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests over Lotus MarketPlace and the Clipper Chip. New Haven: Yale University Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
16 | Gurak, Laura J. 1999. "The Promise and the Peril of Social Action in Cyberspace." In Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Mark A. Smith and Peter Kollock, 243-263. London: Routledge. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
17 | Gurak, Laura J., and John Logie. 2003. "Internet Protests, from Text to Web." In Cyberactivism: Online Activism and Theory and Practice, edited by Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers, 25-46. New York: Routledge. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
18 | Rainie, Lee, and Barry Wellman. 2012. Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
19 | Schussman, Alan, and Jennifer Earl. 2004. "From Barricades to Firewalls? Strategic Voting and Social Movement Leadership in the Internet Age." Sociological Inquiry 74 (4):439-463. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2004.00100.x. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | Shirky, Clay. 2008. Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations. New York: Penguin Press. | Y | ||||||||||||||||||
21 | Aday, Sean, Henry Farrell, Marc Lynch, John Sides, and Deen Freelon. 2012. Blogs and Bullets II: New Media and Conflict After the Arab Spring. In Peaceworks. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute on Peace. | |||||||||||||||||||
22 | Aday, Sean, Henry Farrell, Marc Lynch, John Sides, John Kelly, and Ethan Zuckerman. 2010. Blogs And Bullets: New Media In Contentious Politics. In Peaceworks. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace. | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | Alexanyan, Karina, Vladimir Barash, Bruce Etling, Robert Faris, Urs Gasser, John Kelly, John Palfrey, and Hal Roberts. 2012. Exploring Russian Cyberspace: Digitally-Mediated Collective Action and the Networked Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | Almeida, Paul D., and Mark Irving Lichbach. 2003. "To the Internet, from the Internet: Comparative Media Coverage of Transnational Protests." Mobilization 8 (3):249-272. | |||||||||||||||||||
25 | Arquilla, John, and David Ronfeldt. 2001. Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy: RAND. | |||||||||||||||||||
26 | Ayers, Michael D. 2003. "Comparing Collective Identity in Online and Offline Feminist Activists." In Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, edited by Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers, 145-164. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
27 | Ayres, Jeffrey M. 1999. "From the Streets to the Internet: The Cyber-Diffusion of Contention." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 566 (1):132-143. | |||||||||||||||||||
28 | Ayres, Jeffrey M. 2005. "Transnational Activism in the Americas: The Internet and Innovations in the Repertoire of Contention." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 26:35-61. | |||||||||||||||||||
29 | Bakardjieva, Maria. 2009. "Subactivism: Lifeworld and Politics in the Age of the Internet." The Information Society 25 (2):91-104. | |||||||||||||||||||
30 | Balkin, Jack M. 2004. "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: a Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society." NYU Law Review 79 (1). | |||||||||||||||||||
31 | Bennet, W. Lance. 2003. "New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism." In Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World, edited by Nick Couldry and James Curran, 17-37. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield. | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | Bennett, W. Lance, Christian Breunig, and Terri Givens. 2008. "Communication and Political Mobilization: Digital Media and the Organization of Anti-Iraq War Demonstrations in the U.S." Political Communication 25 (3):269-289. | |||||||||||||||||||
33 | Bennett, W. Lance. 2003. "Communicating Global Activism: Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Networked Politics." Information, Communication and Society 6 (2):143-168. | |||||||||||||||||||
34 | Bennett, W. Lance. 2003. "New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism." In Contesting Media Power, edited by Nick Couldry and James Curran, 17-37. New York: Rowman and Littlefield. | |||||||||||||||||||
