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TitleStartEndDescriptionWeb PageMediaMedia CaptionMedia CreditTagsPlaceLocationSourceSource URL
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Christian Community of Adiabene01/01/010001/01/0200One of the earliest known communities of Christians, having converted to Judaism under Emperor Claudius and then transitioning/converting to Christianity at some point in the 2nd centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabenehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Maps_of_the_Armenian_Empire_of_Tigranes.gifMap of the Armenian Empire of Tigranes, including AdiabeneAssyria36°21'20.39" N, 43°09'6.00" EGonzalez, p. 254
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Baptism of King Tradt III01/06/0303The Baptism of King Tradt by Greory Lusavorich makes Armenia one of the first nations to have Christian rulers.Gonzalez p 255
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Ulfila / Wulfila01/01/031101/01/0383Half-Goth and raised as a Christian, he developed an alphabet for the language of the Goths and then translated the Bible into this new written language, promoting the expansion of Christianity among the Germanic tribeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulfilashttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bischof_Ulfilas_erkl%C3%A4rt_den_Goten_das_Evangelium.jpg/800px-Bischof_Ulfilas_erkl%C3%A4rt_den_Goten_das_Evangelium.jpgWulfila explaining the Gospels to the GothsGonzalez, p. 256
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Battle of the Milvian Bridge08/10/0312Constantine won this battle against Maxentius - started on the path that led him to end the Tetrarchy and become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridgehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Battle_at_the_Milvian_Bridge%2C_G%C3%A9rard_Audran_after_Charles_Le_Brun%2C_1666-crop.jpgRome, Italy41° 56′ 8″ N, 12° 28′ 1″ E
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Athanasius' Episcopate06/08/032805/02/0373The time Athanasius served as the 20th Bishop of Alexandria. His start year is important, since this was also yer that Constantine revoked the sentence that banished Arius.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_AlexandriaGonzaelz, pp. 201
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Ambrose of Milan12/01/037304/04/0397Appealed to both the Nicene and the Arianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose#Bishop_of_Milanhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Museo_del_Duomo_-_Milan_-_St_Ambrose_of_Milan_-_Unknown_Lombard_author_%28early_17_century%29.jpgStatue of Saint Ambrose with a scourge in Museo del Duomo, Milan. Unknown Lombard author, early 17 century.Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
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Ambrose consecrated Bishop of MIlan01/12/037301/12/0373Ambrose was the Governor of Milan when he was unexpectedly conscripted by the people of Milan to be elected as Bishop of Milan. He wasn;t even baptized at the time of his election, so things quickly were put into order.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/AmbroseOfMilan.jpg/220px-AmbroseOfMilan.jpgearly mosaic of AmbroseMilan, Italy45.4642° N, 9.1900° EGonzales 2010, p 220
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Council of Chalcedon10/08/045111/01/0451The Council of Chalcedon led to a major split between the eastern and western churches, primarily over Christological differences.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedonhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Fourth_ecumenical_council_of_chalcedon_-_1876.jpg"Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon" - Vasily Surikov, 1876Wikimedia CommonsChalcedon (now a district of Istanbul)40.9833294 N, 29.0333332 E
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Isidore of Seville01/01/056604/04/0636Visigoth scholar whose book Etymologies serves as an encyclopedic reference of ancient culture, including astronomy, medicine, and agriculture. Problematic relationship with Jews - asserted they should no longer be subject to forced conversions but also that they could not convert back or rejoin Jewish communities.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_of_Sevillehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpegSt. Isidore of Seville (1655), depicted by Bartolomé Esteban MurilloSeville (Southwest Spain)37.3891° N, 5.9845° WGonzález, p. 271
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Joan of Arc01/06/141205/30/1431The life of Joan of Arc; she claimed to have visions of St. Catherine and Margarate and Archangel Michael of her leading Dauphin's trrops to be crowned at Rheims. She was eventually captured and and sold to the English and eventually burned at the stake for being a "heretic" and "a witch"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Archttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Joan_of_Arc_on_horseback.pngJoan of Arc depicted on horseback in an illustration from a 1505 manuscriptMusée Dobrée [Public domain]
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Plato-423-348Similar to the Stoics, Plato( and his teacher Socrates), gave early Christians some ground to stand on with their philsophical assertions about "a supreme being" and "the immortality of the soul," the former standing in stark contrast to the belief systems of the day, which tended toward a stable of gods. Early Christians drew from this Hellenistic wisdom to help their cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Plato_Silanion_Musei_Capitolini_MC1377.jpgRoman copy of a portrait bust by Silanion for the Academia in Athens (c. 370 BC)Athens, Greece37.9838° N, 23.7275° EGonzalez pg 23
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The early Stoics-300-100The Stoics and their ideas emerged as an interesting ally for early Christianity. Early Christians could point to shared values/morals as a way to convert people to their faith.Gonzalez pg 23
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Pompey Conquers Palestine-63-63Pompey conquered the land and deposed the last of the MaccabeesPalestineGonzalez, 2010, p. 15
