prisoners-press - Google Drive


1	U.S. historical prison newspaper and periodical publication span dataset									Repository:
2										http://acrosswalls.org/datasets/
3										Version: 1.0
4	lid	state	city	prison name	publication	first-year	fyc	last-year	lyc
5	1	Alabama	Speigner	Draper Prison	Draper Inmate / Pens & Bars / Newsletter	1939	s	1980	x	state and city, along with type=sp and fic=1, can be used to match into the Prison Library Dataset
6	4	Alabama	Montgomery	Kilby Prison and Receiving and Classification Center	Kilby Sun	1961	s	1966	x
7	5	Alabama	Elmore	Draper Correctional Center	Reporter	1961	s	1966	x
8	6	Alabama	Kilby	Kilby Prison	Wings Over	1951	s	1951	x
9	7	Alaska	Eagle River	Hiland Mountain and Meadow Creek Correctional Centers	Eagle Cry	1993	s	1997	c
10	8	Alaska	Fairbanks	State Correctional Center	Reflections	1988	s	1997	c	In many prisons, a prison publication has folded and then later, another one has started.
11	9	Alaska	Palmer	Adult Conservation Camp	Williwaw Journal	1962	s	1966	x	in the publication field, names of different publications at the institution are separated by /
12	10	Arizona	Florence	State Prison	Desert Press / Cactus Blossom / Vanguard / El Saguaro / La Roca	1933	s	1984	x
13	15	Arizona	Goodyear	State Prison	Perryville Times	1982	x	1986	x	first-year: first year a publication at the given prison has been known to exist
14	17	Arkansas	Grady	Cummins Unit	Long Line Writer	1983	x	1990	x
15	18	California	Frontera	State Institution for Women	Clarion	1966	e	1975	e	last-year: last year a publication at the given prison is known to have existed,
16	19	California	Lancaster	Vocational Institute for Men	Crossroads	1948	s	1966	x	or the first year a publication at that institution is known NOT to have existed (lyc=x)
17	20	California	Tehachapi	State Correctional Institution	Hilltopper	1955	s	1969	x
18	21	California	Represa	Folsom Prison	Observer	1936	s	1966	x	first-year and last-year codes (fyc and lyc):
19	22	California	Chino	Institute for Men	Pioneer News	1941	s	1966	x	s - starting year
20	23	California	San Quentin	San Quentin Prison	San Quentin News	1940	s	1981	x	e - first/last year existence known
21	24	California	Soledad	California Training Facility	Soledad Star-News	1947	s	1966	x	x - terminated prior to 1997
22	25	California	Vacaville	Medical Facility	Vacavalley Star	1955	s	1984	x	c - existed as of 1996
23	26	California	Los Padres	California Men's Colony	Communicator	1966	x	1966		t- terminating year
24	26.1	California	Susanville	California Conservation Center	Mountainer	1967	e	1967
25	26.2	California	San Pedro	Federal Correctional Facility at Terminal Island	T.I. News	1955	e	1981	e	Note that first-year and last-year may refer to different publications at the same prison.
26	27	Colorado	Buena Vista	State Reformatory	Buena Vista / Spotlight News	1958	s	1986	x
27	28	Colorado	Canon City	State Penitentiary	Interpreter	1966	s	1974	x
28	29	Colorado	Denver	Federal Correctional Institution	Rocky Mountain Breezes	1942	e	1942		Primary sources:
29	30	Colorado	Canon City	Correctional Facility	Writing on the Walls	1990	e	1990		Barrows, Isabel C. (1910). Periodicals in Reformatories and Prisons. Penal and Reformatory Institutions. v. 2 of Correction and Prevention. Charles Richmond Henderson, ed. New York, Charities Publication Committee: 236-60 (Ch. XI, Sec. 3)
30	31	Connecticut	Somers	State Prison	Bridge / Weekly Scene	1915	s	1971	x	Coulter, Isabella Kellock (1936). "A Study of Publications in National and State Penal and Correctional Institutions of the United States." Social Forces vol. 15(2): 255-61.
31	32	Connecticut	Niantic	State Prison and Farm for Women	Hour Glass	1942	x	1942		Baird, Russell N. (1967). The Penal Press. Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press.
