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Bilateral Trust Database by Barry Eichengreen and Orkun Saka
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When using this database, please cite: Eichengreen, B. & Saka, O. (2025). Cultural Stereotypes of Multinational Banks. Journal of the European Economic Association, forthcoming.
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Disclaimer
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While we did our best to provide the most accurate information possible, we do not take responsibility for any potential inconsistencies or inaccuracies.
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Coverage
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Bilateral trust between the residents of 30 European countries, as of 2022.
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Description
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This database contains information on how much trust the residents of a country express towards the residents of another country, across 30 European countries, as of 2022.
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The information was collected via nationally-representative surveys conducted online across 30 European countries in collaboration with the survey company Respondi in the second half of the year 2022.
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Sample details and coverage can be found in the summary table on this page.
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Variable Labels
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o_country
country of origin where trust is expressed
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d_country
country of destination towards which trust is expressed
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o_code
country code (origin)
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d_code
country code (destination)
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trust_rspdi
trust from Respondi (binary -Lot of trust-)
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trust_rspdi2
trust from Respondi (continously graded)
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trustbias_rspdi
residual trust from Respondi (binary -Lot of trust-)
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trustbias_rspdi2
residual trust from Respondi (continously graded)
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Variable Computation
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trust_rspdi is measured as the percentage of the respondents in the origin country that express a "lot of trust" towards the destination country.
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trust_rspdi2 is measured as the average trust across respondents in the origin country expressing values from 1 (i.e., “no trust at all”) to 4 (i.e., “lot of trust”) towards the destination country.
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trustbias_rspdi and trustbias_rspdi2 are simply the corresponding residuals from regressions where trust_rspdi and trust_rspdi2 are seperately regressed on a set of origin and destination country fixed effects.
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Note
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This research was supported by the Clausen Center at the University of California, Berkeley, and a BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grant (SRG21\211248).
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Contact
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For any questions, please contact us at o.saka@citystgeorges.ac.uk. The latest version of the database is available at www.orkunsaka.com.
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