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Herod appointed King of Judea-40-40Herod was appointed king of Judea by the RomansGonzalez, 2010, p. 15
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Life of Jesus-430Life of Jesushttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Cefal%C3%B9_Pantocrator_retouched.jpgJesus of Nazareth32.6996° N, 35.3035° E
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Apostolic Age33100Begins with Jesus' death and ends with the death of the last apostle (John)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ChristianityWikipedia
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Ignatius of Antioch35107Condemned to death & wrote the 7 letters, explaining the nature of persecution & martyrdom in 2nd centuryhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Hosios_Loukas_%28south_west_chapel%2C_south_side%29_-_Ignatios.jpgFresco of St. Ignatius from Hosios Loukas Monastery, Boeotia, GreeceChatzidakis. Byzantine Art in GreeceAntioch, Greece36° 12′ 19.8″ N, 36° 10′ 18.5″ EGonzalez, 50-53
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Herod Appointed King of Judea40Herod appointed king by the Romanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Greathttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/HerodtheGreat2.jpgHerod the Great
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Thomas visits India5050Traditionally, Thomas the apostle is said to have visited the city of Muziris in India in the year 50.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostlehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Santo_Tom%C3%A1s%2C_por_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.JPGSaint Thomas the ApostleDiego Velázquez [Public domain]Muziris, India10°14'29.1"N 76°12'17.3"E
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Reign of Nero, Roman Emporer5468Culmination of persecution of Christians as distinct from Jews, & haters of humankindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerohttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Nero_1.JPGBust of Nero at the Musei Capitolini, Romecjh1452000 [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]Rome 1.9028° N, 12.4964° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, p.43-46
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James, Brother of Jesus is executed6262Seen as a leader of the emerging Jewish Christian movement, James is executed by the Roman king, Herod Agrippa; this decision was not universally condoned by the Phariseeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesushttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Saint_James_the_Just.jpgNeobyzantine icon of JamesJerusalem31.7683° N, 35.2137° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, p.28
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The Great Revolt66-73The first of three major rebellions taken on by the Jewish people, and considered the First Jewish-Roman War. The rebellion began out of anti-taxation protests, as well as in response to actions carried out by the Romans against the Jews. The Zealot party played an important role in this rebellion. The great rebellion also eventually lead to the Destruction of the Temple in 70 CEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_Warhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Galilee_to_Judea.gifMap of Judea ProvinceWikipediaJudea ProvinceWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War
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Polycarp of Smyrna69-1552nd C bishop (ante-Nicene period) -one of three "apostolic fathers"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarphttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Burghers_michael_saintpolycarp.jpgS. Polycarpus, engraving by Michael Burghers, ca 1685en:Michael BurghersAlekjds at en.wikipedia [Public domain]38° 25′ 7″ N, 27° 8′ 21″ E
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Destruction of the Temple70The Second Temple was destroyed in Jerusalem, resulting in the end of temple worship for Jews.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Ercole_de_Roberti_Destruction_of_Jerusalem_Fighting_Fleeing_Marching_Slaying_Burning_Chemical_reactions_b.jpgThe Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem, by David Roberts (1850).David Roberts [Public domain]Jerusalem31.778° N, 35.23583° E
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Pope Clement I8899Wrote oldest document outside New Testament.  Some writings became part of Christian Canon.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_Ihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_094.jpgSaint Clement, by TiepoloGiovanni Battista Tiepolo [Public domain]
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Trajan98117Emperor who considered alongside Pliny the Younger whether or not being Christian was a crime and whether Christians should be punished for identifying as Christianhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Imperator_Caesar_Nerva_Traianus.jpgStatue of Trajan, Rome, Italy.Biser Todorov [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]The Story of Christianity vol 1 pg. 8, 49-51
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Justin Martyr100165Apologist that connects philosophy to the Gospel of John. This gives Christianity the agrument that it is not inferior to the great philiosophers like Socrotes and Plato.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Justin_Martyr.jpgAndré Thévet [Public domain]Rome under Marcus Aurelius, who became emperor in 161.41.9028° N, 12.4964° EGonzalez, 2010, p. 66
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Ignatius of Antioch Martyred107107At the age of 70+ years old, Ignatius - the bishop of Antioch was condemned to death. As he was approaching his martyrdom, he wrote seven important letter giving insight to the early churchGonzales p 53Rome, Italy41.890251°N, 12.492373° E
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Pliny the younger111211Pliney was appointed governor of a town in moder day Turkey. He made the policy that all Christians who were discovered had to be forced to worship the gods of the Roman Empire. This policy remained until Tertullian rebelled over a century later (Gonzalez, 49-51)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger
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Irenaeus130202Extant writings on Christine doctine and refutation of GnosticismGonzalez, 2010Smyrna35.9828° N, 86.5186° WThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, p. 84
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Burial Societies136Burial societies, page 110, volume I Gonzalez, or funeral societies were allowed to own cemetary property whereas the church was not. It is thought Christians worshipped in the catacombs to hide, however, catacombs were cemetaries whose existence was well known by the authorities. Second, Christians believed that communion joined them to their ancestors of the faith so they would worship at the cemetaries or catacombs.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_society
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Marcion Movement144144Marcion travels to Rome and begins to gain support for "anti-Jewish" faith sect. Begins new church. Compiles list of books he considered "true Christian scriptures."Gonalez p. 106 (ibook); Gonzalez, p. 74)
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Clement of Alexandria150215"A Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. A convert to Christianity, he was an educated man who was familiar with classical Greek philosophy and literature. As his three major works demonstrate, Clement was influenced by Hellenistic philosophy to a greater extent than any other Christian thinker of his time, and in particular by Plato and the Stoics" (Wikipedia, accessed 1/8/19). Additionally taught that scripture had more than the literal meaning and the wise would be benefitted by seeking other meanings within the text.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandriahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Clement_alexandrin.jpg/1024px-Clement_alexandrin.jpgClement of Alexandria, from book 1, folio 5 recto of Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres grecz, latins et payens (1584) by André Thevet.WikimediaBorn in Athens, chased to Alexandria, traveled in Syria and Asia minor before his death.
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R (Precursor to Apostle's Creed)150150The precursor to the Apostle's Creed is written in Rome, contemporary title "R" for its place of origin. R was used as a litmus against heretical inerpretations of Christian theology (Gnostic and Marcionite) and served as the "symbol" connecting expanded interpretations of Apostolic Succession.Rome 41.9028° N, 12.4964° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, p. 77
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Tertullian 155220Oldest extant writing on baptism and his writings discussing the Trinity as one substance and three personsGonzalez, 2010Carthage36.8529° N, 10.3217° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, pp. 88-93
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Commodus172192Commodus took over for Marcus Auerlius after he died in 180. They worked together for eight years prior to that. During his reign, there was a low percentage of martyrs that occured.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Commodus_as_Hercules_%28detail%29_-_Palazzo_dei_Conservatori_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpgWikepedia and Gonzalez pg 57
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Edessa (in Modern Turkey becomes Christian179216Christianity spread east following the lines of Syriac trade and culture. Edessa became Christian (during the rule of King Abgarus IX) - long before the Roman Empire embraced Christianityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdessaEdessa (modern Turkey)37.1674° N, 38.7955° E
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King Abgarus IX of Edessa179216Edessa appears to have been the earliest Christian state, before the conversion of Constantine. It is associated with a legend that King Abgarus V (who had leprosy) sent a letter to Jesus requesting he come and cure him.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Urfa_Castle_02.jpgSite of Urfa Castle, in the modern city of UrfaBernard Gagnon [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], from Wikimedia CommonsEdessa (eastern part of what is now Turkey)37° 9′ 0″ N, 38° 48′ 0″ EGonzalez, 2010, p. 254
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Origen184253A church father and influential theologian and apologist born in Alexandria. He died shortly after being tortured.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origenhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Origen.jpgWikipedia
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Septimius Servus193211Septimius Severus becamse master of the empire. At the beginning of his reign, Christians were able to live at peace. Unfortuantly, it didn't last long until he started persecuting the church as well. Gonzalez pg 57
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Edict of Septimus Severus202Outlawed, under penalty of death, conversions to Judaism and Christianity
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Persecution in Third century222235Emperor felt need for religious harmonyGonzalea p 96
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Paul of Thebes227342Regarded as the first Christian hermit, who was claimed to have lived alone in the desert from the age of sixteen to one hundred thirteen years of his age.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Thebeshttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/San_Pablo_Ermita%C3%B1o%2C_por_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ribera.jpgSt. Paul, "The First Hermit", Jusepe de RiberaWikimedia CommonsEygpt26.8206° N, 30.8025° EGonzalez, pp. 161-165
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Diocletian244311Roman emperor from 284-305 - appointed Galerius under his rule and Constantius under Maximian ("tetrarchy" where each ruled over a fourth of the empire)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian
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Philip the Arabian 244249Ruler of Roman Empire who was rumored to be Christian ended persecution for nearly half of a century. This allowed the population of Christianity to increase greatly without the threat of Martyrdom.