32	34	Connecticut	Hazardville	State Prison	New View	1959	s	1966	x	Morris, James McGrath (2002). Jailhouse Journalism, 1998 ed., with new intro. ed. News Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publishers.
33	35	Connecticut	Wetherfield	State Prison	Monthly Record	1896	s	1896	x
34	36	Connecticut	Danbury	Federal Reformatory	Little Nutmeg / Nutmeg Guidon / Emancipator	1941	s	1942	x
35		Connecticut	Danbury	Federal Correctional Institution	Dan Muse	1950	s	1966	e
36	39	Delaware	Wilmington	Workhouse	Big House Gazette	1950	s	1950	x
37	40	Delaware	Georgetown	Sussex Correctional Institution	Isthmus	1996	e	1996
38	41	Delaware	Smyrna	State Correctional Center	New Light	1996	e	1996
39	42	District of Columbia	Occoquan, VA	Women's Reformatory	Her Echo	1961	s	1966	x
40	43	District of Columbia	DC	DC Jail	Insider	1947	s	1966	x
41	44	District of Columbia	Lorton, VA		Time & Tied / Poop Sheet	1946	s	1966	x
42	46	Florida	Chattahoochee	State Correctional Institution	Apalachee Diary	1950	s	1966	x
43	47	Florida	Belle Glade	State Correctional Institution	Do You Know?	1977	e	1986	e
44	48	Florida	Avon Park	State Correctional Institution	Dopester	1958	s	1966	x
45	49	Florida	Lowell	State Correctional Institution	Fla-Co-Lo	1957	s	1966	x
46	50	Florida	Raiford	Raiford Prison	Raiford Record	1935	s	1967	x
47	51	Florida	Tallahassee	Division of Correctional Road Prisons	Road Prison	1958	s	1966	x
48	52	Florida	Raiford	Union Correctional Institution	UCI Broadcast	1978	e	1979	x
49	53	Florida	Tallahassee	Federal Reformatory	Voice	1931	s	1931	x
50	53.1	Florida	Eglin AFB, Eglin	Federal Prison Camp	Eglin Chronicle / Gazette / The Doin' Time	1963	e	1980	e
51	54	Georgia	Alto	State Industrial Institute	Beacon	1949	s	1966	x
52	55	Georgia	Atlanta	Federal Penitentiary	Good Words / Atlantian	1912	s	1963	x
53	56	Georgia	Reidsville	State Prison	Spokesman / GSP News	1939	s	1985	x
54	56.1	Georgia	Jackson	Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center	The Classic	1974	e	1974
55	57	Hawaii	Oahu	Honolulu Jail	Halawa Bulletin	1962	s	1966	x
56	58	Hawaii	Honolulu	Oahy Prison	Pahao	1935	s	1966	x
57	59	Hawaii	Honolulu	State Prison	Pahao Nuhou	1955	s	1966	x
58	60	Idaho	Boise	State Penitentiary	Walled City Bulletin / Acme / Clock	1939	s	1976	t
59	63	Idaho	Kooskia	Federal Correctional Institution	Lochsa Pioneer	1942	e	1942
60	64	Illinois	Chicago	Cook County Jail	Can Opener	1917	s	1917	t
61	65	Illinois	Centralia	Centralia Correctional Center	Forum	1980	s	1983	x
62	66	Illinois	Stateville	State Penitentiary	Illinoisian / Stateville Roundhouse / Stateville Time	1940	s	1986	x
63	67	Illinois	Joliet	State Penitentiary	Prison Post / Joliet-Slateville Time	1914	s	1968	x
64	68	Illinois	Menard	State Penitentiary	Menard Time	1934	s	1990	x
65	69	Illinois	Dwight	State Reformatory for Women	Pathfinder	1949	s	1966	x
66	71	Illinois	Pontiac	State Penitentiary	Pioneer / Pontiac Flag News	1964	s	1966	x
67	72	Illinois	Dwight	State Correctional Center	Communique / S.E.E.D.	1982	e	1986	x
68	74	Illinois	Hilsboro	Graham Correctional Center	Telegraham	1980	s	1997	c
69	75	Illinois	Danville	State Correctional Center	Vanguard	1986	s	1990	x
70	76	Illinois	Vienna	State Correctional Center	Vienna in Progress	1986	e	1990	e
