1 | Start Date | End Date | Headline | Text | Media | Media Credit | Media Caption | Media Thumbnail | Type | Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 01/01/1500 | 12/31/1550 | Venetian and Northern Renaissance | This era featured realistic art pieces that had symbolism. Frequently religious, artists portrayed their patrons. | Era | Art History | ||||
3 | 01/01/1500 | Jan van Eyck | Although his artwork was pre-1500 we felt that his work was significant in the portration of the Northern Renaissance Era. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck | Art History | |||||
4 | 01/01/1500 | Albrecht Durer's "Self Portrait" | This self portrait showed the realism of the age. Durer showed contrast and accuracy of depiction. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Duerer01.jpg | Art History | |||||
5 | 01/01/1514 | Melencolia I | The piece was a print by Durer using engraving techniques. There is a plethora of symbolism throughout this piece. See the link for a complete list of symbols. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Melencolia_I_%28Durero%29.jpg | Art History | |||||
6 | 01/01/1535 | 12/31/1540 | Adoration of the Shepherds | Bright faces, religious themes, and small heads can be seen in Bronzino's painting. | http://www.artbible.net/3JC/-Luk-02,08_Angel_Shepherds_Ange_Bergers/slides/16%20BRONZINO%20ADORATION%20OF%20SHEPHERDS%20B.html | Art History | ||||
7 | 01/01/1540 | 12/31/1545 | Allegory of the Triumph of Venus | Contorting muscles and figures are the center of the artwork. Garish colors (especially in the skin), symbolism, and religious themes are found are not-so-subtly hidden. This piece was done by the Florentine artist Bronzino. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Angelo_Bronzino_001.jpg | Art History | ||||
8 | 01/01/1562 | The Rape of Europa | Europa's contorted posture, and religious themes would transition the Northern and Venetian Renaissance to the Age of Mannerism. Piece by Titian. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Tizian_085.jpg | Art History | |||||
9 | 01/01/1592 | 12/31/1594 | The Last Supper | Tintorretto's "Last Supper" has heavy religious theme a mysticism as well due to the smoky figures of angels and the fire symbolizing Heaven. Jesus and his disciples adorn halos in a darker aspect of the Mannerism Movement. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Tintosoup.jpg | Art History | ||||
10 | 01/01/1598 | Judith Beheading Holofernes | This piece kick-started the Baroque Movement with dramatic lighting. Shadows force the audience to focus on the woman and the head of Holofernes. Woman empowerment is portrayed by Caravaggio's work. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Caravaggio_Judith_Beheading_Holofernes.jpg | Art History | |||||
11 | 01/01/1618 | 12/31/1619 | Two Satyrs | This disturbing painting shows Ruben-esque style by incorporating chiaroscuro and voluptuous figures. | http://www.wikipaintings.org/en/peter-paul-rubens/two-satyrs-1619#supersized-artistPaintings-216718 | Art History | ||||
12 | 01/01/1642 | The Night Watch | Rembrandt showed his skills with chiaroscuro, tenebrism, and movement. Shadows and soft lines were substituted for crisp, realism lines. All were characteristics of the Baroque Movement. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg | Art History | |||||
13 | 01/01/1750 | 12/31/1850 | Neoclassical | The era was inspired by Greco-Roman antiquity. Sculptures were done in Greek style. | Era | Art History | ||||
14 | 01/01/1780 | 12/31/1850 | Romanticism | Romanticism glorified ideals (most notably liberty, justice, and hope) often with these ideals competing on the same canvas. The era placed a heavy emphasis on nature. | Era | Art History | ||||
15 | 01/01/1784 | Oath of Horatii | Completed by David, this showed the classical influence of Greco-Roman antiquity. This portrayed patriotism using classical perspective lines as the eyes wander to the swords. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg | Art History | |||||
16 | 01/01/1787 | 12/31/1793 | Psyche Revived by the Kiss of Love | The sculpture (by Canova) was done in honor of Greek style showing the draping of the robes but also adding twisted figures and a keen eye toward lighting. | http://musee.louvre.fr/oal/psyche/psyche_acc_en.html | Art History | ||||
17 | 01/01/1815 | Rise of the Carthaginian Empire | This early work of Turner's reflects Romanticism, which integrates both architecture and nature in a landscape design. The washy background hints at future tendencies. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Turner_Dido_Building_Carthage.jpg | Art History | |||||
18 | 01/01/1818 | 12/31/1819 | Raft of the Medusa | Gericault pits hope against despair during the shipwreck of the Medusa, leaving this painting as the epitome of Romanticism. As you go from left to right, the more apparent hope becomes even though the ship is merely a brush stroke in the distance. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/JEAN_LOUIS_TH%C3%89ODORE_G%C3%89RICAULT_-_La_Balsa_de_la_Medusa_%28Museo_del_Louvre%2C_1818-19%29.jpg | Art History | ||||
19 | 01/01/1830 | Liberty Leading the People | Delacroix glorifies liberty in the midst of the French Civil War. Romanticism liked to display the extreme battle of ideas at the time. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg | Art History | |||||
20 | 01/01/1844 | Rain, Steam, and Speed- The Great Western Railway | Compare this to Turner's earlier work, and the viewer will immediately notice several differences. There is no precision, limiting the realism. The further back you go into the background the more blurred things become. This painting paved the way for the style Impressionism. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg | Art History | |||||
21 | 01/01/1848 | 12/31/1900 | Realism | Artwork was objective and unemotional, a far cry from the recent Romanticism Movement. Subjects were ordinary, working-class people. Scenes of traditional life were depicted. | Era | Art History | ||||
22 | 01/01/1865 | 12/31/1885 | Impressionism | Perhaps the most famous of all the art movements, Impressionism emphasized the effects of light using pure unblended colors. Brush strokes were immediately recognizable, especially since most artists stopped using golden varnish. | Era | Art History | ||||
23 | 01/01/1885 | 12/31/1900 | Post-Impressionism | The era began with a rejection of Impressionism. Post-Impressionists used their art as a personal and spiritual form of expression. Rural communities were frequently depicted. | Era | Art History | ||||
24 | 01/01/1855 | A Painter's Studio; A Real Allegory | Courbet's style of Realism is apparent in his painting that takes a snapshot of ordinary people in a non-dramatic setting. Symbolism is sprinkled in with the guitar, the child, and the dead man in the back. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Courbet_LAtelier_du_peintre.jpg | Art History | |||||
25 | 01/01/1857 | Les Glaneuses | Also in the style of Realism, Millet mainly painted scenes from the working class citizen's point of view. He would also paint slaves in labor which was hardly done at the time. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg | Art History | |||||
26 | 01/01/1527 | 12/31/1580 | Mannerism | Characteristics included elongated limbs and contorted bodies. They also utilized the garish colors to depict the emotions of the subjects within the paintings, therefore called Mannerism. | Era | Art History | ||||
27 | 01/01/1600 | 12/31/1750 | Baroque | Chiaroscuro and tenebrism truly defined the Baroque Movement. Dramatic lights and shadows dominate most of, if not all, the paintings of the era. | Era | Art History | ||||
28 | 01/01/1874 | Paris Art Exhibition Launches Impressionism | In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched the movement called Impressionism. Its founding members included Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and Camille Pissarro, among others. | http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm | Art History | |||||
29 | 01/01/1874 | 12/31/1875 | Impression, Sunrise by Monet | Monochromatic, the entire painting is in fifty shades of blue except for the sun. The brush strokes are a key aspect of Impressionism, which shows the contrast of earlier realistic works. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg | Art History | ||||
30 | 01/01/1884 | 12/31/1886 | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Seurat | A new technique called pointillism was introduced during the Post-Impressionist Movement. This piece is the most famous of pointillist works. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.jpg | Art History | ||||
31 | 1/1/1814 | The Third of May 1808 | Goya is regarded as one of the first new masters of art, being a romantic painter of his time. He painted what happened and how he felt on the topics at hand using his expertise as a painter and a printmaker. This painting was recollecting the French invaders slaughtering Spanish natives. | http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Francisco_Goya/execution.jpeg | Boooooooooooo | Art History | ||||
32 | 01/01/1890 | 01/01/1891 | Haystacks by Claude Monet | The years of 1890-1891 Monet did a series of Impressionist paintings throughout all four seasons to study the effect of lighting and color on the same scenery. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/1270_Wheatstacks%2C_1890-91%2C_65.8_x_101_cm%2C_25_7-8_x_39_3-4_in%2C_The_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg | Art History | ||||
33 | 01/01/1893 | The Child's Bath by Mary Cassatt | Cassatt is mentionable because of her part in the Impressionism movement with her earlier works but as she aged the subject of her artwork became the interaction between mother and child. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cassatt_the_bath.jpg/393px-Cassatt_the_bath.jpg | Art History | |||||
34 | 01/01/1875 | The Dance Class by Edward Degas | Degas is characteristic of his works centering around dancers. Not only would he do paintings, he would also do sculptures and sketches of his ever-moving subjects. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_021.jpg | Art History | |||||
