| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ESTIMATED NUMBER OF MISCLASSIFIED WORKERS | COST ASSUMPTIONS | ESTIMATED COSTS (All Values in Millions of Dollars) | MIDPOINT OF TOTAL COSTS BY CATEGORY (All Values in Millions of Dollars) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | STATE | Low Estimate: Misclassified Workers (32%) | Estimated % of Construction Workforce | High Estimate: Misclassified Workers (64%) | Estimated % of Construction Workforce | Misclassified Worker Earnings (25th Percentile of Legal) | Midpoint Estimate: Misclassified Workers (48%) | Workers Comp Rate (est) | Lost OT Pay | Offloaded FICA ("Employer Share") | Unpaid UI | Unpaid WC Premiums | Lost Social Security/MC (Low) | Lost Social Security/MC (High) | Lost Fed Income Tax (Low) | Lost Fed Income Tax (High) | Lost State Income Tax (Low) | Lost State Income Tax (High) | Taxpayer Costs (Includes UI, SS/MC, Fed & State Income Tax) | Costs Evaded by Unscrupulous Employers (Includes OT, FICA, WC) | |||||||
3 | Alabama | 17,488 | 11.3% | 34,976 | 22.7% | $34,530 | 26,232 | 7.45 | $25.2 | $69.3 | $6.8 | $67.5 | $44.3 | $88.7 | $13.8 | $27.6 | $10.9 | $21.7 | $110.3 | $162.0 | |||||||
4 | Alaska | 2,239 | 9.6% | 4,478 | 19.2% | $50,350 | 3,359 | 7.32 | $4.7 | $12.9 | $5.8 | $12.4 | $8.3 | $16.6 | $3.7 | $7.4 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $23.7 | $30.0 | |||||||
5 | Arizona | 21,347 | 8.4% | 42,694 | 16.7% | $38,750 | 32,021 | 5.27 | $34.5 | $94.9 | $9.7 | $65.4 | $60.8 | $121.5 | $21.6 | $43.2 | $5.2 | $10.4 | $141.0 | $194.8 | |||||||
6 | Arkansas | 13,205 | 13.3% | 26,410 | 26.6% | $34,520 | 19,808 | 3.72 | $19.0 | $52.3 | $4.7 | $25.4 | $33.5 | $67.0 | $10.4 | $20.9 | $10.2 | $20.3 | $85.8 | $96.8 | |||||||
7 | California | 117,395 | 9.2% | 234,790 | 18.4% | $47,650 | 176,093 | 6.81 | $233.5 | $641.9 | $90.7 | $571.4 | $410.8 | $821.6 | $175.3 | $350.5 | $54.4 | $108.9 | $1,051.5 | $1,446.8 | |||||||
8 | Colorado | 20,054 | 8.0% | 40,108 | 16.0% | $45,250 | 30,081 | 5.22 | $37.9 | $104.1 | $14.1 | $71.1 | $66.6 | $133.3 | $27.2 | $54.3 | $11.4 | $22.8 | $171.9 | $213.1 | |||||||
9 | Connecticut | 15,357 | 14.1% | 30,714 | 28.3% | $47,180 | 23,036 | 10.28 | $30.2 | $83.1 | $21.1 | $111.7 | $53.2 | $106.4 | $22.5 | $45.0 | $7.8 | $15.7 | $146.5 | $225.1 | |||||||
10 | Delaware | 3,386 | 9.9% | 6,772 | 19.7% | $40,860 | 5,079 | 8.43 | $5.8 | $15.9 | $4.4 | $17.5 | $10.2 | $20.3 | $3.8 | $7.6 | $2.6 | $5.2 | $29.3 | $39.1 | |||||||
11 | District of Columbia | 4,433 | 15.2% | 8,865 | 30.3% | $46,890 | 6,649 | 5.17 | $8.7 | $23.9 | $3.1 | $16.1 | $15.3 | $30.5 | $6.4 | $12.8 | $35.6 | $48.6 | |||||||||