71	77	Illinois	Jacksonville	State Correctional Center	Bullet (Voice)	1980	s	1997	c
72	79	Indiana	Michigan City	State Prison	Bourne / Lake Shore Outlook / Bar-Less / Encourager	1939	s	1973	x
73	81	Indiana	Greencastle	State Farm	Hill Top Crier	1934	s	1934	x
74	82	Indiana	Jeffersonville	State Reformatory	Hot Drops	1896	e	1896
75	83	Indiana	Pendleton	State Reformatory	Reflector	1897	s	1922	x
76	84	Indiana	Terre Haute	Federal Penitentiary	Terrescope	1942	e	1972	e
77	85	Indiana	Indianapolis	State Prison for Women	Chit Chat / 15 Acres	1957	s	1966	e
78	86	Iowa	Anamosa	State Reformatory	Anamosa Prison Press / Hawkeye	1898	e	1966	x
79	87	Iowa	Fort Madison	State Prison	Presidio	1934	s	1971	x
80	88	Kansas	Hutchinson	State Reformatory	Harbinger / Reformatory Herald	1939	s	1966	x
81	89	Kansas	Lansing	State Industrial Farm for Women	Lancer	1965	s	1966	x
82	90	Kansas	Leavenworth	Federal Prison	New Era (Stray Shots)	1914	s	1967	t
83	91	Kansas	Lansing	State Penitentiary	Square Deal / Stretch / Concept	1916	s	1975	x
84	92	Kentucky	Ashland	Federal Reformatory	Barometer	1942	s	1942	x
85	93	Kentucky	Eddyville	State Penitentiary	Castle on the Cumberland / Root / Inter-Prison Press	1961	s	1980	e
86	95	Kentucky	Lexington	Federal Correctional Institution	Flak / F.C. Eye	1975	e	1979	e
87	96	Kentucky	La Grange	State Reformatory	Hours / Skytower News / Skytower Magazine	1936	s	1990	x
88	97	Kentucky	Eddyville	State Prison	Rehabilitator	1940	s	1940	x
89	98	Louisiana	Angola	State Penitentiary	Angola Argus / Angolite	1940	s	2006	c
90	99	Louisiana	Angie	Washington Correctional Institute	Chainlink Chronicle	1986	e	1996	e
91	100	Louisiana	St. Gabriel	Hunt Correctional Center	Hunt Walk Talk	1981	e	1984	e
92	101	Louisiana	DeQuincy	Phelps Correctional Center	Insider	1996	e	1996
93	102	Louisiana	Jackson	Dixon Correctional Institute	Straight Low	1995	e	1996	e
94	103	Maine	Thomaston	State Prison	Vox / Tommy-Town News / Coastline	1942	s	1975	e
95	104	Maryland	Baltimore	State Penitentiary	Courier	1952	s	1966	x
96	105	Maryland	Jessup	State House of Correction	Conqueror	1962	s	1966	x
97	106	Maryland	Hagerstown	State Correctional Institution	Trumpet / Roxbury Review	1954	e	1986	e
98	107	Maryland	Jessup	State Correctional Institution for Women	Soundings	1950	s	1966	x
99	109	Massachusetts	Bridgwater	State Correctional Institution	Beacon	1960	s	1966	x
100	110	Massachusetts	Norfolk	Prison Colony	Colony	1935	s	1966	x
101	111	Massachusetts	Framingham	State Correctional Institution	Harmony News	1945	s	1966	x
102	112	Massachusetts	Charleston	State Prison	Mentor	1898	s	1966	x
103	113	Massachusetts	Norfolk	Correctional Institute	Odyssey	1990	s	1990	x
104	114	Massachusetts	Concord	State Correctional Institution	Our Paper	1885	s	1966	x
105	115	Massachusetts	Pittsfield	Berkshire County Jail & House of Correction	Bars & Stripes	1965	s	1966	e
106	116	Massachusetts		Bristol County Jail & House of Correction	Bristol Crier	1963	s	1966	e
107	117	Massachusetts	Westfield	Hampden County Dentention Center	Bi-weekly Announcer	1965	s	1966	e
108	118	Massachusetts	Springfield	Hampden County Jail & House of Correction	The New Yorker	1963	s	1966	e
109	119	Massachusetts		Hampshire County House of Correction	Union House	1966	s	1966	e
110	120	Massachusetts	South Carver	Massachusetts Prison Camps	The Camper	1966	s	1966	e