35 | 01/01/1898 | Le Monte Sainte- Victoire by Paul Cezanne | Cezanne is one of the artists associated with the Post-Impressionism movement, with large shapes of little coloration to produce an image. He, along with others, paved the way for later art movements such as Cubism. In this painting, there is little use of shading and utilizing different color shapes to produce a landscape | http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cezanne/st-victoire/cezanne.1897.jpg | Art History | |||||
36 | 01/01/1889 | The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh | Van Gogh is very well known through his very brushy painting style and bold colors. In the Starry Night, the sky seems to be rolling with energy and the sky seems to blend with the land. | http://uploads2.wikipaintings.org/images/vincent-van-gogh/the-starry-night-1889(1).jpg | Art History | |||||
37 | 07/04/1776 | Signing of the Declaration of Independence | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence | Miscellaneous | ||||||
38 | 1/1/1818 | Trumpet Impoved and More Popularly Used In Music | A main instrument in symphony and orchestral groups everywhere | Music | ||||||
39 | 1/1/1511 | Musica getutscht performed | The first well known piece of harpsichordian literature. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_harpsichord | Music | |||||
40 | 1/1/1525 | Violin Invented | Along with the viola, cello, and double bass, these instruments are still among the most played instruments ever. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_violin | Music | |||||
41 | 1/1/1562 | Palestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli Composed and Performed | Highly influential piece for all church music and is still regularly studied and performed. | Music | ||||||
42 | 1/1/1721 | Bach's Brandenburg Concertos Premiere | These pieces are widely considered to be among the best and most influential piece of the Baroque Era. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKOzcuWRW2o | Music | |||||
43 | 1/1/1723 | Vivaldi's The Four Seasons | One of, if not the most, important pieces in music, these piece widely influenced European classical music and is still played by virtuosos to this day. | Music | ||||||
44 | 1/1/1847 | Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 | Compostition of Liszt's famous rahpsody for piano. It's both musical and showy(like all of Liszt's pieces), and has been featured in many cartoons. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7H99FM6S8rU | Music | |||||
45 | 04/13/1742 | Handel's Messiah Premieres | It contains "The Hallelujah Chorus", an iconic section of literature. It influenced future eras, and has been redone multiple times on grander scales. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZTZRtRFkvk | Music | |||||
46 | 10/14/1843 | Mendelssohn - A Midsummer Night's Dream | First production of the Shakespeare play with Mendelssohn's incidental music. The overture was composed and performed 17 years earlier, at the beginning of his career. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUDvZaMl4RU | Music | |||||
47 | 12/18/1892 | Tchaikovsky - The Nutcracker | Premiere of Tcaikovsky's ballet, The Nutcracker, in St. Petersburg now performed by every ballet company at Christmas. Everyone knows this one. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk5Uturacx8 | Music | |||||
48 | 12/20/1877 | Brahms - Symphony No. 2 | Premiere of Brahms tuneful second symphony in Vienna | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-qMtWVf0NA | Music | |||||
49 | 12/22/1808 | Beethoven - Symphony No. 5 | premiere of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony in Vienna. Probably the most famous work of classical music of all time. Everyone has heard the first movement before. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POVjeuef0RY | Music | |||||
50 | 28/07/1750 | Johann Sebastian Bach dies. | His death all but signaled the end of the Baroque era. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach | Music | |||||
51 | 3/13/1845 | Mendelssohn - Violin Concerto in E minor | Premiere of Mendelssohn's violin concerto in Leipzig by Ferdinand David. One of the omst frequently performed violin concertos | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmj7nCRYNs4 | Music | |||||
52 | 5/7/1824 | Beethoven - Symphony No. 9 | Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in D minor in Vienna. Beethoven's last symphony featuring words from the poem "Ode to Joy" in the famous choral finale. Some consider it to be the greatest piece of music ever written. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJQ32q2k8Uo | Music | |||||
53 | 8/13/1876 | 8/17/1876 | Wagner - Der Ring des Nibelungen | First Performance of the full opera cycle by Wagner in Bayreuth. No work has ever been written with larger scope than The Ring. It consists of four operas, and takes multiple days to perform in its entirety. It follows the struggles of gods, heroes, and several mythical creatures over the eponymous magic Ring that grants domination over the entire world. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phUqKszrK9w | Music | ||||
54 | 12/24/1871 | Verdi - Aida | First performance of Verdi's opera, Aida, conducted by Giovanni Bottesini in Cairo about Egyptian and Ethiopian princesses, kings, and, of course, war. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8rsOzPzYr8 | Music | |||||
55 | 2/15/1867 | Johann Strauss II - Blue Danube Waltz | First performance of the Waltz King's famous waltz by the Wiener Männergesangsverein | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCge-suZLWw | Music | |||||
56 | 6/22/1874 | Mussorgsky - Pictures at an Exhibition | Compsition of Mussorgsky's incredible piano suite in ten movements, later arranged for orchestra by Ravel | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8ei1NF0oic | Music | |||||
57 | 01/01/1762 | Haydn composes Opus 1 | This made the string quartet immensely popular. Haydn is still considered the father of the string quartet. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_Quartet | Music | |||||
58 | 01/01/1893 | Dvorak - Symphony No. 9 | Composition of Dvorak's amazing "New World Symphony" influenced by Native American music. Possibly my favorite symphony | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuqyfEyNXQo | Music | |||||
59 | 01/01/1597 | First opera performed. | The first opera ever written was performed in 1597 in Florence in Italy. It was called Dafne and the composer was Jacopo Peri. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NlpFvDYXzY | Music | |||||
60 | 12/13/1895 | Mahler - Symphony No. 2 | World Premiere of Mahler's grand Ressurection Symphony in Berlin. Conducted by Mahler himself | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdc5n562zZg | Music | |||||
61 | 01/01/1787 | Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music) | Among Mozart's most famous works, this piece of music is regularly played by string quartets everywhere. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o | Music | |||||
62 | 01/01/1784 | The Marriage of Figaro written | An intensely popular opera, this work may be his most famous. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fef03047ZX8 | Music | |||||
63 | 01/01/1888 | Satie - Gymnopedies | Compostition and publication of Satie's three, short, atmospheric pieces for piano. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSxDjW9bLCQ | Music | |||||
64 | 11/27/1896 | Richard Strauss - Also sprach Zarathustra | First performance of the tone poem based on Nietzsche's novel in Frankfurt | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9QxaJLt7EA | Music | |||||
65 | 9/18/1899 | Joplin - Maple Leaf Rag | Publication of the familiar ragtime piano work by "the king of ragtime." One of the standards and most recognizable ragtime pieces. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B04--XmZiE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Rag | Music | |||||
66 | 3/3/1875 | Bizet - Carmen | Premiere in Paris of one of the most famous comic operas of all time based on the novella by Prosper Mérimée | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-4hd8KEtEo | Music | |||||
67 | 01/01/1832 | Chopin - Opus 9 | Composition and Publication of the famous set of three Nocturnes for piano | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvxS_bJ0yOU | Music | |||||
68 | 01/01/1835 | Schumann - Carnaval | Composition and Publication of the solo piano work containing musical cryptograms about masked revelers at a carnival | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNo2aiKV-a0 | Music | |||||
69 | 01/01/1826 | Schubert - String Quartet No. 14 | First performance of Schubert's "Death and the Maiden", which he finished only two years before his own death | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELEq1MA8m8Q | Music | |||||
70 | 3/7/1821 | Schubert - Der Erlkonig | Premiere of Schubert's song for voice and piano in Vienna. The song is based on the Goether poem about a child assailed by a supernatural being. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZxzz-N3oxM | Music | |||||
71 | 01/01/1801 | Beethoven - Piano Sonata No. 14 | Composition of Beethoven's famous Moonlight Sonata. The first movement is recognizable by everyone as one of the most famous piano works of all time. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULwDIQhrj6Q | Music | |||||
72 | 01/01/1819 | Paganini - 24 caprices | Year of publication of the violin wizard's 24 caprices for solo violin. The beginning of modern violin virtuosity | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZ307sM0t-0 | Music | |||||
73 | 01/01/1847 | Chopin - Minute Waltz | Composition and publication of probably the most famous piano waltz of all time | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KESTJm1g_N0 | Music | |||||