35 | Bennett, W. Lance. 2004. "Social Movements Beyond Borders: Understanding Two Eras of Transnational Activism." In Transnational Protest and Global Activism, edited by Donatella della Porta and Sidney Tarrow, 203-227. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. | |||||||||||||||||||
36 | Bennett, W.Lance. 2004a. "Communicating Global Activism: Strengths and Vulnerabilities of Networked Politics " In Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements, edited by Wim van de Donk, Brian D. Loader, Paul G. Nixon and Deiter Rucht, 123-146. New York Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
37 | Bimber, Bruce, Andrew J. Flanagin, and Cynthia Stohl. 2012. Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | |||||||||||||||||||
38 | Bimber, Bruce, Cynthia Stohl, and Andrew J. Flanagin. 2008. "Technological Change and the Shifting Nature of Political Organization." In Handbook of Internet Politics, edited by Andrew Chadwick, 72-85. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
39 | Bob, Clifford. "Institutionalization or Contestation? Transnational Battles over Expression and Privacy in Internet Governance." Global Internet Governance Academic Network 2nd Annual Symposium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 11 November 2007. | |||||||||||||||||||
40 | Brunsting, Suzanne, and Tom Postmes. 2002. "Social Movement Participation in the Digital Age: Predicting Offline and Online Collective Action." Small Group Research 33 (5):525-554. | |||||||||||||||||||
41 | Burns, Alex, and Ben Eltham. 2009. "Twitter Free Iran: an Evaluation of Twitter's Role in Public Diplomacy and Information Operations in Iran's 2009 Election Crisis." Communications Policy & Research Forum 2009, University of Technology, Sydney, November 19-20, 2009. | |||||||||||||||||||
42 | Cardoso, Gustavo, and Pedro Pereira Neto. 2004. "Mass Media Driven Mobilization and Online Protest: ICTs and the pro-East Timor movement in Portugal." In Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements, edited by W.V.D. Donk, B.D. Loader, et al. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
43 | Carty, Victoria. 2002. "Technology and Counter-hegemonic Movements: The Case of Nike Corporation." Social Movement Studies 1 (2):129-146. | |||||||||||||||||||
44 | Carty, Victoria. 2011. Wired and Mobilizing: Social Movements, New Technology, and Electoral Politics. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
45 | Castells, Manuel. 1997. The Power of Identity. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. | |||||||||||||||||||
46 | Castells, Manuel. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Malden, MA: Polity Press. | |||||||||||||||||||
47 | Chadwick, Andrew. 2007. "Digital Network Repertoires and Organizational Hybridity." Political Communication 24:283-301. | |||||||||||||||||||
48 | Clark, J. D., and N. S. Themudo. 2003. "The age of protest: internet based "dot causes" and the "anti-globalization" movement." In Globalizing Civic Engagement. Civil Society and Transnational Action, edited by J.D. Clark. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd. | |||||||||||||||||||
49 | Cloward, Richard A., and Frances Fox Piven. 2001. "Disrupting Cyberspace: A New Frontier for Labor Activism?" New Labour Forum Spring/Summer 2001:91-94. | |||||||||||||||||||
50 | Cohen, Cathy J., Joseph Kahne, Benjamin Bowyer, Ellen Middaugh, and Jon Rogowski. 2012. Participatory Politics: New Media and Youth Political Action. Chicago: MacArthur. | |||||||||||||||||||
51 | Dahlgren, Peter, and Tobias Olsson. 2007. "Young activists, Political Horizons and the Internet: Adapting the Net to One’s Purposes." In Young Citizens in the Digital Age: Political Engagement, Young People and New Media, edited by Brian Loader, 68-81. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
52 | Dahlgren, Peter. 2000. "The Internet and the Democratization of Civic Culture." Political Communication 17 (4):335-340. | |||||||||||||||||||
53 | Dahlgren, Peter. 2005. "The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation." Political Communication 22 (2):147-162. | |||||||||||||||||||
54 | Damphousse, Kelly R., and Brent L. Smith. 1998. "The Internet: A Terrorist Medium for the 21st Century." In The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millennium, edited by Harvey W. Kushner, 208-224. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. | |||||||||||||||||||
55 | Danitz, T., and W.P. Strobel. 1999. "The Internet's Impact on Activism: the Case of Burma." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 22 (3):257-269. | |||||||||||||||||||