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Decius249251He tortured Christians to force them to abandon their faith (Gonzales, 2010, p. 102). The term "confessor" is established and the church now must determine how to handle those not strong enough under torture to uphold their faith.Gonzalez, 2010, p. 102Rome 41.890251°N, 12.492373° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume I, p.102
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Anthony the Great251356Considered one of the first monks. Known as the Father of all Monks. Anthony was the first to go into the wilderness (about ad 270), which seems to have contributed to his renown. Accounts of Anthony enduring supernatural temptation during his sojourn in the Eastern Desert of Egypt inspired the often-repeated subject of the temptation of St. Anthony in Western art and literature.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_the_Greathttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/StAnthony.jpgCoptic Iconography of Anthony the GreatWikimedia CommonsEygpt26.8206° N, 30.8025° EGonzalez, pp. 161-165
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Anthony251356Another desert monk of Egypt. More seems to be known about him and he traveled to Alexandria to be part of the Arian debate.
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Arianism 256336an early Christian docterine that was atributed to Arius of Alexendaria that claims God the Son is a creature that is different from that of God the Son. This docterine sparked debate and controvery in the church over Homoousianism (God the Son made of God the Father and thus of the same substance) and Arianism. This was the primary controvery in the first Council of Nicea. (Gonzalez, pp. 141-151)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism
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Arius of Alexandria256336Arius maintained that the Son of God was created by the Father and was therefore neither coeternal with the Father, nor consubstantial.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AriusAlexandria, Egypt31.2001° N, 29.9187° E
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Life of Eusebius of Caesarea260339According to Gonzalez, "the most learned Christian of his time" (p. 149). Author of Church History in mid-4th Century, a "chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from 1st to 4th Century" (Wikipedia). Gonzalez suggests his impact in "It is Eusebius who collected, organized and published practically all that is now known about many of the people and events in the life of the early church" (p. 150). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_History_(Eusebius)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eusebius_of_Caesarea.jpg/1200px-Eusebius_of_Caesarea.jpgPalestine31.9522° N, 35.2332° EGonzalez, pp. 149-155
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Pachomius292348Founder of Christian cenobitic monasticismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachomius_the_Greathttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Pachomius_of_Nerekhta.jpgPachomiusWikimedia CommonsEgypt26.8206° N, 30.8025° EGonzalez, pp. 165-168
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Life of Athanasius of Alexandria29605/02/0373Learned from the monks of the desert, wrote Life of Saint Anthony (Gonzalez, p.199). Became an articulate, effective apponent of Arianism, a champion of Nicene orthodoxy in the 4th Century CE.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg/200px-Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpgEgypt, Alexandria31.2001° N, 29.9187° EGonzalez, pp. 199-207
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David of Basra in India300Bishop David of Basra undertook a mission in Southern India around the year 300 BCE as described Chronicle of Seert, a Nestorian document written in Arabic sometime between the 9th and 11th centuries.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_India#4th-century_missionsSouthern India15°46'31.7"N, 77°38'40.3"E
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Donatism300500One - & the largest- of the groups reacting to the corruption of the Church, proclaiming to be the true church. The theological schism was primarily related to "the issue of dealing with those who yielded during a time of persecution" (p.175)The Story of Christianity: Vol. 1, Gonzalez, p. 173-175; Wikipedia for dates
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Final Victory -Title of Augustus and Caesar304313imperial edict ordered all soldiers to worship the Supreme God on the first day of the week. Gonzales140
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustushttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Augustus_Bronze_X23322_NAMAthens.jpgStatue of the emperor Augustus (29BC - AD 14). Bronze. Found in the Aegean sea between the islands of Euboea and Agios Efstratios. The emperor is depicted in mature age, mounting a horse. He wears a tunica decorated with a meander pattern. Iconographic features of the Prima Porta gesture of official greeting. The hilt of his sword can be seen below the left hand, in which he held the horse's reigns. On the bezel of his finger-ring a staff of divination (lituus) is engraved, symbolizing the supreme religious office of Pontifex Maximus, assumed by Augustus in 12 BC. 12-10 BCWikimediaRome, Italy41.9028° N, 12.4964° E
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Galerius and Constantine305313In 305 Diocltan and Maxientius abdicated, and Galerius and Constantine took title of Augustus (p 123) Constantine became master of the entir Western half of rhe empire (p 126)https://en.wikpedia.org/wiki/historyhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Battle_at_the_Milvian_Bridge%2C_G%C3%A9rard_Audran_after_Charles_Le_Brun%2C_1666-crop.jpg
