| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | Class | Medication | Related Drugs | Mechanism of Action | Indication | Adverse Effects | ||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Antiviral | Amandatine | rimantadine | Binds viral M2 protein that functions as an ion channel. Prevents acidificaiton of viral core. Blocks uncoating of virus in host cell | Influenza A virus infections. | Dizziness, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, agitation, or mood changes. | ||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Clotting factors | 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates | Lyophilized power containing human blood clotting factors II, VII, IX and X (replacement therapy) | Reverse bleeding effects of warfarin | Thrombosis | |||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Chemotherapeuitc (Antimetabolite) | 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) | capecitabine (prodrug of 5-FU) | Metabolized to active FdUMP that binds and inhibits thymidylate synthetase (primary mechanism). Triphosphorylated forms incorporate into RNA and DNA to hinder nucleic acid function. Efficacy enhanced with leucovorin | Actinic keratoses, colon cancer, and many solid tumors | GI toxicity, myelosuppression | ||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Chemotherapeutic (Antimetabolite) | 6-mercaptopurine | azathioprine, 6-thioguanine | Purine analog that inhibits the de novo synthesis of purine bases. Requires activation by HGPRT with addition of ribose phosphate | Acute leukemias, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) | Myelosuppression | ||||||||||||||||||||
6 | GnRH receptor antagonist | Abarelix | GnRH receptor antagonist. Rapidly inhibits LH/FSH secretion which decreases production of testosterone from the testis | Prostate cancer | Sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, increased body fat, decreased muscle strength, decreased insulin sensitivity | |||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Androgen synthesis inhibitor | Abiraterone | ketoconazole, aminoglutethamide | Irreversibly inhibits CYP17A1 enzyme and blocks synthesis of androgen precursors in tumor cells and the testis. Antagonizes synthesis of DHEA and androstenedione | Prostate cancer | Hypertension, hypokalemia, water retention | ||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Alpha glucosidase inhibitor | Acarbose | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Inhibits carbohydrate metabolism and absorption in the small intestine | Type 2 diabetes | Bloating, flatulence, orange anal discharge | |||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID) | Acetaminophen | CNS non-specific and reversible COX inhibitor | Analgesic and antipyretic | Hepatoxicity | |||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Diuretic (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor) | Acetazolamide | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Decreases CSF production | Intracranial hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness, glaucoma | Paresthesia, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, metallic taste, lassitude, or kidney stones | |||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Antiviral | Acyclovir | valacyclovir | Blocks viral DNA synthesis. Inhibits viral DNA polymerase and incorporates into DNA causing chain termination. Requires activation by viral "thymidine kinase" | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, including genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox. | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and abdominal pain. | ||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Cytokine Inhibitor | Adalimumab | infliximab certolizumab pegel | mAb against TNFa. Prevents TNFa binding and activation of TNF receptor | Ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease | Increased risk of infections, injection site reactions, unclear association with malignancy risk | ||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Nucleotide receptor agonists | Adenosine | Adenosine receptor agonist | Conversion of AV node dependent arrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT) | Flushing, chest discomfort, dyspnea | |||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Antiparasitic | Albendazole | mebendazole | Binds free b-tubulin and inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule dependent glucose uptake | Variety of worm infections, including neurocysticercosis (a tapeworm infection of the brain), hydatid disease (a tapeworm infection of the liver), and filariasis (a worm infection that causes elephantiasis). | Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, neutropenia with prolonged use | ||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Disease modifying MS Medication | Alemtuzumab | mAb against CD52. Leads to B and T cell depletion | MS disease modifying therapy to prevent relapses | Cancer risk, autoimmune problems (thyroid, platlets, kidney), infusion reactions | |||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Bisphosphonate (oral) | Alendronate | Pamidronate, ibandronate, risedronate | Incorporates into bone and is taken up by osteoclasts. Toxic to osteoclasts and causes apoptosis. Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and slows bone loss | Post-menopausal osteoporosis, glucocrticoid induced osteoporosis, male osteoporosis | Esophagitis, osteonecrosis of the jaw (rare), atypical femoral fracture (rare) | ||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Urate Lowering | Allopurinol | febuxostat | Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Blocks uric acid formation from purines | Gout, tumor lysis syndrome (leukemia or lymphoma patients being treated with chemotherapy. Prevent hyperuricemia and kidney failure) | Skin rash, joint pain, Steven-Johnson syndrome(SJS, rare) | ||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Retinoid | All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) | Stimulates differentiation of leukemic promyelocytes into mature granulocytes | Acute promyelocytic leukemia due to PML-RARa translocation t(15;17) | Differentiation syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Prostaglandin | Alprostadil | Vasodilates smooth muscle to increase perfusion to the penis | Impotence | Bruising (anticoagulation) or priapism (those with medical risk factors) | |||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Thrombolytics | Alteplase | reteplase, tenecteplase | Converts plasminogen to plasmin | STEMI, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, DVT | Bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage | ||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Chemotherapeutic | Aminolevulinic acid | Produced ROS when exposed to blue light | Actinic keratoses | Skn irritation | |||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Antiarrhythmic (Class III) | Amiodarone | Ibutilide | K+ and Na+ channels inhibitor | Atrial and ventricular tachycardias | Long QT, hypotension, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, thyroid toxicity, corneal deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) | Amitriptyline | Nortriptyline, duloxetine, venlaxafine | 5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitor. Antagonist at 5-HT, histamine, adrenergic, muscarinic receptors | Migraine, depression, OCD, pain | Sedation, fatigue, weight gain, nausea, anticholinergic effects, cardiovascular effects. Overdose can cause QT prolongation and torsade de pointes | ||||||||||||||||||||
24 | Ca2+ channel blockers (Vascular) | Amlodipine | nifedipine, clevidipine, nicardipine, nimodipine | Vascular selective L-type Ca2+ channel blocker | Angina, hypertension | Hypotension, flushing, dizziness, peripheral edema | ||||||||||||||||||||
25 | Antibiotic (Penicillin) | Amoxicillin | ampicillin | Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including streptococcal pharyngitis, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. | Hypersentitivity reactions | ||||||||||||||||||||
26 | Stimulants | Amphetamine | Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine | Blocks reuptake and stimulates release of norepinephrine and dopamine | Narcolepsy and CNS hypersomnias | Insomnia. Avoid in heart disease or with history of drug abuse | ||||||||||||||||||||
27 | Antifungal (Polyene) | Amphotericin B | nystatin | Binds ergosterol and forms pores in the yeast membrane. Increases membrane permeability | Anti-fungal | Nephrotoxicity, fever, chills | ||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Cytokine Inhibitor | Anakinra | Recombinant version of endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist. Prevents IL-1 receptor activation and downstream signaling | Chronic inflammatory arthritis (RA/JIA), certain autoinflammatory diseases (periodic fever syndromes; investigational for gout) | Increased risk of infections, injection site reactions | |||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Aromatase inhibitor | Anastrozole | letrazole | Reversibly aromatase inhibitor. Blocks conversion of androgens to estrogens. Lowers estrogen levels | Preferred adjuvant treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women | Musculoskeletal pain and stiffness. Loss of bone density | ||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Anticoagulant Reversal | Andexanet alfa | Recombinant modified Factor Xa protein. Decoy protein that binds FXa inhibitors with same affinity as natural FXa | Reverse bleeding effects of direct, oral FXa inhibitor (rivaroxaban and apixaban) | Thrombosis | |||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Antiinflammatory | Anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) | pAb against a variety of T-cell surface antigens. Inactivates and depletes T-cells | Transplant induction immunosuppression therapy | Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, injection site reactions | |||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Antiemetic | Aprepitant | rolapitant | Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist. Blocks substance P neuropeptide function in neurons involved in induction of vomiting | Control of nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy patients | Headache, fatigue, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and hiccups | ||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Antimalarial (Artemisinin) | Artemether | artesunate | Binds iron in heme and breaks down peroxide bridges generating free radicals toxic to parasite | Chloroquine-resistant malaria | Type 1 hypersensitivity | ||||||||||||||||||||