12 | Florida | 72,998 | 8.8% | 145,996 | 17.5% | $36,550 | 109,497 | 7.49 | $111.4 | $306.2 | $11.7 | $299.8 | $195.9 | $391.9 | $65.4 | $130.9 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $403.7 | $717.3 | |||||||
13 | Georgia | 42,996 | 12.3% | 85,992 | 24.6% | $36,410 | 64,494 | 13.88 | $65.3 | $179.6 | $15.2 | $325.9 | $115.0 | $229.9 | $38.2 | $76.5 | $26.5 | $52.9 | $284.7 | $570.9 | |||||||
14 | Hawaii | 3,825 | 7.6% | 7,650 | 15.2% | $57,520 | 5,738 | 7.59 | $9.2 | $25.2 | $8.3 | $25.1 | $16.2 | $32.3 | $7.9 | $15.8 | $6.1 | $12.1 | $53.5 | $59.5 | |||||||
15 | Idaho | 5,709 | 7.4% | 11,419 | 14.8% | $36,960 | 8,564 | 8.13 | $8.8 | $24.2 | $3.9 | $25.7 | $15.5 | $31.0 | $5.2 | $10.5 | $2.4 | $4.7 | $38.6 | $58.8 | |||||||
16 | Illinois | 35,152 | 10.4% | 70,304 | 20.8% | $48,790 | 52,728 | 8.25 | $71.6 | $196.8 | $29.7 | $212.2 | $126.0 | $251.9 | $54.8 | $109.6 | $37.8 | $75.6 | $357.4 | $480.6 | |||||||
17 | Indiana | 17,153 | 8.2% | 34,306 | 16.5% | $43,950 | 25,730 | 3.16 | $31.5 | $86.5 | $7.6 | $35.7 | $55.4 | $110.7 | $22.0 | $44.1 | $11.3 | $22.6 | $140.7 | $153.7 | |||||||
18 | Iowa | 10,055 | 9.0% | 20,109 | 18.0% | $40,140 | 15,082 | 7.22 | $16.8 | $46.3 | $12.2 | $43.7 | $29.6 | $59.3 | $10.9 | $21.8 | $8.1 | $16.2 | $85.2 | $106.9 | |||||||
19 | Kansas | 7,635 | 8.4% | 15,270 | 16.8% | $38,520 | 11,453 | 5.50 | $12.3 | $33.7 | $4.5 | $24.3 | $21.6 | $43.2 | $7.6 | $15.3 | $4.1 | $8.2 | $54.4 | $70.3 | |||||||
20 | Kentucky | 13,108 | 10.7% | 26,216 | 21.4% | $37,680 | 19,662 | 5.69 | $20.6 | $56.7 | $7.6 | $42.2 | $36.3 | $72.5 | $12.5 | $25.1 | $10.6 | $21.1 | $96.6 | $119.4 | |||||||
21 | Louisiana | 9,103 | 5.6% | 18,207 | 11.2% | $36,510 | 13,655 | 9.64 | $13.9 | $38.1 | $2.7 | $48.1 | $24.4 | $48.8 | $8.1 | $16.3 | $3.5 | $7.0 | $56.8 | $100.1 | |||||||
22 | Maine | 6,508 | 12.3% | 13,016 | 24.6% | $39,980 | 9,762 | 7.72 | $10.9 | $29.9 | $4.9 | $30.1 | $19.1 | $38.2 | $7.0 | $14.0 | $2.6 | $5.2 | $48.0 | $70.8 | |||||||
23 | Maryland | 15,454 | 7.2% | 30,908 | 14.4% | $41,080 | 23,181 | 5.79 | $26.5 | $72.8 | $15.2 | $55.1 | $46.6 | $93.2 | $17.5 | $35.1 | $11.1 | $22.2 | $128.1 | $154.5 | |||||||
24 | Massachusetts | 21,676 | 9.2% | 43,353 | 18.4% | $50,230 | 32,515 | 6.39 | $45.5 | $124.9 | $28.3 | $104.4 | $80.0 | $159.9 | $35.6 | $71.2 | $22.6 | $45.3 | $235.6 | $274.8 | |||||||
25 | Michigan | 30,516 | 11.0% | 61,033 | 22.1% | $40,580 | 45,775 | 6.62 | $51.7 | $142.1 | $25.2 | $123.0 | $90.9 | $181.9 | $33.8 | $67.6 | $20.6 | $41.2 | $243.3 | $316.8 | |||||||