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Defense of Origen was written307309Eusebius of Caesarea and Pamphilius wrote these 6 books defending the theology/philsophy of Origen during the beginnings of the persecution of Maximinus Daia
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Edict of Milan313313Edict of Milan: Christian worship legalized by Constantine I and Liciniushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ChristianityWikipediaMilan, Italy45.464 N, 9.190 E
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Donatus Schism313347Donatus was elected Bishop of Carthage only to be replaced by Caecilian, who was backed by Constantine. This caused a schism between the Caecilians and Donatists. The Donatists would become the predominant critics of the state supported sect of Christianity. http://travelquaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/donatism_1.jpgMosaic, Portrait of DonatusCarthage, Northern Africa36.8529° N, 10.3217° EGonzalez 173-179, Orthodox Wiki
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Council of Arles314314Called by Donatus to address the challenges waged against his election as Bishop of Carthage, this counsil was the first appeal to the state and gathering of Christian religious leaders in Western Europe.Arles, France43.6766° N, 4.6278° EOrthodox Wikihttps://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Arles_of_314
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The Council of Constantinople3182nd Eucuminical Council to reinforce the findings of the Council of Nicea. Also call the 1st Council of Constantinoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople41° 0′ 50″ N, 28° 57′ 20″ E
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Constantine invades Licinius' territories, ending truce between the two rulers322324Under the pretext that he was pursuing bands of barbarians that had crossed the Danube, Constantine invaded Licinius' territory. Licinius interpreted this as an act of hostility and intentional provocation and prepared his troops for war at Adrianople. After a long and bloody battle, Constantine emerged victorious and became sole master of the empire.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licinius
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Konstantin_den_stores_labarum%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.pngConstantine's labarum standard, which Licinius believed contained magical powers and feared.Wikimedia CommonsAdrianople41° 48' 35.39" N 26° 32' 28.79" EGonzález, p. 135
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Imperial edict orders soldiers to worship the Supreme God on the first day of the week324324After defeating Licinius, Constantine increasingly supported Christianity. In 324, he issued the imperial edict requiring that all soldiers worship the Supreme God on the first day of the week. This allowed both pagans to continue to worship the Unconquered Sun (so they saw no issue with the edict) and allowed Christians to gather on their traditional day to celebrate the Resurrection of their Lord. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s_Dayhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Musei_Vaticani_-_Mithra_-_Sol_invictus_01136.JPGSol Invictus, or the Unconquered Sun, depicted in Bas-Relief. Wikimedia commonsConstantinople 41.0082° N, 28.9784° EGonzález, p. 140
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Precedent set for civil authority used to settle a theological question.325Constantine sentenced the bishops, who did not sign the creed at Nicea, to banishment.The Story of Christianty: Volume IGonzalez, 2010, p. 190
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First Ecumenical Council325325The First Ecumenical Council met in 325 in Nicea. It was called by the emperor and the traveling bishops were given "imperial posts." It was to help settle the "raging of the heresey of Arianism." Gonzalez, 140. Orthodox Wikihttps://orthodoxwiki.org/First_Ecumenical_Council
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Bishop Frumentius of Axum328Traditional date for the start of the bishopric of Frumentius in Axum in what is now northern Ethiopia. Alternatively, some date this to the early 340s. Frumentius had been appointed by Athanasius of Alexandria and was a Nicean in a time of the Arian heresy's ascendance. He's credited with a translation of the New Testament in Ge'ez, a language that is still in use for some Ethiopian liturgical ceremonies today.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumentiushttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/St_Frumentius.jpgSt Frumentius, the Apostle of EthiopiaAxum, Kingdom of Aksum, in modern day Ethiopia14.120833, 38.727778
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"Against the Gentiles" 328Athanasius authors this work to address pagans and the central fact of Christian faith, the incarnation fo Jesus Christ
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Gregory of Nazianzus329390Cappadocian theologian who studied with Basil and Gregory of Nyssahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_NazianzusGonzalez pg 214-215
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Basil the Great330379Basil was a theologian who supported the Nicene Creed and opposed the heresies of the early Christian church, fighting against both Arianism and the followers of Apollinaris of Laodicea. Basil was known for his care of the poor and underprivileged. Basil established guidelines for monastic life which focus on community life, liturgical prayer, and manual labor. One of the Cappadocian Fathers.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_of_Caesareahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Basil_of_Caesarea.jpgIcon of St. Basil the Great from the St. Sophia Cathedral of KievGonzalez pp. 211-213Caesarea, Cappadocia38.73122° N, 35.47873° E