74 | 10/25/1875 | Tchaikovsky - Piano Concerto No. 1 | Premiere of one of the greatest piano concerti of all time in Boston by soloist Hans van Bulow | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItSJ_woWnmk | Music | |||||
75 | 12/1/1830 | Berlioz - Symphonie Fantastique | Premiere of Berlioz's program symphony telling the story of "an artist gifted with a lively imagination" who has "poisoned himself with opium" in the "depths of despair" because of "hopeless love." | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9CYLAuKdtU | Music | |||||
76 | 05/25/1878 | Gilbert and Sullivan publishes H.M.S Pinafore | An extremely popular comic opera in Britain and America. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odBDjYK1gz4 | Music | |||||
77 | 01/01/1467 | 01/01/1536 | Desiderius Erasmus (European Philosopher) | Most influential humanist of the early Renaissance; focused on simplistic Christianity/reformation; criticized the Church/butted heads with Martin Luther | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/erasmus/ | Philosophy | ||||
78 | 01/01/1596 | 01/01/1650 | René Descartes (French Philosopher) | Mathematician, naturalist, metaphysician. Developed techniques for algebraic geometry in addition to a new and comprehensive physics. Formulated the mind-body problem. Argued for the existence of God. Relied heavily on skepticism. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/ | Philosophy | ||||
79 | 01/01/1689 | An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Locke) | The Essay Concerning Human Understanding is sectioned into four books. Taken together, they comprise an extremely long and detailed theory of knowledge starting from the very basics and building up. He argues that all human knowledge is gathered from experience (Book I), attempts to explain where ideas come from (Book II), analyzes the meanings and uses of words (Book III), and finally tells the reader what his theory of knowledge is (Book IV). This work was one of the first of its kind, trying to explain human nature without turning to God and religion for answers. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding | Philosophy | |||||
80 | 01/01/1689 | A Letter Concerning Toleration (Locke) | Locke's “A Letter Concerning Toleration” appeared amidst a fear that Catholicism might be taking over England, and responds to the problem of religion and government by proposing religious toleration as the answer. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Letter_Concerning_Toleration | Philosophy | |||||
81 | 01/01/1759 | Candide (Voltaire) | Candide reflects Voltaire’s lifelong aversion to Christian regimes of power and the arrogance of nobility, but it also criticizes certain aspects of the philosophical movement of the Enlightenment. It attacks the school of optimism that contends that rational thought can curtail the evils perpetrated by human beings. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candide | Philosophy | |||||
82 | 01/22/1561 | 04/09/1626 | Francis Bacon (English Philosopher) | Cambridge University; one of the founders of Empiricism and also a major contributor to the current Scientific Method | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/francis-bacon/ | Philosophy | ||||
83 | 04/22/1724 | 02/12/1804 | Immanuel Kant (German Philosopher) | Critiqued by - Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte ; Fields of Work – Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics, Aesthetics ; Studied at - University of Königsberg | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ | Philosophy | ||||
84 | 05/20/1806 | 05/08/1873 | John Stuart Mill (English Philosopher) | Critiqued by - Thomas Babington Macaulay; Fields of Work – Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy, Science; Studied at - University College London | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill/ | Philosophy | ||||
85 | 06/19/1623 | 01/01/1662 | Blaise Pascal (French Philosopher) | Laid the foundations for infintesimal and integral calculus. Viewed science and religion as counterparts. Relied more heavily on intuition rather than reason. Skeptical thinker. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/ | Philosophy | ||||
86 | 08/29/1632 | 10/28/1704 | John Locke (English Philosopher) | Contributed to the rise of deism; Critiqued - Nicolas Malebranche ; Critiqued by - Karl Marx, George Berkeley ; Fields of Work – Politics, Ethics, Religion ; Studied at - University of Oxford | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/ | Philosophy | ||||
87 | 11/21/1694 | 05/20/1778 | Voltaire (French Philosopher) | Real name - François-Marie Arouet; Critiqued - Everyone; Critiqued by - Also everyone; Fields of Work - Social and Poitical Philosophy, Religion; Studied at - Collège Louis-le-Grand | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/voltaire/ | Philosophy | ||||
88 | 01/01/1632 | 01/01/1677 | Baruch Spinoza (German Philosopher) | Radical philosopher of the early modern period. Focused on Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles. Naturalistic views on God, humanity, and the world which influenced his view on morality. Radically disagreed with orthodox scripture interpretation. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/ | Philosophy | ||||
89 | 06/01/1646 | 01/01/1716 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (German Philosopher) | Considered as the last "universal genius" for his contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, logic, philosophy of religion, mathematics, physics, geology, jurisprudence and history. Focused on relating ancient thought with modern philosophies. Influenced by Descartes, Pascal and Spinoza. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz/ | Philosophy | ||||
90 | 10/15/1844 | 08/25/1900 | Friedrich Nietzsche (German Philosopher) | Born into a religious family, Nietzsche played a rebel and challenged the fundamentals of Christianity and traditional morality as based on such. His philosophy focused on the material world in which we find ourselves, as opposed to a platonic heaven. He emphasized creativity and culture and viewed truth as subjective. Nietzsche was influenced by Schopenhauer. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/ | Philosophy | ||||
91 | 01/01/1764 | Dictionnaire Philosophique (Voltaire) | The Dictionnaire was a lifelong project for Voltaire. It represents the culmination of his views on Christianity, God, morality and other subjects. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_philosophique | Philosophy | |||||
92 | 01/01/1781 | Critique of Pure Reason (Kant) | Kant’s primary aim in this work was to determine the limits and scope of pure reason. That is, he wanted to know what reason alone could determine without the help of the senses or any other faculties. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason | Philosophy | |||||
93 | 01/01/1788 | Critique of Practical Reason (Kant) | Kant's work strongly influenced the development of the fields of ethic and moral philosophy through logical thought. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Practical_Reason | Philosophy | |||||
94 | 01/01/1790 | Critique of Judgment (Kant) | Kant set about examining our faculty of judgment, which led him down a number of divergent paths. While the Critique of Judgment delt with matters related to science and teleology, it was most remembered for what Kant had to say about aesthetics. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Judgment | Philosophy | |||||
95 | 01/01/1784 | Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? (Kant) | In this work, Kant defined what Enlightenment was and that the lack of Enlightenment was people's inability to think for themselves due not to their lack of intellect, but lack of courage. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Answering_the_Question:_What_is_Enlightenment%3F | Philosophy | |||||
96 | 01/01/1863 | Utilitarianism (Mill) | In this work, Mill provides support for the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory and to respond to misconceptions that were rising about it. Mill argued that utilitarianism coincides with "natural" sentiments that originate from humans' social nature. | http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/utilitarianism/ | Philosophy | |||||
97 | 01/01/1848 | Principles of Political Economy (Mill) | In this book, Mill examines the fundamental economic processes on which society is based: production, the distribution of goods, exchange, the effect of social progress on production and distribution, and the role of government in economic affairs. This book essentially outlines the majority of America's system. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_Political_Economy | Philosophy | |||||
98 | 01/01/1869 | Subjection of Women (Mill) | In this work, Mill argues that the old worldview of women under the rule of the husbands had no place in the new intellectually growing world, protesting for their right to vote, hold jobs, and many other "male" activities of the time. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Subjection_of_Women | Philosophy | |||||
99 | 04/05/1588 | 12/04/1679 | Thomas Hobbes (English Philosopher) | Oxford; Hobbes wrote a very controversial book in the times of civil war in England between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. He attempted to reform philosophy to avoid political conflict. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes/ | Philosophy | ||||
100 | 05/07/1711 | 08/25/1776 | David Hume (Scottish Philosopher) | University of Edinburgh; Many of Hume's ideas are core beliefs of Utilitarianism. Hume wrote about morals and human nature using empiricism and logic and is still very influential today. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/ | Philosophy | ||||
101 | 04/27/1759 | 09/10/1797 | Mary Wollstonecraft (English Philosopher) | Considered one of the first female philosophers, Wollstonecraft paved the way for women education with her Thoughts on Education of Daughters. Fields of Work - Ethics, Political Philosophy; Home-schooled | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft | Philosophy | ||||
