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1 | The oil and gas service companies used hydraulic fracturing products containing 29 chemicals that are (1) known or possible human carcinogens, (2) regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act for their risks to human health, or (3) listed as hazardous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act. These 29 chemicals were components of 652 different products used in hydraulic fracturing. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Group | Description | I.D | Material/Product | EHS | On EPA Tier II Report | Chemical Name | Composition | NFPA Health Hazard Rating | HMIS Health Hazard Rating | Flammability Hazard Rating | Reactivity | SARA Hazard Category | Notes | 1 | ||||||||||||||
3 | Petroleum Distillate Products | various petroleum distillate fractions including kerosene, petroleum naphtha, aliphatic hydrocarbon, petroleum base oil, heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha, mineral spirits, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | ODC® I5 Drilling Fluid Base Oil | [Raffinates (Petroleum)] [Sorption Process] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | G | OILPRO PBO-70 K™ | CAS# 8042-47-5 lubricating oils (petroleum), C20-C50,hydrotreated neutral oil-based | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ACUTE | Caution: This product can pose a fire or explosion hazard at elevated temperatures. Eyes: Mist or liquid may cause watering or irritation. Skin: Prolonged exposure may cause irritation or dermatitis. Inhalation: Caution: breathing mist or hot vapors is harmful and therefore must be avoided. Oral: May cause irritation, nausea, vomiting and or diarrhea. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition. | ||||||||||||||||||||
6 | X,G | OILPRO PBO-NF70™-friction reducer | YES | Mineral Oil | CAS# 8042-47-5 White Mineral Oil | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ACUTE | Caution: This product can pose a fire or explosion hazard at elevated temperatures. Eyes: Mist or liquid may cause watering or irritation. Skin: Prolonged exposure may cause irritation or dermatitis. Inhalation: Caution: breathing mist or hot vapors is harmful and therefore must be avoided. Oral: May cause irritation, nausea, vomiting and or diarrhea. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition. | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | Aromatic Hydrocarbons | benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene or BTEX; naphthalene and related derivatives, trimethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, cumene) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | BTEX compounds are associated with adverse effects on the nervous system, liver, kidneys and blood-cell-forming tissues. | G | FC-PRO Xylene Replacement | Terpene Hydrocarbons CAS# 68956-56-9, Linalool CAS# 78-70-6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE, FIRE | Eye: Causes moderate to severe irritation. Skin: May cause slight redness. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause drying of the skin. Inhalation: May cause nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritation, coughing, headache. Ingestion: Not likely to be toxic, but may cause vomiting, headache, or other medical problems. This product does not contain any carcinogens or potential carcinogens as listed by OSHA, IARC, ACGIH or NTP. Acute Effects: No information available. Chronic Effects: No information available. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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10 | Glycols | crosslinkers, breakers, clay and iron controllers, friction reducers and scale inhibitors. Propylene glycol, ethylene glycol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | High exposure levels of ethylene glycol adversely affect the kidneys and reproduction in laboratory animals. | G | Hexylene Glycol (Irritant) | Hexylene Glycol- | Hexylene Glycol CAS#: 107-41-5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE, FIRE | Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer), of ingestion. Potential Chronic Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, the nervous system, liver. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. | |||||||||||||||||||
12 | X,G | Propylene glycol | 1,2-propanediol | CAS#: 57-55-6 Glycol ether-(foaming agent,foaming agent, breaker fluid) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Potential Chronic Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause damage to the following organs: central nervous system (CNS). Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material (mutagenic). May cause adverse reproductive effects and birth defects (teratogenic) based on animal test data. | ||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Glycol Ethers | corrosion inhibitors, surfactants and friction reducers. Some glycol ethers (e.g., monomethoxyethanol, monoethoxyethanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Can affect the male reproductive system and red blood cell formation in laboratory animals at high exposure levels. | X | Butyl Cellosolve™ Solvent (foaming agent) | 2-Butoxyethanol | CAS# 111-76-2 [Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether] [water]( a butyl ether of ethylene glycol) | 2 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE | DANGER!! This material is ahemolytic agent and prolonged exposure will cause liver and kidney damage. Effects of over exposure: headache,nausea,dizziness,vomiting,tears,temporary clouding of the eyes,shortness of breathe and irratition of the eyes,nose and throat. Acute: prolonged exposure will make the effects of over exposure more severe. Chronic: none are listed by manufacturer however, it is stated that this material has not been fully investigated. Target organs: eyes,liver, kidneys, and upper respiratory tract. Conditions aggravated/target organs. Persons with pre-existing eye,skin,liver,kidney or respiratory conditions may be more susceptible. 