34 | Antimalarial (Artemisinin) | Artesunate | artemether | Binds iron in heme and breaks down peroxide bridges generating free radicals toxic to parasite | Chloroquine-resistant malaria | Type 1 hypersensitivity | ||||||||||||||||||||
35 | Chemotherapeutic | Asparaginase | Degrades asparagine in circulation. Starves lymphoid tumor cells that cannot synthesize asparagine | Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), lymphomas | Hypersensitivity reactions | |||||||||||||||||||||
36 | Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID) | Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) | Non-specific, covalent COX inhibitor. Inhibits production of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxane | Acute coronary syndromes and stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, antipyretic, analgesia, anti-inflammatory agent, preclampsia prevention in high-risk patients | GI ulceration, bleeding (low dose), thrombosis (high dose), nephrotoxicity | |||||||||||||||||||||
37 | Chemotherapeutic (Checkpoint Inhibitor) | Atezolizumab | durvalumab, avelumab | Humanized mAb against PD-L1 (PD-1 receptor ligand). Blocks the inhibitory signal produced by the interaction of PD-L1 on tumors with PD-1 on T-cells. Leads to activation of cytotoxic T-cells and anti-tumor immune response | Urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer | Aggrevate autoimmune disorders, immune-mediated disorders (pneumonitis, enterocolitis, dermatitis, hepatitis, neuropathy, endocrinopathy) | ||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Antiparasitic | Atovaquone | Blocks parasite mitochondrial electron transport chain | Falciparum malaria | GI distress | |||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Muscarinic antagonist | Atropine | Non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist | Reversal of vagal bradycardia, antitode for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity, additive for antidiarrheal | Nausea, bloating, tachycardia, dryness of mouth and eyes | |||||||||||||||||||||
40 | Compliment Inhibitor | Avacopan | Complement 5a (C5a) receptor allosteric antagonist. Inhibits C5a-mediated activation and migration of neutrophils | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen (ANCA)-associated vasculitis | Hepatoxicity, serious hypersensitivity, HepB virus reactivation, | |||||||||||||||||||||
41 | Chemotherapeutic (Antimetabolite) | Azathioprine | Metabolized into 6-mercaptopurine. Inhibits nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication which inhibits lymphocyte proliferation | Maintenance immunosuppresion after organ transplant, SLE, vasculitis, other autoimmune diseases | Bone marrow depression, increased infection risk | |||||||||||||||||||||
42 | Antibiotic (Macrolide) | Azithromycin | clarithromycin, erythromycin | Reversible 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor. Blocks translocation of ribosome during protein synthesis | Various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and sexually transmitted infections. | Epigastic distress due to GI motility issues | ||||||||||||||||||||
43 | Antibiotic (Monobactam) | Aztreonam | Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and sepsis. | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, injection site reactions | |||||||||||||||||||||
44 | Antibiotic | Bacitracin | Prevents dephosphorylation of inactive lipid carrier (bactoprenol) to active form. Hinders transport of peptidylglycan building block from inside to outside of cell. Blocks cell wall formation | Skin and soft tissue infections. | Nephrotoxicity | |||||||||||||||||||||
45 | GABAB Agonist | Baclofen | GABA-B receptor agonist | Dystonia, spasticity from upper motor neuron lesions | Sedation, fatigue, confusion | |||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Antiviral | Baloxavir | Blocks influenza PA protein and inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease activity. Inhibits initiation of influenza RNA synthesis | Acute, uncomplicated influenza (flu) in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older. | Diarrhea, nausea, bronchitis, and headache. | |||||||||||||||||||||
47 | Antiinflammatory | Baricitinib | JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor. Also inhibits numb associated kinases (NAK) needed for clatharin-mediated endocytosis | EUA for hospitalized COVID patients, | Increased risk of serious or fatal infections, venous thromoembolism, | |||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Cytokine Inhibitor | Basiliximab | Chimeric mAb against the alpha-chain of IL-2 receptor on T-cells. Inhibits proliferation of T-cells involved in antibody-mediated allograft rejection | Transplant induction immunosuppression therapy | Infusion reactions, chills, fever, skin rash, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, headache, anorexia, leukopenia, infections | |||||||||||||||||||||
49 | Antiinflammatory | Belatacept | abatecept | Fusion protein consisting of CTLA4 linked to FC region of IgG. Binds to B7 (CD80/86) molecules and decreases T-cell activation | Maintenance immunosuppression after organ transplant, autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions | Stomach pain, swelling, blurred vision, bloody urine, muscle weakness, confusion | ||||||||||||||||||||