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Life of Macrina330379Heavily influenced her brothers, Gregory of Nyssa and Basil the Great, especially with her focus on monastic life.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrina_the_Youngerhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Macrina_the_Younger.jpgWikipediaCaesarea, Cappadocia
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Martin of Tours335397His life integrated the qualities of a monastic with the Church, and the episcopate; origin of the word chapel and chaplain from his sharing his cape/capella with a beggarThe Story of Christianity: Vol. 1, p. 171
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Ambrose wrote hymns affirming doctrine of the Nicene Trinity339397Hymns that are still sung today were written by Ambrose and Auerlius Prudentius in support of the Council of Nicea.
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Circumcellions340A group of Donatists who wer considered activist troops, religious to the point of fanaticism, peasants who resorted to violence.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcellions
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Saint Jerome342420Translated the bible into Latin. He was the secretary for Pope Damascus Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeromehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Caravaggio44jeromeBorghese.jpgSaint Jerome of StridonGonzalez pp. 233-239Rome, Italy41° 56′ 8″ N, 12° 28′ 1″ E
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Saint Paula of Rome347404Paula was one of the widows living in the palace of Albina. The group of women became close friends/mentors with Jerome, and Jerome recording information about Paula's life.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_of_Romehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Santa_Paula_Instruindo_as_Monjas_%28s%C3%A9c._XVII%29_-_Andr%C3%A9_Reinoso_%28Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%29.pngSaint Paula with her nuns - 17th centurykenward [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia CommonsRome41.9028° N, 12.4964° EGonzalez, p. 234 and Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_of_Rome
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John Chrysostom34909/01/0407Archbishop of Constantinople, a monk who grew up in Antioch and studied under Libaniushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_ChrysostomGonzalez pg 225-231
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Paul350One of the early desert monks, who's life was told by Jerome.
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Augustine of Hippo354430One of the most influential theologians of the church due to his doctrine of predestination and freedom of the will against Pelagius, and the nature of evil against the ManichaeansHippo, North Africa36°53'59.99" N 7°45'59.99" EThe Story of Christianity: Volume I, pp. 247-252
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St. Augustine's Just War Theory354430He was one of the first to justify war using religious meaning. There was certain things that had to be fullfilled when making war justifiable. "The first is that the purpose of the war must be just - a war is never just when its purpose is to satisfy territorial ambition." The second condition is, "it must be waged by properly instituted authroity." The third condition, "even in the midst of the violence that is a necessary part of war, the motive of love must be central." Gonzalez, 248
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Pelagius's life360418Argued against Augustine regarding the nature of sin, stating that there is no such thing as original sin, that we are free both to sin and not to sin in this lifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius,Gonzalez, 2010, p.249
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Julian the Apostate361363Julian, a bapstised Christian who rennounced the faith and attempted to restore the traditional pagan religion within the empire. To do so, he created a hierarchy of religious leaders within the pagan priesthood, sought to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem (largely to try and disprove the idea that its destruction heralded the rise of Christianity rather than out of any affection for the Jews), and allowed the return of Christian bishops to their sees. This final point was an nod toward religious tolerance, but it may also have been an attempt to foster division within Christainity, divisions which he may have hoped to exploit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_(emperor)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/JulianusII-antioch%28360-363%29-CNG.jpgPortrait of Julianus Apostata ( Julian the Apostate) on a bronze coin from Antiochië, 360-363. Photo courtesy of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG)Rome, Italy41° 56′ 8″ N, 12° 28′ 1″ E
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Julian begins to build another Jewish Temple361363In an attempt to hinder the progress of Christianity, Julian decided to rebuild the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem for the sole reason of providing a "rebuttle to the Christian argument that the destruction of the Temple had been the fulfillment of prophecies in the Old Testament"(Gonzalez, 197).