102 | 01/01/1787 | Thoughts on Education of Daughters (Wollstonecraft) | This text is still read and analyzed in teaching classrooms today; it focuses on how women (of the Enlightenment era or in general) can educate themselves so they would be able to hold their own in the growing middle class. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughts_on_the_Education_of_Daughters | Philosophy | |||||
103 | 06/28/1712 | 07/02/1778 | Jean Jacques Rousseau (French philosopher) | Rousseau wrote on the topics of Social Contract and Education. He was an advocate of democracy and believed that education should be tailored to the development of a person instead of the other way around. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rousseau/ | Philosophy | ||||
104 | 01/07/1743 | 05/25/1805 | William Paley (English Philosopher) | Fields of Work – Moral Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion; Studied at – University of Cambridge (Christ’s College); Influenced - Charles Darwin | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Paley | Philosophy | ||||
105 | 02/15/1748 | 06/06/1832 | Jeremy Bentham (English philosopher) | Bentham is noted as one of the founders of Utilitarianism. He was influenced greatly by empiricists Locke and Hume. His main argument is that mankind is governed by pain and pleasure. | http://www.iep.utm.edu/bentham/ | Philosophy | ||||
106 | 01/01/1785 | The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (Paley) | This work by William Paley was one of the most popular books in England and America in the early nineteenth century. Its significance lies in the fact that it marks an important point at which eighteenth century “whiggism” began to be transformed into nineteenth century “liberalism.” | http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=703 | Philosophy | |||||
107 | 01/01/1802 | Natural Theology (Paley) | This is William Paley's classic watchmaker argument, in which he compared life on earth to a watch. Paley's argument stated that living organisms show evidence of having been designed, analogous to a human-produced watch. This was a growing belief during the Enlightenment time, popular among many scientists, philosophers, and other intellectuals who sought to create a balance between religion and science. | http://web.ecologia.unam.mx/laboratorios/evolucionmolecular/homes/pdfs/WilliamPaley_1802_NaturalTheology.pdf | Philosophy | |||||
108 | 05/06/1856 | 09/23/1939 | Sigmund Freud (Austrian philosopher and psychologist) | University of Vienna; Freud is noted as the "father of psychoanalysis. He is a huge influence in both the psychology and philosophy worlds for providing a new insight to why humans behave in certain ways. | http://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/ | Philosophy | ||||
109 | 01/01/1639 | The Meditations (Descartes) | While Descartes' first publication, Discourse, was a mainly scientific and mathematical work which included parts of Descartes' earlier, abandoned work The World, it is considered important from a historical standpoint because it describes Descartes' life and influences in addition to his empirical inquires. However, the Meditations is his most popular work as it is grounded in the field of metaphysics as it inspects the possibility of knowledge using skeptical questions. In the Meditations, Descartes strips any knowledge he may possess and works his was up through rational arguments to prove the existence of himself, God, the world and the possession of actual knowledge, with an emphasis on rational understanding as a trump to empirical, evidential understanding. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/#WorDis | Philosophy | Philosophy | ||||
110 | 01/01/1644 | 1/1/1644 | The Principles (Descartes) | Dedicated to princess Elizabeth for her correspondence and fascination with Descartes' mind-body problem, the Principles develops Descartes' metaphysics. While this work is mainly a re-run of the Meditations, the document proved important as it influenced thinkers Robert Boyle, Edmond Halley, and Isaac Newton, the latter having criticized certain ideas presented within the text, such as the argument against the possibility of a vacuum. The Principles is a metaphysical document which argues principally on concepts alone, devoid of mathematical reasoning and with only slight use of empirical ideas. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/#WorDis | Philosophy | ||||
111 | 02/22/1788 | 09/21/1860 | Arthur Schopenhauer (German Philosopher) | Critiqued - Immanuel Kant and Georg Hegel; Critiqued by Bertrand Russell for seemingly living a life at odds with his philosophical writings; Fields of Work - Metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, psychology; Influenced - Nietzsche, Eistein, and Freud; Studied at - University of Göttingen | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer | Philosophy | ||||
112 | 01/01/1605 | The Advancement of Learning (Bacon) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advancement_of_Learning | Philosophy | ||||||
113 | 01/01/1620 | Novum Organum (Bacon) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Organum | Philosophy | ||||||
114 | 01/01/1626 | New Atlantis (Bacon) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Atlantis | Philosophy | ||||||
115 | 01/01/1651 | Leviathan (Hobbes) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_(book) | Philosophy | ||||||
116 | 01/01/1739 | A Treatise of Human Nature (Hume) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_of_Human_Nature | Philosophy | ||||||
117 | 01/01/1873 | On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense (Nietzsche) | Although this was an unpublished essay, it is considered today to reveal a great deal of Nietzsche's thinking. The essay rejects universal constants as a figment of human creation, like all things considered truth and knowable when the human race dies out so will these projections. Therefore it is presumed that Nietzsche.. more to come. | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/#EarWri187187 | Philosophy | |||||
118 | 12/01/1818 | The World as Will and Representation (Schopenhauer) | In this book, Schopenhauer claimed that our world is driven by a continually dissatisfied will, continually seeking satisfaction. This was one of the first works of philosophy that attempted to use a blend of Eastern and Western thought into a central philosophy. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_as_Will_and_Representation | Philosophy | |||||
119 | 01/01/1813 | On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (Schopenhauer) | This work by Schopenhauer stated that everything must have a reason or cause, breaking things down into four classes: Becoming, Knowing, Being, and Willing. The work was important of the time because it is representative of how the people of the Enlightenment were trying to find the central naure of things and understand the world around them. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Fourfold_Root_of_the_Principle_of_Sufficient_Reason#Conclusion | Philosophy | |||||
120 | 01/01/1751 | Concerning the Principles of Morals (Hume) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Enquiry_Concerning_the_Principles_of_Morals | Philosophy | ||||||
121 | 01/01/1762 | The Social Contract (Rousseau) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Social_Contract | Philosophy | ||||||
122 | 01/01/1762 | Emile (Rousseau) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile:_or,_On_Education | Philosophy | ||||||
123 | 01/01/1789 | Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Bentham) | Philosophy | |||||||
124 | 01/01/1895 | Studies on Hysteria (Freud) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studies_on_Hysteria | Philosophy | ||||||
125 | 01/01/1900 | The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams | Philosophy | ||||||
126 | 01/01/1923 | The Ego and the Id (Freud) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ego_And_The_Id | Philosophy | ||||||
127 | 8/29/1904 | 10/23/1904 | Jonathan Edwards | One of America's most important philosophical theologians. His work is expressed in two themes -- "the absolute sovereignty of God and the beauty of God's holiness". | http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/edwards/ | Religion | ||||
128 | 10/10/1560 | 10/19/1609 | Jacobus Arminius | Spent time as a professor at the University of Leiden and wrote many books and treatises on theology. Developed the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrant movement. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Arminius_2.jpg | Religion | ||||
129 | 10/31/1517 | 95 Theses | Document posted by Martin Luther on the door of All Saints' Church which expressed Luther's problems with the Catholic Church, the most talked about being the selling of indulgences for the forgiveness of sins. | http://www.spurgeon.org/~phil/history/95theses.htm | Religion | |||||
130 | 11/10/1483 | 02/18/1546 | Martin Luther | Martin Luther is given credit for starting the Protestant Reformation when he posted his 95 Theses on the door of All Saints' Church in 1517. | http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/martin-luther.html | Religion | ||||
131 | 2/1/1678 | The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come; Delivered under the Similitude of a Dream | A Christian Allegory written by John Bunyan. Considered one of the most important works of religious English Literature and has been translated into more than 200 languages. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Pilgrim%27s_Progress_first_edition_1678.jpg | Religion | |||||
132 | 7/10/1506 | 5/27/1564 | John Calvin | John Calvin was an influential French Theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation and was influential in the development of Christian Theology referred to as Calvinism | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Calvin_by_Holbein.png | Religion | ||||