111	121	Michigan	Ionia	State Reformatory	Hilltop News	1928	s	1966	x
112	122	Michigan	Ypsilanti	Huron Valley Men's Facility	Monitor	1982	s	1995	x
113	123	Michigan	Jackson	State Prison	Spectator	1930	s	1974	x
114	124	Michigan	Plymouth	Detroit House of Correction	Voice	1935	s	1966	x
115	125	Michigan	Marquette	State Prison	Weekly Progress / Northlander	1938	s	1944	x
116	126	Michigan	Marquette	State House of Correction & Branch Prison	Weekly Progress / Northwoods Bulletin	1938	s	1966	e
117		Michigan	Milan	Federal Correctional Institution	The Insider	1965	s	1966	e
118	128	Minnesota	Sandstone	Federal Correctional Institution	Gist / Parrot / Northernaire	1942	e	1975	e
119	129	Minnesota	Oak Park Heights	State Correctional Institution	Perspective	1986	e	1986
120	130	Minnesota	Stillwater	State Prison	Prison Mirror	1887	s	1988	x
121	131	Minnesota	Shakopee	State Reformatory for Women	Reflector	1935	s	1966	x
122	132	Minnesota	St. Cloud	State Reformatory	Reformatory Pillar	1966	e	1977	e
123	133	Minnesota	Circle Pines	Minnesota Reception & Diagnostic Center	Lino Syndicate	1963	s	1966	e
124	134	Minnesota	Togo	Thistledew Lake Forestry Camp	Boondocker Times	1961	s	1966	e
125	135	Minnesota	Willow River	Willow River Forestry Camp	Informer	1952	s	1966	e
126	136	Mississippi	Parchman	State Prison	Inside World	1949	s	1966	x
127		Mississippi	Holly Springs	Marshall County Correction Facility	New Directions	1997
128	137	Missouri	Jefferson City	State Penitentiary	Student / Jefftown Journal	1949	e	1980	x
129	138	Missouri	Jefferson City	State Reformatory	Flood Light	1945	s	1945	x
130	139	Missouri	Springfield	Federal Medical Facility for Prisoners	Ozark Echo / The Epitome	1942	e	1966	e
131	140	Missouri	Moberly	State Medium-Security Prison	Rocketeer	1963	s	1966	x
132	141	Montana	Deer Lodge	State Prison	MP News	1962	s	1966	x
133	142	Nebraska	Lincoln	State Penitentiary	Forum	1938	s	1966	x
134	143	Nevada	Carson City	State Prison	Sagebrush	1960	s	1966	x
135	144	New Jersey	Clinton	State Reformatory for Women	Ad Lib	1960	s	1966	x
136	145	New Jersey	Rahway	State Prison	Better Citizen / Dome	1936	e	1975	x
137	146	New Jersey	Bordentown	State Reformatory	Inside Bordentown / Bulletin	1940	s	1966	x
138	147	New Jersey	Annandale	State Reformatory	Stars & Bars	1950	s	1950	x
139	148	New Jersey	Trenton	State Prison	Viewpoint	1944	s	1944	x
140	149	New Mexico	Santa Fe	State Prison	El Boleton / Enchanted News / Santa Fe Prison News	1946	e	1984	x
141	150	New York	Staten Island	Arthur Kill Correctional Facility	Arthur Kill Alliance	1986	e	1986	x
142	151	New York	Attica	State Prison	Attican	1936	e	1936	x
143	152	New York	Auburn	State Correctional Facility	Auburn Collective	1974	e	1979	x
144	153	New York	New York	Debtors Prison	Forlorn Hope	1800	s	1800	x
145	154	New York	Stormville	Green Haven Correctional Facility	Greenhaven Monthly	1978	e	1979	x
146	155	New York	New York	Blackwell's Island	Observer	1916	e	1916	x
147	156	New York	Rikers Island	State Correctional Institution for Men	Rikers Review	1939	s	1966	x
148	157	New York	Ossining	Sing Sing Prison	Solitaire / Star of Hope / Bulletin	1887	s	1921	t
149	158	New York	Elmira	State Reformatory	Summary	1883	s	1966	x
150	159	New York	Clinton	State Prison	Tab-O-Graph	1944	e	1944
