ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAAB
1
2
This framework accompanies the DPI Map (dpimap.org).
3
To access an easy-to-read version of the framework that follows, see here: dpimap.org/methodology
4
5
6
Scope
Version management
7
8
A digital ID system can range from basic identification systems that provide digital authentication for users to more advanced systems that enable citizens to share their credentials with other institutions for a variety of purposes beyond mere self-identification. The Map focuses national or federal-level ID systems that are governed by public institutions.
9
CURRENT31 Mar 2025v2: Data proxies against some indicators deleted due to poor validity of data source
10
11
17 Jan 2025v2: Update to attribute 'Privacy, safety and security' from 'Privacy, protection and security'
12
A digital payment system can range from an interbank payment system to a mobile-based payment system that allows users to leverage the speed and efficiency of digital payments across domains (banks, mobile wallets). Further, any transaction that allows users (and not payment service providers) to have a settlement record within a few seconds is deemed real-time. The Map focuses on national and regional payment systems that facilitate transactions between individuals, merchants and businesses and governments.
13
14
30 Sep 2024v2: revision of data collected against certain indicators in the DPI Map; revision of the attribute 'Privacy, protection and protection' to 'Privacy, protection and safety'
15
16
A data exchange system can range from internal platforms that facilitate data sharing within government departments to systems connecting multiple agencies and authorized third parties. These systems enable public organisations to securely and efficiently share structured data among them or with authorised entities, reducing administrative burdens and enhancing interoperability across sectors. Any system that facilitates the secure exchange of data relevant to public service delivery is considered a data exchange system. The Map focuses on national or federal-level, cross-sectoral data exchange systems that are integral to public service delivery.
17
18
10 Jun 2024v1: release of initial framework
19
20
21
22
23
Reading the framework
24
There are 6 attributes of DPI, common to digital ID, digital payment and data exchange systems. These represent characteristics of DPI, as inferred from literature reviews and expert consultations.
25
26
Each attribute can be measured though a set of indicators which are tools (technical best practices or policies, or codified mandates) that help achieve that attribute at a country-level. Some of these are common to digital identity, digital payment and date exchange systems, while many of them are unique, totalling 15-20 per component.
27
28
29
Must have' and 'good to have' indicators distinguish those indicators which can be treated as essential to a deployment achieving a certain attribute, and those that might be good practices but aspirational.
30
31
32
Using the framework
33
Eaves, D. and Rao, K. (2025). Digital Public Infrastructure: a framework for conceptualisation and measurement. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Working Paper Series (IIPP WP 2025-01). Available at: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/wp2025-01
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100