2-Butoxyethanol usually decomposes in the presence of air within a few days and has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant. It is not known to bioaccumulate removed from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants in 1994 | |||||||||||||||||||
15 | X | Glycol Ether DM Industrial Grade-foaming agent-GLYCOL ETHERS | 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol | Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether - 100%-foaming agent | 1 | 1 | 2 | ACUTE CHRONIC | Combustible liquid. Eye irritant. Skin irritant. Respiratory tract irritant. CNS depressant. Reproductive Effects: Laboratory test indicate high doses may cause adverse reproductive effects in rats and mice. Reproductive Effects: Animal studies indicate the potential for reproductive effects in males. Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA. | ||||||||||||||||||||
16 | X | Glycol Ether DPM-foaming agent | 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol | CAS# 34590-94-8 Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether - 100%-foaming agent | 1 | 1 | 0 | EFFECTS ACUTE EXPOSSURE: SKIN CONTACT: little to no effect SKIN ABSORPTION: yes, no toxic effects unlikely by this route. EYE CONTACT: slightly irritating, will not damage eyes. INHALATION: vapor concentrations above 100ppm may irritate respiratory tract; low vapor pressure makes development of such a concentration unlikely in an industrial setting. INGESTION: may cause stomach discomfort; may cause diarrhoea; a massive dose (say, 100ml) would be required to produce any symptoms in a human of average weight. EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE: GENERAL: prolonged deliberate exposure may cause skin cracking and dermatitis. SENSITISING: not a sensitizer REPRODUCTIVE EFFECT: no known effect on humans or animals | |||||||||||||||||||||
17 | g | PROGLYDE* DMM glycol diether | Dipropylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether | http://www.dow.com/products/product_detail.page?display-mode=tds&product=1123855&application=1120797 | Low toxicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | G | Alpha 6332-(GLYCOL ETHERS) | Butoxyethanol (GLYCOL ETHERS) CAS# (MIXTURE) 111-76-2 | 1* | 1 | 1 | ACUTE CHRONIC | Warning: Harmful. Possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin. Butoxy ethanol may be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts if contact is repeated and prolonged and may cause blood damage. These effects have not been observed in humans. Harmful in contact with eyes. May be harmful if swallowed. May be harmful by inhalation. Vapors may be irritating to eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Avoid prolonged contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Prolonged exposure may cause chronic effects. CHRONIC EFFECTS: Blood, CNS, Eyes, kidney, liver, lungs (may cause delayed lung damage), Respiratory system, skin. Has only been tested on rats. | |||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Alcohols | corrosion inhibitors, foaming agents, iron and scale inhibitors and surfactants. (e.g., ethanol, methanol) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | G | Benzyl Alcohol | Benzyl Alcohol | useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, CAS# 100-51-6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE, CHRONIC | ACUTE Health Hazards: Inhalation: Inhalation of concentrated vapor may irritate the nose and throat. Overexposure to vapors causes headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Over-exposure can cause central nervous system depression. Eye: Causes eye irritation. Is a severe eye irritant. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. See LD50 data. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS: Prolonged contact may cause defatting of the skin. No other chronic health hazard information is available.Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. May cause damage to the following organs: liver, central nervous system (CNS). | |||||||||||||||||||