50 | ATP citrate lyase inhibitor | Bempedoic acid | ATP citrate lyase inhibitor. Inhibits liver cholesterol synthesis. | Hypercholesterolemia | LFT elevation | |||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Corticosteroid | Betamethasone | dexamethasone | GR agonist. Stimulates fetal surfactant production and promotes fetal lung maturity and other organ maturation | Given at 24-36 weeks gestation to decrease risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other complications in preterm neonates | |||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Chemotherapeutic | Bevacizumab | Humanized mAB against VEGF-A; Hinders binding of VEGF ligand to its receptor | Solid tumors (colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma) | Vascular toxicity (i.e. stroke or myocardial infarction) | |||||||||||||||||||||
53 | GI protectant | Bismuth subsalicylate | Protective coating for stomach lining, H. pylori antimicrobial activity | Dyspepsia, diarrhea, can be part of H pylori treatment | Well-tolerated, black stools | |||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Chemotherapeutic (Free radical generator) | Bleomycin | Induces formation of free radicals that cause DNA strand breaks. G2 phase specific | Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, germ cells tumors of the ovary | Pulmonary fibrosis, skin hyperpigmentation | |||||||||||||||||||||
55 | Chemotherapeutic | Bortezomib | Reversible 26S proteosomes inhibitor. Inhibits degradation of IkB leading to NF-kB signal inhibition. Leads to apoptosis and sensitizes tumor cells to cytotoxic chemo and radiation | Multiple myeloma | Peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression | |||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Neurotoxin | Botulinum toxin | Cleaves neurotransmitter vessicle SNAREs at the neuromuscular junction. Inhibits ACh release and muscle activation. | Focal dystonia, chronic migraine | Weakness-localized and generalized can occur | |||||||||||||||||||||
57 | Chemotherapeutic (Antibody drug conjugate) | Brentuximab-vedotin | CD30-specific chimeric mAb linked to tubulin toxin. Binds CD30 expressed on lymphoma cells and is internalized. Intracellular cytotoxicity | Relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma, relapsed anaplastic large cell lymphoma | Peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea | |||||||||||||||||||||
58 | Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist | Brimonidine | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Initial reduction of aqueous humor production with subsequent increase in outflow | Glaucoma | Ocular irritation, dry eyes, allergic reaction relatively common. CNS effects & respiratory depression in young children. Caution in patients with cerebral or coronary insufficiency, postural hypotension, and renal/hepatic failure | |||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) | Buproprion | Inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake | Depression, ADHD, narcolepsy, smoking cessation, female hypoactive sexual desire disorder | Insomnia, anxiety, psychosis, headache. Less sexual side effects than other antidepressants. Lowers seizure threshold (avoid if bulimia or alcohol use disorder) | |||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Dopamine receptor agonist | Cabergoline | Bromocriptine | D2 dopamine receptor agonist. Inhibits prolactin secretion | Prolactinomas, suppresses lactation | Nausea, postural hypotension, mental fogginess | ||||||||||||||||||||
61 | Antacid | Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) | Weak bases, neutralize gastric acid | Heartburn, acid indigestion, GERD symptoms | Diarrhea | |||||||||||||||||||||
62 | Antacid | Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) | Weak bases, neutralize gastric acid | Heartburn, acid indigestion, GERD symptoms | Constipation | |||||||||||||||||||||
63 | Antacid | Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) | Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaHCO3 | Weak bases, neutralize gastric acid | Heartburn, acid indigestion, GERD symptoms | belching/gas due to CO2 production, kidney stones, alkalosis | ||||||||||||||||||||
64 | Vitamin D | Calcipotriene | Vitamin D3 analog (activates vitamin D receptor). Inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation of keratinocytes | Psoriasis, actinic keratoses | Skin irritation, hypercalcemia | |||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Calcium Regulation | Calcitonin | Inhibits osteoclast activity | SQ salmon formulation for acute hypercalcemia management (not used for management of osteoprosis) | Nose sores, nasal irritation, headaches, nasal congestion | |||||||||||||||||||||
66 | Vitamin D analog | Calcitriol | Analog of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D. Activates vitamin D receptor | Hypoparathyroidism, CKD | Hypercalcemia | |||||||||||||||||||||