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Reign of Emperor Valens364378Pro Arian that followed after short reign of Jovian and more significantly Julian who advocated for Neoplatonic Hellenism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors#364%E2%80%93392:_Valentinian_dynasty41°00'44.06" N 28°58'33.66" E
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Reign of Roman Emporer Gratian367383Gratian was the son of Valentinian I and was ruler when Ambrose was elected Bishop of Milanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratianhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gratian_Solidus.jpg/220px-Gratian_Solidus.jpg
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Gregory of Nazianzus arrived in Constantinople 379380Gregory of Nazianzus was a monk who went to Constantinople to begin his struggle against Arianism. In 380 Emperor Theodosis took over Constantinople and made Gregory Bishop. He disagreed with the manner in which bishops carried themselves and revoked his title. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gregor-Chora.jpg/200px-Gregor-Chora.jpg
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Emperor Theodosius379395Emperor Theodosius did not punish Christians who set fire to a Jewish synagogue. This sets a precedent that faiths outside of the Christian belief "would not be protected by the law" (Gonzalez, 2010, p. 223)Gonzalez, 2010, p. 223
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Edict of Thessalonica380380Edict of Thessalonica issued jointly by three emperors, Theodosius I, Gratian and Valentinian confirming the Trinitarian God and making "Nicene Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ChristianityWikipediamodern-day Thessaloniki, Greece40.640 N, 22.944 E
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First Council of Constantinople381381First Council of Constantinople convened by Theodosius I to affirm the Trinitarian concept of God and thereby refuting Arianismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ChristianityWikipedia41.001 N, 28.978 E
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Emperor Gratian Decree382382Emperor Gratian stopped the financial goverment help to pagans and their priests. He wanted the altar to the goddess Victory be removed from the Senate-House. Gonzalez, 141
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Vulgate382Jerome was commissioned by Bishop Damasus to update the Old Latin (Vetus Latina) of the Gospels. This initial work was completed in 384. Jerome went on, with the help of others, to translate the original Hebrew of much of the Bible which brought the Latin Vulgate into possible conflict with the Greek Septuagint. Rome, Italy41°53′30″ N, 12°30′40″ EGonzalez, pp. 233-239
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Augustine of HIPPO391430some writings were to refute the Manichaeans. Manichaean was Persian religion Augustine was a student of rhetoric
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Pagan Worship Forbidden392Theodosius "outlawed pagan sacrifices and ordered the temples closed or devoted to public use."Constantinople41.0082° N, 28.9784° EThe Story of Christianty: Volume IGonzalez, 2010, p. 141
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Christianity Declared “official state” Religion of the Roman Empire394
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Augustine's "Confessions"397400Augustine's autobiographical work detailed his personal struggles and journey as a Christian, and is still considered a great work.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_(Augustine)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Confesiones.jpgWikimedia Commons
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John Chrysostom Consecrated bishop of Constantinople397Chrysostom's consecration marked an era when the church would be placed under more financial scrutiny and clergy and laity would be held to a higher standard and responsibility for living true, authentic Christian lives. John's reforms were favored in high regard by the common peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chrysostom#Archbishop_of_ConstantinopleConstantinople41.0082° N, 28.9784° E
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Paula's Death404404Jerome's wife, Paula, passed away in 404. This was a devestating thing to Jerome and his life. "His grief was all the greater, for he was convinced that it was not only his end that approached, but that of an era."
Gonzalez, 238
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Fall of Rome405476The Fall of the Western Roman Empire was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire
Gonzales, 210Rome, Italy41° 56′ 8″ N, 12° 28′ 1″ E
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"City of God" Written410Augustine wrote this significant work explaining that The City of God is built on the love of God (versus the earthly city is built on the love of self.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_City_of_God