133 | 01/01/1523 | 10/11/1531 | Ulrich Zwingli gives his 67 Theses | In 1523, militant Swiss reformer Ulrich Zwingli stood before the Zurich City Council announcing his problems with the Catholic Church. His most notable problem was the inability of clergymen to be married. He was married publicly in 1524. | http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/moversandshakers/zwingli.html?start=2 | Religion | ||||
134 | 06/28/1703 | 03/02/1791 | John Wesley | John Wesley is given credit for starting the Methodist movement near the end of the First Great Awakening in America. He was a British man invited by Oglethorpe to be a minister in the colony of Georgia. His work is also what began Pentecostalism. | http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/denominationalfounders/wesley.html | Religion | ||||
135 | 01/01/1731 | 12/31/1755 | The First Great Awakening | Christian movement that swept through Protestant Europe and British America led by preachers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. This time period emphasized the sin of man and the need of a personal Savior. First time that Christianity in the Western world was made more personal to everyone and less of a ritual or ceremony. | http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/grawaken.htm | Religion | ||||
136 | 01/01/1790 | 12/31/1840 | The Second Great Awakening | The second major Protestant movement in America that highlighted the need for behavioral change before the second coming of Jesus Christ. The reformers were predominantly Baptist and Methodist. This time is where Evangelicalism and Revivalism first started. | http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/outlines/history-1994/the-formation-of-a-national-government/the-second-great-awakening.php | Religion | ||||
137 | 2/5/1837 | 12/22/1899 | Dwight L. Moody | Dwight L. Moody was an American evangelist and publisher who founded the Moody Church, Northfield School and Mount Hermon School in Massachusetts, the Moody Bible Institute and Moody Publishers. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dwight_Lyman_Moody_c.1900.jpg | Religion | ||||
138 | 12/27/1714 | 09/30/1770 | George Whitefield | George Whitefield was the most famous preacher during the First Great Awakening. He was well-known in Britain and America. He traveled through all the American colonies drawing huge crowds. His preaching style was notably loud, for it is rumored that thousands could hear his voice with no voice magnification devices. | http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/evangelistsandapologists/whitefield.html | Religion | ||||
139 | 11/19/1862 | 11/6/1935 | Billy Sunday | Went from being a National League Baseball player to be one of America's most influential Evangelists | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Billy_Sunday_1921.jpg | Religion | ||||
140 | 08/17/1761 | 06/09/1834 | William Carey | William Carey is known as the "father of modern missions." He devoted his life to teaching and preaching in India. He translated the Bible from English to Bengali, Sanskrit, and many other languages during his lifetime. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary) | Religion | ||||
141 | 6/27/1904 | 7/17/1904 | English Puritan Revolution | A series of political and military conflict that came from the collapse of the rule and religious policies of Charles I. | http://www.folger.edu/imgdtl.cfm?imageid=1084&cid=1631 | Religion | ||||
142 | 01/01/1750 | 12/31/1860 | Islam in Western Culture | Islam was introduced into Western culture predominantly through Muslim slaves from Africa being brought to Europe and America | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States#Pre_American_Revolution | Religion | ||||
143 | 01/01/1880 | 12/31/1914 | Immigration of Muslims into America | During this time, thousands of Muslims immigrated to America from the former Ottoman Empire | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States#Pre_American_Revolution | Religion | ||||
144 | 08/09/1788 | 04/12/1850 | Adoniram Judson | Notable Protestant missionary to Burma. He made global missions a very important thing in Protestantism. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoniram_Judson | Religion | ||||
145 | 2/21/1905 | 4/1/1905 | Carlisle Indian Industrial School | The first federally funded off-reservation Indian boarding school that became the model for many other Indian schools. It was founded by Captain Richard Henry Pratt as a place for Indians to learn the ways of the Americans and their culture. Many Native Americans felt that the Americans were using these schools to force their children to give up their own culture for the American one. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Carlisle_Indian_School_Logo.png | Religion | ||||
146 | 03/19/1873 | 05/01/1873 | David Livingstone | Famous missionary and explorer to Africa. H.M. Stanley famously said while searching for Livingstone in Africa, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Livingstone | Religion | ||||
147 | 1/1/1595 | Compound Microscope | A microscope with two lens invented by Zacharias Jassen that provided a 3X to 9X magnification, which allowed us to begin studying microscopic objects. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1500.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
148 | 1/1/1630 | Slide Rule | Invented by William Oughtred, the slide rule was en early version of a calculator that used sliding rulers to do complex calculations including multiplication, division, logarithms, exponentials, and trigonometry. It allowed quick and easy calculation of large numbers without the need to do long complex pencil-and-paper calculations. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule | Science and Tech | |||||
149 | 1/1/1564 | Lead (Graphite) Pencil | Something to write with that didn't require chisels or geese quills; a major improvement! Anonymous. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1500.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
150 | 1/1/1593 | Thermometer | Invented by Galileo Galilei, it used water, not mercury or alcohol, to tell the temperature. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1500.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
151 | 1/1/1608 | Refracting Telescope | A two lens telescope created by Hans Lippershey. This style was used by Gallileo to study astronomy and led to the discovery of Saturn's rings and Jupiter's moons. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1500.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
152 | 1/1/1636 | Micrometer | William Gascoigne invented the micrometer due to the need to make small, precise measurements. The first use was to measure distances between angles when looking at stars through a telescope. Today, they are used in many cases, including measurements of animal parts to making sure machined parts are the correct size. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometer | Science and Tech | |||||
153 | 1/1/1643 | Barometer | Invented by Evangelista Torricelli, the barometer was invented to measure atmospheric pressure. This allowed meterologists the ability to predict short-term changes in the weather. This device is still used to a great extent to predict the weather today. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer | Science and Tech | |||||
154 | 1/1/1700 | Bifocal Glasses | Benjamin Franklin got annoyed at having to keep changing pairs of glasses and created ones with different top and bottom lens. This allows you to see near and far with the same pair of glasses | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
155 | 1/1/1800 | Battery | Electricity in a box was created by Count Alessandro Volta and naturally has been widely used since to power electronic devices. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
156 | 1/1/1742 | Celsius Scale/Centigrade | Anders Celsius invented this way to measure temperature based on the freezing and boiling point of water at 1 standard atmosphere. Naturally, almost the entire world but the USA uses it. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius | Science and Tech | |||||
157 | 12/1/1782 | Hot Air Balloon | Joseph and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier were two brother from France that created the first successful hot air balloon. Slightly different than today, it was made of paper and ran on wool and moist straw. With the hot air balloon, humanity gained a fairly controlled method of flight and could now do atmospheric experiments. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1700.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
158 | 01/01/1898 | "Teleautomatics" (Radio Control) | Nikola Tesla invented and demonstrated a radio-controlled boat that he called a "teleautomaton." Onlookers were afraid of this, calling it magic, telepathy, and even saying there was a trained monkey inside the boat. This radio control led the way to many radio-controlled devices including toy cars, full-sized cars, and drone planes. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Radio | Science and Tech | |||||
159 | 1/1/1865 | Liquid Soap | William Shepphard patented liquid soap. This led to better sanitary conditions for times to come. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap | Science and Tech | |||||
160 | 1/1/1774 | Telegraph | Georges Louis Lesage patented the electric paragraph. This allowed quick communicationa cross long distances and even over wireless radio when that was invented. This allowed the expansion of America to happen more quickly as news could spread quickly. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph | Science and Tech | |||||
161 | 1/1/1790 | Metric System | After the Revolution, the Academy of Sciences of Paris came up with standardized measurements. They based the new system on one 10-millionth of the perceived distance from the earth’s equator to its pole. The prefixes (kilo, mili, centi…) and mass units (litter, gram, etc.) were also invented at this time. Just like Centigrade, most of the world uses this, with the USA being the major exceptions. Ps. Our foot and inch system is called the Imperial System, which was invented in Great Britain, but they have since switched to metrics. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1700.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