26 | Minnesota | 19,014 | 9.8% | 38,028 | 19.5% | $48,300 | 28,521 | 9.11 | $38.3 | $105.4 | $21.8 | $125.5 | $67.4 | $134.9 | $29.1 | $58.2 | $14.8 | $29.5 | $188.7 | $269.2 | |||||||
27 | Mississippi | 10,853 | 13.5% | 21,707 | 26.9% | $33,280 | 16,280 | 5.95 | $15.1 | $41.4 | $2.0 | $32.2 | $26.5 | $53.1 | $7.9 | $15.7 | $4.0 | $7.9 | $59.5 | $88.8 | |||||||
28 | Missouri | 19,466 | 9.9% | 38,931 | 19.9% | $44,360 | 29,199 | 7.62 | $36.0 | $99.1 | $6.8 | $98.7 | $63.4 | $126.8 | $25.4 | $50.9 | $11.0 | $21.9 | $156.5 | $233.8 | |||||||
29 | Montana | 5,448 | 10.6% | 10,897 | 21.1% | $42,830 | 8,173 | 9.14 | $9.7 | $26.8 | $6.6 | $32.0 | $17.1 | $34.3 | $6.7 | $13.4 | $4.1 | $8.3 | $48.5 | $68.5 | |||||||
30 | Nebraska | 5,116 | 7.0% | 10,232 | 13.9% | $38,040 | 7,674 | 6.67 | $8.1 | $22.3 | $1.1 | $19.5 | $14.3 | $28.6 | $5.0 | $10.0 | $2.4 | $4.8 | $33.6 | $49.9 | |||||||
31 | Nevada | 3,287 | 2.9% | 6,573 | 5.9% | $45,690 | 4,930 | 4.88 | $6.3 | $17.2 | $5.7 | $11.0 | $11.0 | $22.1 | $4.5 | $9.1 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $29.1 | $34.5 | |||||||
32 | New Hampshire | 5,457 | 11.7% | 10,913 | 23.3% | $42,840 | 8,185 | 7.59 | $9.8 | $26.8 | $4.1 | $26.6 | $17.2 | $34.3 | $6.7 | $13.4 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $39.9 | $63.2 | |||||||
33 | New Jersey | 32,524 | 12.3% | 65,048 | 24.6% | $48,200 | 48,786 | 12.16 | $65.4 | $179.9 | $60.8 | $285.9 | $115.1 | $230.3 | $49.6 | $99.2 | $14.3 | $28.6 | $329.3 | $531.3 | |||||||
34 | New Mexico | 4,254 | 6.7% | 8,509 | 13.4% | $36,750 | 6,382 | 6.81 | $6.5 | $17.9 | $2.6 | $16.0 | $11.5 | $23.0 | $3.9 | $7.7 | $1.1 | $2.3 | $27.3 | $40.4 | |||||||
35 | New York | 60,456 | 10.5% | 120,911 | 21.0% | $47,370 | 90,684 | 14.35 | $119.5 | $328.6 | $78.5 | $616.4 | $210.3 | $420.6 | $89.3 | $178.6 | $50.4 | $100.9 | $603.6 | $1,064.6 | |||||||
36 | North Carolina | 39,719 | 10.6% | 79,438 | 21.2% | $36,430 | 59,579 | 8.23 | $60.4 | $166.0 | $18.9 | $178.6 | $106.3 | $212.5 | $35.4 | $70.7 | $20.0 | $40.0 | $261.3 | $405.1 | |||||||
37 | North Dakota | 3,438 | 9.5% | 6,876 | 19.1% | $44,880 | 5,157 | 3.11 | $6.4 | $17.7 | $2.4 | $7.2 | $11.3 | $22.7 | $4.6 | $9.2 | $0.5 | $0.9 | $27.0 | $31.3 | |||||||
38 | Ohio | 36,187 | 10.5% | 72,374 | 21.1% | $44,630 | 54,281 | 3.88 | $67.4 | $185.3 | $23.8 | $94.0 | $118.6 | $237.2 | $47.8 | $95.6 | $9.3 | $18.6 | $287.4 | $346.7 | |||||||
39 | Oklahoma | 13,892 | 11.0% | 27,783 | 22.0% | $36,690 | 20,838 | 7.71 | $21.3 | $58.5 | $11.4 | $58.9 | $37.4 | $74.9 | $12.6 | $25.1 | $6.6 | $13.3 | $96.3 | $138.7 | |||||||