151	160	North Carolina	Jackson	Odom Prison	Odom Hi-Rider	1961	s	1966	x
152	161	Ohio	Lebanon	State Correctional Institution	Buccaneer / Advocate	1961	s	1975	x
153	162	Ohio	Chillicothe	Federal Reformatory	Flashlight / Chiliarch
154	163	Ohio	Marion	State Correctional Institution	M C Eye	1956	s	1966	x
155	164	Ohio	Mansfield	State Reformatory	Reformatory Outlook / New Day / Criterion	1903	s	1966	x
156	165	Ohio	Columbus	State Penitentiary	O.P. News	1892	s	1966	x
157	166	Ohio	London	State Prison Farm	Prison Farmer	1935	s	1935	x
158	167	Oklahoma	Lexington	Joseph Harp Correctional Center	Concepts	1990	e	1990
159	168	Oklahoma	McAlester	State Penitentiary	Eye Opener / Soonerland	1936	s	1966	x
160	169	Oklahoma	El Reno	Federal Reformatory	Outlook	1934	s	1934	x
161	170	Oklahoma	Granite	State Reformatory	News-Views	1949	s	1949	x
162	171	Oregon	Salem	State Penitentiary	Lend-a-hand / Shadows / Viewpoint	1903	s	1972	x
163	172	Pennsylvania	Philadelphia	State Correctional Institution	Umpire / Eastern Echo	1956	e	1966	x
164	173	Pennsylvania	Camp Hill	State Correctional Institution	Headliner	1947	s	1966	x
165	174	Pennsylvania	Pittsburg	Western Penitentiary	Keystone	1944	e	1944	x
166	175	Pennsylvania	Lewisburg	Federal Penitentiary	Periscope / Lens / Friday Flyer / First Step	1933	s	1972	x
167	176	Pennsylvania	Muncy	State Industrial Home for Women	Muncy Times	1942	e	1942	x
168	177	Pennsylvania	Muncy	State Correctional Institution	Prism	1962	s	1966	x
169	178	Pennsylvania		State Reformatory	Reformatory Record	1889	s	1889	x
170	179	Pennsylvania	Bellefonte	Western Penitentiary	Rockview	1889	s	1889	x
171	180	Pennsylvania	Philadelphia	Debtors Prison	Supporter	1800	s	1800	x
172	181	Pennsylvania	Pittsburg	State Correctional Institute	Vibrations	1970	s	1971	t
173	182	Pennsylvania	Easton	Northhampton County Prison	Inside News	1966	e	1966	x
174	183	Rhode Island	Howard	State Prison	Times / Hope Press	1948	s	1966	x
175	184	South Carolina	Columbia	State Penitentiary	About Face	1957	s	1966	x
176	185	South Dakota	Sioux Falls	State Penitentiary	Messenger	1921	s	1989	x
177	186	Tennessee	Nashville	State Penitentiary	This Is It / Interim	1951	s	1986	x
178	187	Tennessee	Nashville	Middle Tennessee Reception Center	Inside Story	1990	e	1990
179	188	Tennessee	Nashville	Riverbend Maximum Security Institution	Maximum Times	1990	e	1990
180	189	Tennessee	Only	Turney Center Industrial Prison	Only Voice	1990	e	1990
181	190	Tennessee	Tiptonville	Lake County Regional Correctional Facility	Paragon	1986	e	1986
182	191	Tennessee	Pikeville	Southeastern State Regional Correctional Facility	Verdict	1986	e	1986
183	191.1	Tennessee	Mephis	Shelby County Penal Farm	Lantern Daily	1965	e	1965
184	192	Texas	La Tuna	Federal Reformatory	B. Sentinel / El Centinela / Fronterizo	1941	e	1941
185	193	Texas	Huntsville	State Prison System	Monitor / Echo / Joint Endeavor / Wynot	1909	s	2001	x
186	194	Texas	Seagoville	Federal Reformatory	Seagazette / This 'N That	1948	s	1948	x
187	195	Texas	Texarkana	Federal Correctional Institution	Spot Light / The Crossroads	1942	e	1966
188	197	Utah	Draper	State Prison	The Point / Pointer News	1947	s	1966	x
189	198	Utah	Salt Lake City	State Prison	Utah Penwiper	1932	s	1932	x
190	199	Vermont	Windsor	State Prison	Green Mountain Graphic	1955	s	1966	x