162 | 1/1/1731 | Sextant | This astronomical instrument, simultaneously invented in both England and the USA, provided a way to determine latitude by using celestial bodies and angles. It was a great step for navigation, especially for seafarers. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1700.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
163 | 1/1/1775 | Flush Toilet | THe Flush Toilet was invented by Alexander Cummings in 1775. This toilet allowed sewage waste to be taken away while keeping the bathroom clean and not smelling bad. It uses a sophon effect to keep water in the bowl, blocking sewage vapors from getting into the place where the toilet is. The almost exact design is still in use today. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet | Science and Tech | |||||
164 | 1/1/1793 | Cotton Gin | The cotton gin was patented by Eli Whitney to help separate the seeds from the cotton fibers. This allowed mass production of cotton, allowing the south to prosper economically and the rest of the country to prosper with new textiles. The process used by the cotton gin is still in use today to separate seeds from fibers. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_gin | Science and Tech | |||||
165 | 1/1/1862 | Plastic | Alexander Parkes invented plastic at this time from petroleum. Thisi allowed mass production of many new things. Plastic is used in almost everything nowadays. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic | Science and Tech | |||||
166 | 1/1/1861 | Yale/Cylinder Lock | Also knowns as the pin tumbler lock, it was invented by Linus Yale. This lock used a series of pins that allowed a cylinder to move when the pins were in a specific position. This form of lock is the most-used type of lock. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin_tumbler_lock | Science and Tech | |||||
167 | 1/1/1718 | Machine or Engine for the Grinding of Colours | Yes, that’s this creation’s actual name. Before this, paint was made by hand grinding pigment and mixing it with oil to make a paste. Marshall Smith’s invention greatly reduced the cost of paint and helped it rise in decorative popularity. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint | Science and Tech | |||||
168 | 1/1/1812 | Steam Boat | Henry Bell changed boating forever with his creation of the first efficient steam boat called the Comet. It allowed sailors to not be dependent on the weather or manpower. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1700.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
169 | 1/1/1841 | Stapler | The stapler was invented by Samuel Slocum as a way for King Louis XV to pin papers together. Each staple had the court insgnia in it. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapler | Science and Tech | |||||
170 | 1/1/1847 | Antiseptics | Invented by Ignaz Semmelweis to help prevent infection | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiseptic | Science and Tech | |||||
171 | 1/1/1867 | Typewriter | Christopher Scholes invented it. It allowed people to type legibly and quickly. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter | Science and Tech | |||||
172 | 1/1/1868 | Traffic Lights | J. P. Knight invented this as traffic with horses and soon-to-be-made automobiles increased. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light | Science and Tech | |||||
173 | 1/1/1889 | Dishwasher | Josephine Garis (Yay! A women inventor!) created the first working automatic dishwasher, although they would not become widespread until the mid-1900s, | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800b.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
174 | 1/1/1855 | Bunsen Burner | Robert Bunsen’s invention made is possible to identify elements by flame tests because it didn’t interfere with the colors certain elements gave off when they were heated. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800b.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
175 | 1/1/1871 | Idaho Potato | Before you automatically say that potatoes do not belong on a timeline, consider that this one not only helped Ireland recover from its devastating 1840-60 potato famine, but its creator, Luther Burbank, was a very influential plant breeder who developed over 800 new strains. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800b.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
176 | 1/1/1864 | Pasteurization | Luis Pasteur found out while on vacation that heating liquids enough could kill microbes. A very big step in improving food quality! | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization | Science and Tech | |||||
177 | 1/1/1895 | X-rays | Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen first described this type of radiation and began using it to photograph objects hidden behind opaque shields, such as his skeleton. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800b.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
178 | 1/1/1662 | Boyle's Law for Ideal Gasses | Pressure’s relationship with volume as first described by Robert Boyle. Something every chemistry student has to memorize today. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle%27s_law | Science and Tech | |||||
179 | 1/1/1665 | The Cell | Robert Hooke used the recently invented microscope to discover what he called “cells” after noting their resemblance to a monk’s quarters. Along with atoms, the other building blocks of life! | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke | Science and Tech | |||||
180 | 1/1/1668 | Spontaneous Generation Disproved! | Yes, it took thousands of years for people to discover that maggots, and other things, did not just appear, but that they had to come from somewhere. Francesco Redi began the disprovement process and it was confirmed by Pasteur in the 19th century. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_generation | Science and Tech | |||||
181 | 1/1/1675 | Microorganisms | Anton van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe microorganisms by using the ever-improving microscope. It was another milestone in science. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganisms | Science and Tech | |||||
182 | 1/2/1895 | x-rays | Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen first described this type of radiation and began using it to photograph objects hidden behind opaque shields, such as his skeleton. | http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1800b.shtml | Science and Tech | |||||
183 | 1/1/1865 | Gregor Mendel | Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance lead to our modern bases of allele based genetics. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance | Science and Tech | |||||
184 | 1/1/1869 | Periodic Table of the Elements | Dmitri Mendeleev discovered that the elements had patterns that repeated periodically and this lead to his creation of the famous “table.” | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev | Science and Tech | |||||
185 | 01/01/1600 | The Concept of Childhood Emerges | Among prosperous families, the idea that children (only boys at this time) should be allowed to play, interact, and become educated to further their capabilities before the more demanding roles of adulthood. Childhood as a distinct stage was more readily accepted in areas where advancements were being made in nutrition and hygiene, thus prolonging the life expectancy. | http://books.google.com/books?id=tQoKAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=social+structures+of+the+1600s&source=bl&ots=ll2aGW44pM&sig=VCsFVq4dnuCfmoSN8gY3h_TU0h4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xW3oUsW5MaatsQTw04FY&ved=0CHEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=social%20structures%20of%20the%201600s&f=false | Social Customs/Norms | |||||
186 | 01/01/1634 | 12/31/1634 | Anne Hutchinson Becomes America's First Feminist | Anne Hutchinson, a Puritan who emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634, is widely regarded as being the first true American feminist for her role in spreading the teachings and interpretations on religion- which at the time, was regarded as heresy due to her gender. Anne was the founder of the first women's group in America, and before her exile and death, spoke out against Indian slavery, racial prejudice, and gender roles. | http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/art/panne-hutchinson.jpg | Social Customs/Norms | ||||
187 | 01/01/1750 | 12/31/1750 | The Agricultural Revolution Begins in the UK | The social structure was once again changed, as labourers and those who worked in agriculture began to play a more important role. A new strata of social classes was formed; in order of highest importance to least, they were as follows: Royal, Noble, Baronet, Knight, Gentlemen, Yeoman, Tradesmen, Cottagers. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structure_of_the_United_Kingdom | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
188 | 04/21/1509 | 01/28/1547 | Reign of King Henry VIII of England | Henry VIII was an example of a "Renaissance man". He loved athletics, hunting, and dancing; was an author and composer; and was well educated in the humanities. His six marriages exemplify how royal marriages of this period were for dynastic (producing an heir) and political needs. Card games became a popular leisure activities for both men and women at this time. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
189 | 10/13/1536 | 02/28/1537 | Pilgrimage of Grace | The Pilgrimage of Grace was a widespread revolt against the rule of Henry VIII. This revolt was an uncommon occurrence of nobles and common people joining together against a common enemy. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_Grace | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