40 | Oregon | 8,960 | 6.3% | 17,920 | 12.6% | $46,110 | 13,440 | 4.34 | $17.2 | $47.4 | $26.0 | $26.9 | $30.3 | $60.7 | $12.6 | $25.2 | $14.4 | $28.9 | $112.1 | $91.6 | |||||||
41 | Pennsylvania | 34,534 | 9.3% | 69,068 | 18.7% | $45,340 | 51,801 | 7.93 | $65.4 | $179.7 | $36.2 | $186.2 | $115.0 | $230.0 | $47.0 | $93.9 | $23.1 | $46.1 | $313.7 | $431.3 | |||||||
42 | Rhode Island | 2,628 | 9.2% | 5,255 | 18.3% | $45,900 | 3,942 | 8.34 | $5.0 | $13.8 | $4.9 | $15.1 | $8.9 | $17.7 | $3.7 | $7.3 | $1.2 | $2.4 | $25.5 | $34.0 | |||||||
43 | South Carolina | 16,811 | 10.3% | 33,622 | 20.5% | $35,710 | 25,217 | 9.87 | $25.1 | $68.9 | $6.1 | $88.9 | $44.1 | $88.2 | $14.3 | $28.7 | $5.4 | $10.8 | $101.8 | $182.8 | |||||||
44 | South Dakota | 3,217 | 9.0% | 6,435 | 18.0% | $37,080 | 4,826 | 7.13 | $5.0 | $13.7 | $0.9 | $12.8 | $8.8 | $17.5 | $3.0 | $5.9 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $18.5 | $31.4 | |||||||
45 | Tennessee | 28,130 | 12.2% | 56,260 | 24.4% | $37,060 | 42,195 | 5.60 | $43.5 | $119.6 | $5.9 | $87.6 | $76.6 | $153.1 | $26.0 | $51.9 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $159.7 | $250.7 | |||||||
46 | Texas | 139,449 | 11.6% | 278,899 | 23.1% | $36,800 | 209,174 | 4.19 | $214.2 | $588.9 | $76.4 | $322.5 | $376.9 | $753.7 | $126.8 | $253.7 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $832.0 | $1,125.6 | |||||||
47 | Utah | 2,818 | 2.1% | 5,635 | 4.1% | $39,270 | 4,227 | 5.02 | $4.6 | $12.7 | $1.6 | $8.3 | $8.1 | $16.3 | $2.9 | $5.9 | $2.6 | $5.1 | $22.1 | $25.7 | |||||||
48 | Vermont | 4,495 | 15.3% | 8,990 | 30.5% | $43,090 | 6,743 | 10.07 | $8.1 | $22.2 | $3.4 | $29.3 | $14.2 | $28.5 | $5.6 | $11.1 | $1.9 | $3.9 | $36.0 | $59.6 | |||||||
49 | Virginia | 22,272 | 7.8% | 44,544 | 15.5% | $37,620 | 33,408 | 6.32 | $35.0 | $96.1 | $7.0 | $79.4 | $61.5 | $123.1 | $21.2 | $42.4 | $15.3 | $30.5 | $154.0 | $210.6 | |||||||
50 | Washington | 13,667 | 5.0% | 27,334 | 10.0% | $48,980 | 20,501 | 6.78 | $27.9 | $76.8 | $21.7 | $68.1 | $49.2 | $98.3 | $21.5 | $42.9 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $127.6 | $172.8 | |||||||
51 | West Virginia | 4,487 | 9.9% | 8,973 | 19.7% | $36,090 | 6,730 | 3.93 | $6.8 | $18.6 | $4.1 | $9.5 | $11.9 | $23.8 | $3.9 | $7.8 | $2.7 | $5.4 | $31.9 | $34.9 | |||||||
52 | Wisconsin | 19,227 | 10.0% | 38,454 | 20.1% | $45,760 | 28,841 | 8.38 | $36.7 | $101.0 | $10.9 | $110.6 | $64.6 | $129.2 | $26.6 | $53.2 | $11.5 | $23.0 | $165.0 | $248.3 | |||||||
53 | Wyoming | 1,224 | 4.7% | 2,449 | 9.5% | $40,160 | 1,837 | 3.18 | $2.1 | $5.6 | $2.1 | $2.3 | $3.6 | $7.2 | $1.3 | $2.7 | $0.0 | $0.0 | $9.5 | $10.0 | |||||||
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