21 | G | DUP FL 5/PM 6264 3C 200 PF | [ethanol] [propyl acetate normal] [Isopropanol] | 1 | 3 | Warning! Flammable liquid and vapor. May affect the central nervous system causing dizziness headache, or nausea. May be harmful if inhaled. May cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation. Prolonged or repeated contact may dry skin, cause irritation and burns. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Eastman™ n-Butanol | n-Butanol | n-Butanol CAS Number: 71-36-3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ACUTE | Emergency Overview: Harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Potential Health Effects: Eyes: May cause irritation. Skin: May cause irritation to skin. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Inhalation: May cause irritation to respiratory tract.Chronic: Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP or OSHA. Conditions Aggravated by Overexposure: Eye disorders, Skin disorders, Respiratory disorders, Target Organs: Skin, Eyes, Kidneys, Liver, Respiratory system, Primary Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, eye or skin contact. | |||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Exposure to high levels of some alcohols (e.g., ethanol, methanol) affect the central nervous system. | X | ES-5 Proplok Surfactant | methanol CAS# 67-56-1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | NO SARA RATINGS ON MSDS. (ACUTE CHRONIC FIRE) | Toxicological Information: Inhalation: Causes severe respiratory irritation. May cause CNS depression including headache, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination, slowed reaction time, slurred speech, giddiness and unconsciousness. Skin: may cause severe skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin. Eye: May cause severe eye irritation. May cause eye burns. May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause eye, blood, lung, liver, kidney, heart, central nervous system and spleen damage. No toxicicity tests. Ecological: Not determined. Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic. | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | Ethylhexanol-(controversial as potential endocrine disruptors) | fatty alcohol, solvent | Ethylhexanol CAS# 104-76-7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE, FIRE | COMBUSTIBLE. Causes skin and eye irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. | |||||||||||||||||||||
25 | X | Methanol | YES | Methanol | Methanol CAS# 67-56-1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ACUTE, FIRE | Eye: May cause painful sensitization to light. Methanol is a mild to moderate eye irritant. Inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption of methanol can cause significant disturbance in vision, including blindness. Inhalation: Methanol is toxic and can very readily form extremely high vapor concentrations at room temperature. Inhalation is the most common route of occupational exposure. At first, methanol causes CNS depression with nausea, headache, vomiting, dizziness and incoordination. A time period with no obvious symptoms follows (typically 8-24 hrs). This latent period is followed by metabolic acidosis and severe visual effects which may include reduced reactivity and/or increased sensitivity to light, blurred, double and/or snowy vision, and blindness. Depending on the severity of exposure and the promptness of treatment, survivors may recover completely or may have permanent blindness, vision disturbances and/or nervous system effects. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Chronic exposure may cause effects similar to those of acute exposure. Methanol is only very slowly eliminated from the body. Because of this slow elimination, methanol should be regarded as a cumulative poison. Though a single exposure may cause no effect, daily exposures may result in the accumulation of a harmful amount. Methanol has produced fetotoxicity in rats and teratogenicity in mice exposed by inhalation to high concentrations that did not produce significant maternal toxicity. Methanol is considered to be a potential developmental hazard based on animal data. In animal experiments, methanol has caused fetotoxic or teratogenic effects without maternal toxicity. | |||||||||||||||||||
26 | Amides | friction reducers and scale inhibitors. typically latex polymers or copolymers of acrylamides.Formamide may be used in some corrosion inhibitors products. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | High levels of acrylamide damage the nervous system and reproductive system in laboratory animals and also cause cancer in laboratory animals. | X | Flopam DR 7000 | water-soluble anionic polymer ,anionic polyacrylamide copolymer? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | X | N,N-Dimethylacrylamide | X | suspected animal carcinogen, | http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/safety/SOP/SOP-Acrylamide.htm substances of very high concern http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylamide | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | FIRE, ACUTE, CHRONIC | |||||||||||||||||||
29 | Anionic polyacrylamide | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 2-Propenamide | Yes | poly(2-propenamide) or poly(1-carbamoylethylene) | Polyacrylamide is not toxic. Polyacrylamide (IUPAC poly(2-propenamide) or poly(1-carbamoylethylene)) is a polymer formed from acrylamide subunits acrylamide, is an industrial chemical and can also form from naturally-occurring components of certain foods when cooked at high temperatures. | Government of Canada has concluded that acrylamide is considered to be harmful to human health. acrylamide was identified as a potential concern to human health based on its classification by international organizations as a substance which was found to cause cancer in laboratory animals and which may cause genetic effects or other effects such as reproductive, developmental and neurological results, and based on a high potential for exposure to Canadians. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Amines | corrosion inhibitors, cross-linkers, friction reducers, iron and clay controllers and surfactants. mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine ,Nitrosamines | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Aradur 9™ 6-1 | 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline CAS: 80-08-0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Warning! Skin irritant. May cause allergic skin reaction. Harmful if swallowed. May cause liver , (?illegible), kidney effects and blood disorders. Primary route of entry: Inhalation. Experimental mutagen and neoplastigen. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Nitrosamines cause genetic damage and cancer when ingested by laboratory animals. | Corsamine® PT derivatives from naturally occurring fats and oils | Yes | [Tallow Alkyl Amines (Proprietary)] [Ditallow Amine (Proprietary)] | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ACUTE | Dangerous for the environment. Health Hazards: Skin: Causes severe burns, Eye: Causes severe burns, Inhalation: Causes severe burns, Ingestion: causes severe burns. Harmful if swallowed. Potential Environmental Effects: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause adverse long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Corrosive. | |||||||||||||||||||
34 | G | Eplkure™ Curing Agent EH-2 | [Epoxy Amine Adduct (Proprietary)] [Methanol CAS# 67-56-1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | CHRONIC | Contains material that can cause target organ damage. May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. Contains material which may cause developmental abnormalities based on animal data. Contains material which may impair female fertility based on animal data. Contains material which causes damage to the following organs: kidneys, lungs, liver, central nervous system. | |||||||||||||||||||||
35 | X | MONOETHANOLAMINE (MEA)-crosslinker | X | corrosive effects | MONOETHANOLAMINE (crosslinker) CAS# 141-43-5 Viscous colourless liquid with ammonia odour | 3 | 2 | 2 | ACUTE, FIRE | DANGER! CAUSES BURNS. COMBUSTIBLE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Potential health effects: Inhalation: Vapor may cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include sore throat, coughing, respiratory distress, headache, lethargy, and narcosis. Exposure to higher concentrations may cause pulmonary irritation, and kidney and liver damage. Ingestion: May cause mucosal burns of the mouth and esophagus, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. May cause systemic poisoning with symptoms paralleling inhalation. Skin Contact: May cause irritation, redness, burns, and pain. May be absorbed through the skin; symptoms may parallel inhalation. Eye Contact: Vapors and contact may cause severe irritation, burns, redness, pain, and blurred vision. Chronic Exposure: Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may cause severe irritation or dermatitis. Toxicological: Investigated as a mutagen and reproductive effector. | |||||||||||||||||||
36 | G | Tetraethylenepentamine-TEPA | ethyleneamines | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | Organic Acids, Salts and Related Chemicals | including acids, buffers, corrosion and scale inhibitors, riction reducers, iron and clay controllers, solvents and surfactants formic, acetic and citric acids | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | X | Acetic Acid Glacial -acid treatment, buffer | Acetic Acid Glacial | Acetic Acid Glacial CAS# 64-19-7 (main component of vinegar) | 3 | 2 | 1 | ACUTE, CHRONIC, FIRE | Conditions aggravated/target organs: Corrosive! Persons with pre-existing skin, eye and respiratory conditions will be more susceptible. Acute: Severe irritation or burns to skin, eyes, respiratory tract, GI tract. Chronic: Dermatitis, eye damage, lung damage. | ||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Exposure to elevated levels of sulfonates is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. | X | Amps® 2401 Mohomer (scale inhibitors, friction reducers) | methyl propanesulfonic acid | [2-Acryloylamino-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid CAS# 15214-89-8] [AcrylamidE CAS# 79-06-1] | 3 | 1 | 0 | ACUTE CARCINOGENIC | ACUTE EXPOSURE: Severe eye irritant. Risk of irreversible damage to eyes. Particulates may cause mechanical irritation. Not expected to be a primary skin irritant. No data available to indicate product or components may cause respiratory irritation under normal workplace conditions. CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Toxicity: Only a 28 day oral study tested on rats. Carcinogenicity: Has been shown to be carcinogenic in a variety of organs in rats. Environmental Fate: Shows limited biodegredation | |||||||||||||||||||
40 | G | DBE DIBASIC ESTERS | non-flammable, readily biodegradable | Dimethyl Gluturate (CAS# 1119-40-0) Dimethyl Adipate (CAS# 627-93-0) Dimethyl Succinate (CAS# 106-65-0) Methanol (CAS# 67-56-1)ester of a dicarboxylic acid. | 1 | 2 | 0 | ACUTE | HEALTH EFFECTS: Contact with skin may cause skin irritation with discomfort or rash. Eye contact may cause eye irritation with discomfort, tearing, or blurring of vision. Overexposure by inhalation or skin contact may cause irritation of the upper respiratory system. None of the components are listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA, or ACGIH as a carcinogen. | ||||||||||||||||||||
41 | G | Choline Chloride CAS#: 67-48-1 (Clay Stabilizer) | additive in feed | quaternary ammonium salt (CAS 000067-48-1) | 2 | 1 | 0 | ACUTE | Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. | ||||||||||||||||||||