190 | 01/01/1525 | 12/31/1618 | Price Revolution | The so called "price revolution" drastically changed the role money played in trade, specifically affecting those in the UK and the Americas. Due to a widespread decrease in population due in part to the Black Death, as well as an influx of new currencies, competition for food and other limited quantities drove prices for common goods up to six times their original cost. | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2122742?seq=1 | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
191 | 07/19/1848 | 07/20/1848 | Seneca Falls Convention | An early, very influential women's rights conference held in New York and hosted by prominent advocates wishing to allot more freedoms to the female gender. The 'Declaration of Sentiments' was introduced at this conference. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
192 | 01/01/1845 | Friedrich Engels publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England | Engels' work is a classic account of the universal condition of the industrial working class during its time. It was written during his stay in Manchester and includes his observations of the industry workers there. He concludes that the industrial revolution made workers worse off. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
193 | 01/01/1533 | King Henry VIII Mandates 'Act for Reformation of Excesse in Apparayle' | This mandate further defined the separation of class under the king's reign. Peasants were restricted to simple, drab linen fabrics, and were not permitted to wear those textiles associated with persons of higher status/nobility, such as silk, satin, or velvet. | http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~cfinlay/images/janegreylabel.jpg | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
194 | 01/01/1832 | Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers | Founded by six men from Tolpuddle in Dorset to protest against the gradual lowering of wages in the 1830s. It was the first form of the labor union. The labor union would become the most important organization to develop during the industrial revolution in terms of class relationships. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolpuddle_Martyrs | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
195 | 01/01/1838 | 01/01/1848 | Chartist Movement | This was the first large scale organized working class political movement which campaigned for political equality and social justice. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartism | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
196 | 12/24/1666 | The Guild System Declines | As manufacturing processes became simplified, cities grew, and new trades were introduced, the economic function of the guild system declined. This served to blur class lines. | http://www.londonlives.org/static/Guilds.jsp | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
197 | 01/01/1788 | Child Labor in England and Scotland | Two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. Child labor existed before the Industrial Revolution, but it became much more visible during the revolution. Children as young as four years-old worked for less pay than adults, although their productivity was comparable, and often worked in dangerous conditions. | Social Structure/Norms | ||||||
198 | 01/01/1833 | Factory Act of 1833 | Enacted in Britain as an attempt to establish a regular working day in the textile industry. This was the first significant legislation to improve the working conditions of children. | Social Structure/Norms | ||||||
199 | 01/01/1844 | Factories Act of 1844 | Complemented the Factory Act of 1833 to further reduce the hours of work for children and applied the provisions of the previous act to women. It still only applied to the textile industry. | Social Structure/Norms | ||||||
200 | 01/01/1878 | Factory and Workshop Act of 1878 | This Act brought all the previous Acts together into one Act. The provisions now applied to all trades. It also ensured theat no child under the age of 10 was to be employed, reduced the hours of work for children ages 10-14, and reduced the hours of work for women. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_Acts#Factory_and_Workshop_Act_1878 | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
201 | 01/01/1650 | First American Female-Authored Poetry is Published | Anne Bradstreet, is considered one of the first American poets. Her poetry is regarded for its historical and religious undertones. Also, she got in some good digs on the supremacy of white males (I don't think they got it, since they published it anyway.) | http://www.annebradstreet.com/anne_bradstreet_bio_001.htm | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
202 | 01/01/1818 | Abigail Adams Writes on Her Political Influence | Arguably, one of the first women to contribute to American politics; wrote letters that describe how she exerted political influence over her famous president husband John, and son, John Quincy. | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Abigail_Adams.jpg/250px-Abigail_Adams.jpg | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
203 | 03/11/1811 | 12/21/1904 | Luddite Movement | When the industrial revolution mechanized Luddites were craft workers who attacked the machines that had taken their jobs. These riots eventually led to the first formation of trade unions. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
204 | 06/01/1789 | 12/3/1904 | French Revolution | This was a period of social and political turmoil in France. It marked the end of powerful monarchies and churches and the beginning of the rise of democracy. It stemmed from popular resentment of the upper class and an economic crisis from the expense of the Seven Years War and the American Revolution and several bad harvest years. Some historians emphasize it's importance as a struggle of the prosperous middle class becoming conscious of its own social importance while others emphasize the importance of the struggle of the peasants and urban workers for more voice in the government. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution | Social Structure/Norms | ||||
205 | 01/23/1849 | Elizabeth Blackwell Becomes First Female to Receive a Medical Degree in the US | Blackwell receives her degree from Geneva Medical College. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell | Social Structure/Norms | |||||
206 | 01/02/1667 | King Louis XIV Reforms Civil Law | Louis established a group of loyal authorities, called Intendants, to travel to remote areas formerly under self-rule and reform the regional financial, social, and judicial laws. | http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/louis_xiv_and_domestic_policy.htm | Social Structures/Norms | |||||
207 | 01/01/1502 | 01/01/1543 | Guelderian Wars | These were a series of conflicts in countries between the Duke of Burgandy, and Charles, Duke of Guelders, | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guelderian_Wars | War/Exploration | ||||
208 | 1/1/1500 | Brazil Discovered | Pedro Álvares Cabral offically discovers Brazil. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral#Discovery_of_Brazil | War/Exploration | |||||
209 | 1/1/1513 | "La Florida" Discovered | Juan Ponce de León discovers La Florida and the Yucatan. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n | War/Exploration | |||||
210 | 1/1/1519 | 1/1/1522 | First Circumnavigation of Globe | Ferdinand Magellan completes the first circumnaivation of the globe, discovers and crosses the Magellan Strait. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan | War/Exploration | ||||
211 | 1/1/1524 | East Coast of U.S. Explored | Giovanni de Verrazzano explores the eastern seaboard of the United States and discovers the beginning of the Hudson River | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Y%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Pinz%C3%B3n | War/Exploration | |||||
212 | 1/1/1526 | 1/1/1527 | New Guinea Discovered | Jorge de Menezes dicovers New Guinea. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Y%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Pinz%C3%B3n | War/Exploration | ||||
213 | 2/1/1500 | Madagascar Discovered | Diogo Dias discovers Madagascar and reaches the Red Sea. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogo_Dias | War/Exploration | |||||
214 | 05/26/1521 | 08/13/1521 | Spanish Conquer Aztec | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Tenochtitlan | War/Exploration | |||||
215 | 09/16/1810 | 09/27/1821 | Mexican War of Independence | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence | War/Exploration | |||||
216 | 09/01/1688 | 09/01/1697 | Nine Years' War | Major conflict led by King Louis XIV | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War | War/Exploration | ||||
217 | 01/01/1754 | 01/01/1763 | Seven Years' War | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War | War/Exploration | |||||
218 | 04/19/1775 | 09/03/1783 | America Revolutionary War | MERICA | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War | War/Exploration | ||||
219 | 06/18/1812 | 02/18/1815 | War of 1812 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812 | War/Exploration | |||||
220 | 01/01/1622 | 01/01/1900 | American Indian Wars | A list and short recap of every war fought between Native Americans and Americans | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars | War/Exploration | ||||
221 | 04/25/1846 | 02/02/1848 | Mexican-American War | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-American_War | War/Exploration | |||||
222 | 04/12/1861 | 05/10/1865 | American Civil War | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War | War/Exploration | |||||
223 | 02/08/1521 | 02/08/1523 | Swedish War of Liberation | This was a rebellion and civil war in which Swedish noblemen overthrew the king Christian II. The rebel leader Gustav Vasa was elected King of Sweden. The Treaty of Malmo signed on September 1 1524 allowed Sweden to secede from the Kalmar Union | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_War_of_Liberation | War/Exploration | ||||
224 | 10/02/1835 | 04/21/1836 | Texas Revolution | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Revolution | War/Exploration | |||||