56 | Dawson, Lorne L., and Jenna Hennebry. 1999. "New Religions and the Internet: Recruiting in a New Public Space." Journal of Contemporary Religion 14 (1):17-39. | |||||||||||||||||||
57 | Deibert, R.J. 2000. "International Plug 'n' Play? Citizen Activism, the Internet, and Global Public Policy." International Studies Perspectives 1 (3):255-272. | |||||||||||||||||||
58 | della Porta, Donatella, and Lorenzo Mosca. 2009. "Searching the Net: Web Sites’ Qualities in the Global Justice Movement." Information, Communication & Society 12 (6):771–792. | |||||||||||||||||||
59 | Denning, D.E. 2001. "Activism, hacktivism, and cyberterrorism: the internet as a tool for influencing foreign policy " In Networks and netwars: the future of terror, crime, and militancy, edited by J. Arquilla and D. Ronfeld. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation. | |||||||||||||||||||
60 | Diani, Mario. 2000. "Social Movement Networks Virtual and Real." Information, Communication and Society 3 (3):386-401. | |||||||||||||||||||
61 | Donk, Wim Van De, Brian D. Loader, Paul G. Nixon, and Dieter Rucht, eds. 2004. Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
62 | Downing, John D.H. 1989. "Computers for Political Change: PeaceNet and Public Data Access." Journal of Communication 39 (3):154-162. | |||||||||||||||||||
63 | Downing, John, Rob Fasano, Patricia A. Friedland, Michael F. McCullough, Terry Mizrahi, and Jeremy J. Shapiro. 1991. "Computers for Social Change: Introduction." In Computers for Social Change and Community Organizing, edited by John Downing, Rob Fasano, Patricia A. Friedland, Michael F. McCullough, Terry Mizrahi and Jeremy J. Shapiro, 1-8. New York: Haworth Press. | |||||||||||||||||||
64 | Eagleton-Pierce, Mathew. 2001. "The Internet and the Seattle WTO Protests." Peace Review 13 (3):331-337. | |||||||||||||||||||
65 | Earl, Jennifer , and Katrina Kimport. 2008. "The Targets of Online Protest: State and Private Targets of Four Online Protest Tactics." Information, Communication and Society 11 (4):449-472. | |||||||||||||||||||
66 | Earl, Jennifer, and Alan Schussman. 2008. "Contesting Cultural Control: Youth Culture and Online Petitioning." In Digital Media and Civic Engagement, edited by W. Lance Bennett, 71-95. Cambridge: MIT Press. | |||||||||||||||||||
67 | Earl, Jennifer, and Katrina Kimport. 2009. "Movement Societies and Digital Protest: Fan Activism and Other Non-Political Protest Online." Sociological Theory 23 (3):220-243. | |||||||||||||||||||
68 | Earl, Jennifer, and Katrina Kimport. 2010. "The Diffusion of Different Types of Internet Activism: Suggestive Patterns in Website Adoption of Innovations." In Dynamics of Diffusion in Social Movements, edited by Becky Givans, Kenneth Roberts and Sarah A. Soule, 125-139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | |||||||||||||||||||
69 | Earl, Jennifer. 2006. "Pursuing Social Change Online: The Use of Four Protest Tactics on the Internet." Social Science Computer Review 24 (3):362-377. doi: 10.1177/0894439305284627. | |||||||||||||||||||
70 | Earl, Jennifer. 2010. "Dynamics of Protest-Related Diffusion on the Web." Information, Communication and Society 13 (2):209-225. | |||||||||||||||||||
71 | Earl, Jennifer. 2011. "Protest Online: Theorizing the Consequences of Online Engagement." Outcomes of Social Movements and Protest Conference, Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin, Germany, June 24, 2011. | |||||||||||||||||||
72 | Earl, Jennifer. 2012. "Private Protest? Public and Private Engagement Online." Information, Communication & Society 15 (4):591-608. | |||||||||||||||||||
73 | Earl, Jennifer. 2012. "The Internet, Occupy Wall Street, and the Tea Party." Annual Meetings of the International Communication Association, Phoenix, Arizona, May 2012. | |||||||||||||||||||
74 | Elkins, David J. 1997. "Globalization, Telecommunication, and Virtual Ethnic Communities." International Political Science Review 18 (2):139-152. | |||||||||||||||||||
75 | Ems, Lindsay. 2009. "Twitter Use in Iranian, Moldovan and G-20 Summit Protests Presents New Challenges for Governments." CHI 2009, Boston, Massachusetts. | |||||||||||||||||||
76 | Etling, Bruce, Robert Faris, and John Palfrey. 2010. "Political Change in the Digital Age: The Fragility and Promise of Online Organizing." SAIS Review Summer-Fall 37-49. | |||||||||||||||||||
77 | Fandy, Mamoun. 1999. "CyberResistance: Saudi Opposition Between Globalization and Localization." Comparative Study of Society and History 41 (1):124-147. | |||||||||||||||||||