67 | Diuretic (SGLT2 inhibitor) | Canagliflozin | empagliflozin, dapagliflozin | SGLT2 inhibitor. Blocks glucose reuptake in the proximal tubule of the kidney. | Type 2 diabetes | Osmotic diuresis, UTIs, genital yeast infections. Associated with euglycemic DKA | ||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Cannabanoid | Cannabidiol | Mechanism not fully understood | Pain | Sedation, nausea, headache, decreased appetite | |||||||||||||||||||||
69 | Antithrombotic agent | Caplacizumab | Humanized, variable-domain only mAb fragment against the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor. Inhibits interaction between VWF multimers and glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V receptor on platelets. Reduces microvascular thrombi formation | acquired Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) | Nosebleed, headache, bleeding gums, fatigue | |||||||||||||||||||||
70 | Counterirritants | Capsaicin | TRPV1 (heat-activated channel) agonist | Neuropathic and MSK pain | Application site pain and erythema | |||||||||||||||||||||
71 | Anticonvulsant (Na+ Channel inhibitor) | Carbamazepine | Voltage-gated Na channel inhibitor | Focal (partial) seizure | Rash/Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hyponatremia, diplopia, ataxia, aplastic anemia/agranulocytosis | |||||||||||||||||||||
72 | Decarboxylase inhibitor | Carbidopa | Decarboxylase (DC) inhibitor. Blocks the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine | Parkinson Disease (combined with levodopa), tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait changes | GI: nausea/vomiting, hypotension, dyskinesias (fidgety involuntary movements) | |||||||||||||||||||||
73 | Chemotherapeutic (DNA Crosslinker) | Carboplatin | DNA crosslinking agent. Causes DNA damage and disrupts DNA synthesis. Induces cell death | Solid tumors (testicular, bladder, lung, colon, ovarian cancer) | Nausea/vomiting, fatigue, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, bone marrow depression | |||||||||||||||||||||
74 | Prostaglandin | Carboprost tromethamine | Prostaglandin F2 alpha. Promotes myometrial contractility | Postpartum hemmorage due to uterine atony | Fevers, bronchial smooth muscle constriction | |||||||||||||||||||||
75 | Beta blocker | Carvedilol | labetalol | alpha1 and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist | Systolic heart failure, hypertension, stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, portal hypertension | Bradycardia, AV block, fatigue, bronchoconstriction | ||||||||||||||||||||
76 | Antifungal (Echinocandin) | Caspofungin | micafungin | Beta-glucan synthase complex inhibitor. Blocks synthesis of beta(1-3)-glucan, an essential cross-linking component of yeast cell wall | Anti-fungal | Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, headache | ||||||||||||||||||||
77 | Antibiotic (Cephalosporin - 1st gen) | Cefazolin | cephalexin | 1st gen cephalosporin. Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including skin infections, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. | Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis | ||||||||||||||||||||
78 | Antibiotic (Cephalosporin - 4th gen) | Cefepime | 4th gen cephalosporin. Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. | Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis | |||||||||||||||||||||
79 | Antibiotic (Cephalosporin - 5th gen) | Ceftaroline | 5th gen cephalosporin. Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia caused by certain types of bacteria. | Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis | |||||||||||||||||||||
80 | Antibiotic (Cephalosporin - 3rd gen) | Ceftriaxone | cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefdinir | 3rd gen cephalosporin. Looks like D-ala-D-ala, binds PBPs (transpeptidases), and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking. Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. CNS penetrating | Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis | ||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Antibiotic (Cephalosporin - 2nd gen) | Cefuroxime | cefoxitin, ceftotetan | Looks like D-ala-D-ala; Binds PBPs (transpeptidases) and blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking; Disrupts integrity of bacterial cell wall | Various bacterial infections, including streptococcal pharyngitis, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. | Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis | ||||||||||||||||||||
82 | Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID) | Celecoxib | Selective reversible COX-2 inhibitor | Mild to moderate pain, arthritis | Nephrotoxicity, some GI toxicity, serious thrombotic events (MI/Stroke) | |||||||||||||||||||||
83 | Antiinflammatory | Cetuximab | panitumumab | Chimeric mAb against the extracellular domain of EGFR. Competitively inhibits EGF binding and prevents receptor activation | Colorectal cancer, head and neck tumors | Skin lesions, acneiform rash | ||||||||||||||||||||
84 | Antibiotic | Chloramphenicol | Bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor. Inhibits peptidyltransferase reaction (peptide transfer) in protein synthesis | Broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including meningitis, typhoid fever, and bacterial conjunctivitis. | Bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia | |||||||||||||||||||||