191	200	Vermont	Rutland	State Women's Reformatory	ETC	1963	s	1966	x
192	201	Virginia	Goochland	State Industrial Farm for Women	Citizen	1941	s	1966	x
193	202	Virginia	Richmond	State Penitentiary	Beacon / FYSK Magazine / Virginian	1942	e	1984	x
194	203	Virginia	Bland	Bland Correctional Farm	The Roller	1956	s	1966	x
195	203.1	Virginia	State Farm	Southside State Farm	Reaching Out	1973	e	1973
196	204	Washington	Monroe	State Reformatory	Hornet / Totem / Prison Legal News	1942	e	2006	x
197	205	Washington	Walla Walla	State Penitentiary	Our Dope Book / Our View Point / Outlook	1913	s	1913	c
198	206	Washington	McNeil Island	Federal Penitentiary	Lantern	1924	s	1972
199	208	West Virgina	Alderson	Federal Reformatory for Women	Eagle	1933	s	1933	x
200	209	West Virgina	Moundsville	State Penitentiary	Penscope / New Penscope	1948	s	1979	x
201	210	Wisconsin	Wampun	State Prison	Candle / Wampum World	1943	e	1977	x
202	211	Wisconsin	Green Bay	State Reformatory	Bay Banner / Panorama Press	1952	s	1974	x
203	212	Wisconsin	Fox Lake	State Correctional Institution	WCI Solar Screen	1963	s	1972	x
204	213	Wyoming	Rawlins	State Penitentiary	Best Scene	1962	s	1975	x


1	Additional data on the U.S. prison press						Repository:
2							http://acrosswalls.org/datasets/
3							Version: 1.0
4	Star of Hope, New York state prison publication, 1903
5	Star of Hope copies printed	5,000					Pp. 281-2, 289 in
6	share of prisoners getting Star of Hope	67%					Number 1500 (1903). "Prison Journalism." The Bookman vol. (Nov.): 281-90.
7	copies to prisoners	2,929
8	copies to outside	2,071
9
10
11	New York state prison population, 1904
12	city	prison name	prisoners
13	Auburn	State Prison	1245				U.S. Census Bureau; see
14	Dannemora	Clinton Prison	1090				"prison library dataset" in workbook libraries-prisons-before-1940
15	Elmira	Reformatory (adults)	1338
16	Ossining	Sing Sing State Prison	1229
17	Napanoch	Eastern New York Reformatory	458
18	Bedford Hills	Reformatory for Women	220
19	Rochester	Western House of Refuge for Women, Albion (reformatory)	152
20
21	total prisoners, ex. Elmira		4,394
22
23
24
25	Newspapers outside prisons in 1904
26
27		newspapers	aggregate circ per issue (1000s)	circ per newspaper
28	daily	2452	19633	8,007			Calculated from Tables 44 and 47 in
29	weekly	15006	36227	2,414			Census of 1910, Reports, Manufactures, v. 10, pp. 789, 791.
30	top-10 city dailies	234	9915	42,372
31	others	2218	9718	4,381
32
33
34
35	Prison newspapers circulation trend
36			circulation	publications	circ/publication
37		1909	20,000	18	1,111		1909 figure: Barrows (1910) p. 259
38		1934	109,912	69	1,593		Barrows, Isabel C. (1910). Periodicals in Reformatories and Prisons. Penal and Reformatory Institutions. v. 2 of Correction and Prevention. Charles Richmond Henderson, ed. New York, Charities Publication Committee: 236-60 (Ch. XI, Sec. 3
39		1965	259,374	222	1,168
40
41
42
43	Outside circulation of prison publications in 1934
44		prison size range
45		low	high	prison publications	average outside circulation
46		481	7581	2	8500
47		159	2874	12	1500		p. 256 in Coulter, Isabella Kellock (1936). "A Study of Publications in National and State Penal and Correctional Institutions of the United States." Social Forces vol. 15(2): 255-61.