78 | Fisher, Dana R. 1998. "Rumoring Theory and the Internet: A Framework for Analyzing the Grass Roots." Social Science Computer Review 16 (2):158-168. | |||||||||||||||||||
79 | Fisher, Dana R., and Marije Boekkooi. 2010. "Mobilizing Friends and Strangers: Understanding the Role of the Internet in the Step It Up Day of Action." Information, Communication & Society 13 (2):193-208. | |||||||||||||||||||
80 | Fisher, Dana, Kevin Stanley, David Berman, and Gina Neff. 2005. "How Do Organizations Matter? Mobilization and Support for Participants at Five Globalization Protests." Social Problems 52:102-121. | |||||||||||||||||||
81 | Flanagin, Andrew J., Cynthia Stohl, and Bruce Bimber. 2006. "Modeling the Structure of Collective Action." Communication Monographs 73:29-54. | |||||||||||||||||||
82 | Froehling, O. 1997. "The Cyberspace "War of Ink and Internet"." Geographical Review 87 (2):291-307. | |||||||||||||||||||
83 | Galusky, Wyatt. 2003. "Identifying with Information: Citizen Empowerment, the Internet, and the Environmental Anti-Toxins Movement." In Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, edited by Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
84 | Ganesh, Shiv, and Cynthia Stohl. 2010. "Qualifying Engagement: A Study of Information and Communication Technology and the Global Social Justice Movement in Aotearoa New Zealand." Communication Monographs 77 (1):51-74. doi: 10.1080/03637750903514284. | |||||||||||||||||||
85 | Garrett, R. Kelly, and Paul N. Edwards. 2007. "Revoluntionary Secrets: Technology's Role in the South African Anti-Apartheid Movement." Social Science Computer Review 25 (1):13-26. | |||||||||||||||||||
86 | Garrett, R. Kelly. 2006. "Protest in an Information Society: A Review of the Literature on Social Movement and New ICTs." Information, Communication, and Society 9 (2):202-224. | |||||||||||||||||||
87 | Garrido, Maria, and Alexander Halavais. 2003. "Mapping Networks of Support for the Zapatista Movement: Applying Social-Networks Analysis to Study Contemporary Social Movements." In Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice, edited by Martha McCaughey and Michael D. Ayers, 165-184. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
88 | Gerhards, Jurgen, and Dieter Rucht. 1992. "Mesomobilization: Organizing and Framing in Two Protest Campaigns in West Germany." American Journal of Sociology 98 (3):555-95. | |||||||||||||||||||
89 | Gillan, Kevin. 2009. "The UK Anti-war Movement Online: Uses and Limitations of Internet Technologies for Contemporary Activism." Information, Communication & Society 12 (1):25–43. | |||||||||||||||||||
90 | Gladwell, Malcolm. 2010. "Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted." New Yorker, October 4, 2010. | |||||||||||||||||||
91 | Grignou, Brigitte le, and Charles Patou. 2004. "ATTAC(k)ing Expertise: Does the Internet Really Democratize Knowledge?" In Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements, edited by W.V.D. Donk, B.D. Loader, et al. New York: Routledge. | |||||||||||||||||||
92 | Grossman, Lev. 2009. "Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement." Time. | |||||||||||||||||||
93 | Hackenberg, Robert A. 2000. "Joe Hill in Cyberspace: Steps Toward Creating "One Big Union"." Human Organization 59 (3):365-369. | |||||||||||||||||||
94 | Hasian, Marouf Jr. 2001. "The Internet and the Human Genome." Peace Review 13 (3):375-380. | |||||||||||||||||||
95 | Hill, K., and J. Hughes. 1998. Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. | |||||||||||||||||||
96 | Hindman, Matthew, Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis, and Judy A. Johnson. 2004. How and Why the Web Matters for Politics: An Emperical Examination of Link Structure Within Online Political Communities. | |||||||||||||||||||
97 | Hooghe, Marc, Sara Vissers, Dietlind Stolle, and Valérie-Anne Mahéo. 2010. "The Potential of Internet Mobilization: An Experimental Study on the Effect of Internet and Face-to-Face Mobilization Efforts." Political Communication 27 (4):406-431. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2010.516799. | |||||||||||||||||||
98 | Horton, Dave. 2004. "Local Environmentalism and the Internet." Environmental Politics 13 (4):734-753. | |||||||||||||||||||
99 | Howard, Philip N., and Muzammil M. Hussain. 2011. "The Role of Digital Media." Journal of Democracy 22 (3):35-48. | |||||||||||||||||||
100 | Johnston, Hank, and Shoon Lio. 1998. "Collective Behavior and Social Movements in the Post-Modern Age: Looking Backward to Look Forward." Sociological Perspectives 41 (3):453-472. |