85 | Antimalarial | Chloroquine | hydroxychloroquine | Prevents heme polymerization to non-toxic hemozoin in parasitic digestive vacoules. Accumulate toxic levels of free heme | Malaria-prophylaxis, treatment of blood stage | Headaches, GI distress, QT prolongation, visual disturbances (long-term use) | ||||||||||||||||||||
86 | Bile acid sequestrant | Cholestyramine | colestipol | Binds free bile acids. Decreases colonic secretion and motility | Diarrhea, IBS-D, bile acid diarrhea, pure hypercholesterolemia | GI side effects, drug interactions | ||||||||||||||||||||
87 | Calcium mimetic | Cinacalcet | Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist | Hyperparathyroidism, CKD | Hypocalcemia, nausea, vomiting | |||||||||||||||||||||
88 | Antibiotic (Fluoroquinolone) | Ciprofloxacin | moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin | Bacterial DNA gyrase (topo II) & topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Disrupts bacterial DNA replication & chromosome segregation | Various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and gastroenteritis. | GI stress, nausea, possible disabling or permanent damage to tendons | ||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Chemotherapeutic (DNA Crosslinker) | Cisplatin | DNA crosslinking agent. Causes DNA damage, disrupts DNA synthesis and induces cell death | Solid tumors (ovarian and cervical cancer, germ cell tumors of the ovary, stage II and III testicular cancer, bladder, lung, colon) | Nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, myelosuppresssion | |||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Disease modifying MS Medication | Cladribine | Purine antagonist | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Lymphopenia, teratogenic, cancer risk | |||||||||||||||||||||
91 | Antibiotic Resistance Reversal | Clavulanic acid | sulbactam (+ ampicillin) tazobactam (+ piperacillin) avibactam (+ ceftazidime) vaborbactam (+ meropenem) | beta-lactamases inhibitor. Prevents degradation of beta lactam antiobiotics | Combined with and antibiotic, such as amoxicillin, to treat infections caused by bacteria that produce beta-lactamase enzymes. | |||||||||||||||||||||
92 | Antibiotic (Lincomycin) | Clindamycin | Bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor | Aerobic G+, and anaerobic G-, including respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, and MRSA | Pseudomembranous enterocolitis | |||||||||||||||||||||
93 | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) | Clomiphene | tamoxifen | Estrogen receptor partial agonist. In females, blocks negative feedback effects of endogenous estradiol stimulating gonadotrophin secretion and induces ovulation. | Ovulation induction for infertility. Male infertility to increase spermatogenesis | Hot flashes, nausea, dizziness, headache, bloating | ||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Benzodiazepine (long acting) | Clonazepam | chlordiazepoxide, diazepam | Long acting GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator. Increases GABA activity | Dystonia, tics (Tourette syndrome), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), restless legs syndrome, acute treatment for seizures or status epilepticus, myoclonic seizures | Sedation, fatigue, confusion, depression, delirium, unsteadiness | ||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Alpha Adrenergic Agonist | Clonidine | alpha2 agonist in CNS. Inhibits sympathetic nerves system activity | Hypertension, tics (Tourette syndrome), ADD/ADHD, opioid withdrawal | Postural hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, dry mouth, headache, sedation, impotence | |||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Antiplatelet | Clopidogrel | ticagrelor, ticlopidine, prasugrel | Non-competitive, irreversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist | Acute coronary syndromes, prevent stent thrombosis, secondary prevention for ischemic stroke | Diarrhea, rash, bleeding, but less GI bleeding than ASA | ||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Antiinflammatory (Microtubule inhibitor) | Colchicine | Microtubule polymerization inhibitor. Prevents neutrophil recruitment to inflammed tissue & neutrophil adhesion. Inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation | Gout | GI (diarrhea, vomiting, nausea), bone marrow suppression, neurological (fatigue and headache) | |||||||||||||||||||||
98 | Element | Copper-IUD | Prevents fertilization: decreases motility and viability of sperm and disrupts oocyte division | Contraception, emergency contraception | Abnormal bleedng pattern, discomfort during menses | |||||||||||||||||||||
99 | Antibody | Crizanlizumab | Humanized mAb against P-selectin. Blocks the interaction of P-selection with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 on endothelial cells and platelets. Prevents aggregation of blood components | Reduce frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease | Nausea, joint pain, fever | |||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Antispasmodic | Cyclobenzaprine | metaxalone, methocarbamol | Inhibits CNS motor neurons and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist | Acute pain, muscle relaxant | Somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness, and confusion |