48		540	133	2	850		Id. states:
49		220	4104	3	750		The answers to the question as to the extent of outside circulation of the publications must have included, in many cases, the total circulation within and without the institution.
50		418	3300	5	650
51		240	5300	5	550
52		155	1496	8	450
53		100	1609	7	350
54		19	3486	7	250
55		224	2266	5	150
56		51	1200	13	112
57
58	total publications	69
59	total outside circulation	54,956
60	outside circ/publication	796
61	est outside circ/total circ	0.5
62	total circ/publication	1,593
63
64
65
66	U.S. prison publications circulation c. 1965
67
68	number of publications	222					Baird (1967) p. 12
69	outside circulation	80,416					Baird, Russell N. (1967). The Penal Press. Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press.
70	total circulation	240,036
71	total circulatin, adj. for non-reporting	259,374
72	outside circulation share	34%
73	circulation/publication	1,168
74
75
76
77	prison newspapers and magazines page total estimate, US 1885-1985
78
79	publications	100					estimates based on the prison press dataset
80	years	100
81	publication frequency / year	12
82	pages / publication	10
83
84	total pages	1200000
85
86
87	Prison-authors books
88	books published, 1789-1988	950					Pp. 293-341 in
89	estimated pages per book	200					Franklin, H. Bruce (1989). Prison literature in America: the victim as criminal and artist. New York, Oxford University Press.
90	total pages	190000
91
92
93
94
95	Daily newspapers outside prisons
96			papers	circ (millions)	circ/paper		Series R246-7 in
97		1880	850	3.1	3,647		U.S. Bureau of the Census (1975). Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.
98		1900	1967	15.1	7,677		Also
99		1910	2200	22.4	10,182		Carter, Susan B. et al. (2006). Historical statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
100		1920	2042	27.8	13,614
101		1930	1942	39.6	20,391
102		1940
103		1950
104		1960
105		1970	1748	62.1	35526.31579
106
107		1958
108		daily	58713	1778	33021.93476	4.124167678
109			26177	6315	4145.209818
110
111
112
113		year	newpapers	total circulation	circulation / newspaper
114		1909	2,600	24,212	9,312
115		1966	1,751	60,400	34,495
116
117				circ growth	3.7
118
119
120
121	U.S. wages in the 1820s
122		common laborer	daily	0.73	255.5		Margo, Robert A. (2000). Wages and labor markets in the United States, 1820-1860. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
123		artisan	daily	1.22	427
124		white collar	monthly	32.61	391.32


1	Most highly regarded prison publications in 1963					Repository:
2						http://acrosswalls.org/datasets/
3						Version: 1.0
4	rank	prison publication name	prison	city	state
5	1	The Atlantian	U.S. Penitentiary	Atlanta	GA	Based on poll of prison press editors
6	2	The Presidio	Iowa State Penitentiary	Fort Madison	IO	Reported on p. 55 of
7	3	The New Era	U.S. Penitentiary	Levenworth	KA	Fixx, James F. (1963). Journalists behind bars. Saturday Review.
8	4	The Mentor	Mass. Correctional Institution	South Walpole	MA
9	5	Lake Shore Outlook	Indiana State Prison	Michigan City	IN
10	6	The Raiford Record	Florida State Prison	Raiford	FL
11	7	The Menard time	Illinois State Prison	Menard	IL
12	8	The Spectator	South Michigan Prison	Jackson	MI
13	9	The Pendleton Reflector	Indiana Reformatory	Pendleton	IN
14	10	The Enchanted News	Penitentiary of New Mexico	Santa Fe	NM
15
16	Honorable Mention
17		The Courier	Maryland Penitentiary	Baltimore	MD
18		The Folsom Observer	Folsom State Prison	Represa	CA
19		The Habinger	Kansas State Industrial Reformatory	Hutchinson	KA