225 | 01/01/1525 | 01/01/1572 | Spanish conquest Incas | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire | War/Exploration | |||||
226 | 03/09/1494 | 02/02/1559 | Great Italian Wars | These were a series of conflicts that involved most of the city states of Italy, the Papal States, and most of Western Europe. Originating from disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, it escalated to a general struggle for power and territory among the participants. This war is marked by a large number of alliances, counter-alliances, and betrayals | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Wars | War/Exploration | ||||
227 | 06/08/1524 | 02/02/1525 | German Peasants' War | A popular revolt in German speaking areas of Europe. It ended with the aristocracy slaughtering up to 100,000 of the poorly armed peasants. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War | War/Exploration | ||||
228 | 03/15/1513 | Ponce de Leon Discovers Florida | War/Exploration | |||||||
229 | 06/08/1543 | 02/02/1550 | The Rough Wooing | War was declared on Scotland by Henry VIII of England, in an attempt to force the Scots to agree to a marriage between his son Edward and the infant Queen of Scots. The war continued until changing circumstances made it irrelevant in 1550. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War | War/Exploration | ||||
230 | 01/01/1542 | Amazon River Explored by Francisco de Orellana | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Orellana | War/Exploration | ||||||
231 | 06/08/1558 | 02/02/1583 | The Livonian War | This was a war for control of Old Livonia when the Tsar of Russia faced Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and Poland | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War | War/Exploration | ||||
232 | 06/08/1568 | 02/02/1648 | The Eighty Years' War | Began as a revolt of the Provinces against Phillip II of Spain. Under the leadership of exiled William of Orange, the rebels pushed the armies out and, in 1581, established the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War | War/Exploration | ||||
233 | 01/01/1607 | Jamestown Established | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia | War/Exploration | ||||||
234 | 05/01/1804 | 09/01/1806 | Lewis and Clark Expedition | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition | War/Exploration | |||||
235 | 06/08/1578 | 02/02/1590 | The Ottoman- Safavid War | The Ottomans started the war in hopes of conquering Azebaijan and the Caucasus. The Ottomans were very successful and after 4 years the Ottomans ruled over the Azerbaijan and the Caucasus as far as the Caspian Sea. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lala_Mustafa_Pasha%27s_Caucasian_campaign | War/Exploration | ||||
236 | 04/03/1585 | 02/02/1604 | The Anglo-Spanish War | While never formally declared, this was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604) | War/Exploration | ||||
237 | 04/03/1587 | 02/02/1588 | The War of Polish Succession | This war took place over the election of the monarch after the death of the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588) | War/Exploration | ||||
238 | 01/01/1700 | 01/05/1721 | Great Northern War | A conflict led by the Tsar of Russia contesting the supremacy of the Swedish Empire across Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Northern_War | War/Exploration | ||||
239 | 01/01/1611 | 01/05/1613 | Kalmar War | A war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. This marked the last time Denmark successfully defended her dominium maris baltici against Sweden. It also marks the increasing influence of the Maritime Powers of Baltic politics | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar_War | War/Exploration | ||||
240 | 01/01/1611 | 01/05/1613 | Kalmar War | A war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. This marked the last time Denmark successfully defended her dominium maris baltici against Sweden. It also marks the increasing influence of the Maritime Powers of Baltic politics | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar_War | War/Exploration | ||||
241 | 01/01/1618 | 01/05/1648 | Thirty Years War | Fought mainly in Central Europe, this was a series of wars that involved most of Europe. This war is one of the longest and most destructive continuous wars in modern history. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War | War/Exploration | ||||
242 | 01/01/1639 | 01/05/1651 | War of the Three Kingdoms | This was a war triangle between England, Ireland, and Scotland after the three countries all came under control of the same monarch. King Charles I was ultimately executed during the conflict. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms | War/Exploration | ||||
243 | 01/01/1640 | 01/05/1668 | Portuguese Restoration War | This is the name given to the war between Portugal and Spain. Beginning in 1940 with the Portuguese revolution and ending with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, the war ended the 60 year period of Spanish rule over the Portuguese. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War | War/Exploration | ||||
244 | 01/01/1683 | 01/05/1699 | Great Turkish War | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War | War/Exploration | |||||
245 | 03/10/1535 | Galapagos Islands discovered. | The Galapagos Islands are discovered by Fray Tomás de Berlanga on accident. He was journeying to settle disputes in Peru, and found the Galapagos Islands instead. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fray_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Berlanga | War/Exploration | |||||
246 | 1/1/1539 | 1/1/1543 | Appalachians and Mississippi Crossed | While exploring much of the American South, Hernando de Soto is the first person to cross the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, opening up a path that will lead to further exploration of the American South and to the West. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto | War/Exploration | ||||
247 | 1/1/1540 | 1/1/1542 | Grand Canyon Discovered | While searching for the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado sends out small search parties. One, lead by García López de Cárdenas discovers the Grand Canyon | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas | War/Exploration | ||||
248 | 1/1/1577 | 1/1/1580 | Second Circumnavigation of the Globe | During three years, Sir Francis Drake completes the second full circumnavigation of the globe. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake | War/Exploration | ||||
249 | 1/1/1628 | Nepal is Entered | Nepal is entered for the first time by a Portuguese Jesuit missionary named João Cabral, who has high hopes of spreading the Christian faith. He did not succeed and returned to India to continue his missionary. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Cabral | War/Exploration | |||||
250 | 1/1/1732 | Alaska is Discovered | Alaska, then called the "Large Country", is discovered by Mikhail Gvozdev | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gvozdev | War/Exploration | |||||
251 | 1/1/1767 | Tahiti is Discovered | Samuel Wallis discovers modern Tahiti, initially naming it "King George's Island", after the current British king. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Wallis | War/Exploration | |||||
252 | 02/08/1701 | 02/08/1714 | The War of Spanish Succession | This was fought between European powers over who had the right to succeed the late King of Spain | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession | War/Exploration | ||||
253 | 02/08/1718 | 02/08/1720 | The War of the Quadruple Alliance | This war came from King Philip V of Spain in an attempt to retake territories in Italy. He also aspired for the French throne. An alliance of Britain, France, Austria, and the Dutch empire defeated Spain. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance | War/Exploration | ||||
254 | 02/08/1740 | 02/08/1748 | War of Austrian Succession | This involved most of the powers of Europe. The war included King George's War in North America. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession | War/Exploration | ||||
255 | 01/02/1787 | 02/01/1789 | The Dutch Patriot Revolt | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Patriot_Revolt,_1787 | War/Exploration | |||||
256 | 01/02/1792 | 02/01/1792 | Polish-Russian War of 1792 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792 | War/Exploration | |||||
257 | 01/02/1792 | 02/01/1802 | French Revolutionary Wars | This revolution was fought between the French Republic and several Monarchies in Europe from 1792 and 1802 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars | War/Exploration | ||||
258 | 05/01/1798 | 09/01/1798 | Irish Rebellion of 1798 | War/Exploration | ||||||
259 | 05/01/1803 | 09/01/1815 | Napoleonic Wars | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars | War/Exploration | |||||
260 | 05/01/1817 | 09/01/1864 | Russian conquest of the Caucasus | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_War | War/Exploration | |||||
261 | 05/01/1823 | 09/01/1823 | Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis | This was the French invasion of Spain | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis | War/Exploration | ||||
262 | 05/01/1848 | 09/01/1866 | Wars of Italian Independence | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_unification | War/Exploration | |||||
263 | 01/01/1533 | 01/01/1900 | Mexican Indian Wars | A list of wars fought between Mexico and Indians | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Indian_Wars | |||||
264 | 1/1/1868 | Johannes Brahms publishes Opus. 49 | Popularized the term lullaby. | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t894eGoymio | ||||||
265 | ||||||||||
266 | 6/5/1904 | 7/5/1904 | Thirty Years War | Was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe originally motivated by religion. It involved most of the countries of Europe and was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years'_War | Religion |