42 | G | EWA-1 | [quaternary ammonium chloride] [methanol] [benzyl chloride] | ACUTE, CHRONIC, FIRE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | G | Glycolic Acid - 704 Technical Solution | Glycolic Acid | Glycolic Acid CAS# 79-14-1(skin-care products) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ACUTE | Causes skin burns. May cause: Corrosion with pain, ulceration or blisters, cracking or peeling of skin. Causes eye burns. May cause blindness. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Causes digestive tract burns. Carcinogenicity: None of the components present in this material at concentrations equal to or greater than 0.1% are listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA, as a carcinogen. | |||||||||||||||||||
44 | G | n-Butyl, Lactate 99% (GC)-combustible liquid | Yes | n-Butyl, Lactate 9 | Butyl ester of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid CAS# 138-22-7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | CHRONIC | Warning! Causes eye and skin irritation. Combustible liquid and vapor. Causes digestive and respiratory tract irritation. Target Organs: None. Potential Health Effects: Eye: Causes eye irritation. Skin: Causes skin irritation. Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinal tract irritation. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract irritation. Chronic: No information found. The toxological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. COMBUSTIBLE | |||||||||||||||||||
45 | G | Nitric Acid, Between 65% and 70% | Nitric Acid | Nitric Acid CAS# 7697-37-2 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ACUTE, CHRONIC | Nitric Acid is extremely hazardous: it is corrosive, reactive, an oxidizer and a poison. Inhalation: Corrosive: Inhalation of vapors can cause breathing difficulties and lead to pneumonia and pulmonary edema, which may be fatal. Other symptoms may include coughing, choking and irritation to the nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Ingestion: Corrosive: Swallowing nitric acid can cause immediate pains and burns of the mouth, throat, esphagus, and gastrointestinal tract. Skin: corrosive: can cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Concentrated solutions can cause deep ulcers and stain skin yellow or brown. Eye: corrosive: may cause damage to the eyes. Contact may cause severe burns and permanent eye damage. CHRONIC: long-term exposure may cause erosion of teeth and lung damage. | |||||||||||||||||||
46 | X,G | Potassium Chloride (brine carrier fluid) | metal halide salt | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ACUTE | Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to blood, cardiovascular system. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause damage to the following organs: blood, cardiovascular system. | ||||||||||||||||||||
47 | X,G | Sodium Hydroxide Solution 4%-50%(gelling agent) | lye and caustic soda | known as lye and caustic soda, | 3 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | G | Sulfuric Acid 93 Percent | X | Sulfuric Acid | Sulfuric Acid CAS# 7664-93-9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | ACUTE, REACTIVE, POSSIBLE CARCINOGIN | DANGER! CAUSES SEVERE BURNS. REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATER. CONTENTS MAY BE UNDER PRESSURE OF EXPLOSIVE, FLAMMABLE HYDROGEN GAS. HIGHLY REACTIVE AND CAPABLE OF IGNITING COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL ON CONTACT. Potential health effects: Acute eye: Corrosive. Causes burns, tissue destruction, Can cause blindness. Acute Skin: Corrosive. Causes redness, inflammation, burns. Acute Inhalation: Harmful if inhaled. Causes upper respiratory tract irritation, lung irritation, chest pain, wheezing, shortness of breath, a burning sensation, tickling of the nose and throat, sneezing, Repeated exposure to high levels of sulfuric acid mist may cause etching of tooth enamel in persons who breathe through their mouths. Acute Ingestion: Harmful if ingested. Can cause irritation, abdominal pain, corrosion, burns to mouth and esophagus, death. Chronic Effects: When mists are released from this product they are considered to be probable or suspected human carcinogens. | ||||||||||||||||||
49 | X, G | Tetramethylammonium Chloride, 50% (Aqueous Sol'n) ( Clay Stabilizer) | quaternary ammonium salt (CAS 000075-57-0) | 3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | G | VERSENE™ Acid Chelating Agent | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid http://www.dow.com/versene/products/edta.htm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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52 | Microbiocides | hazardous constituents, including polycyclic organic matter (POM) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Toxicity information is limited for several of the microbiocide chemicals. However, for some, high exposure has caused effects in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, the kidneys, the liver and the nervous system in laboratory animals. | X | Kathon™LX Microbiocide-Corrosive liquids, toxic,biocide | [5-cloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one CAS # 26172-55-4] [2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one CAS# 2642--20-4] [magnesium nitrate CAS#10377-60-3] [magnesium chloride CAS# 7788-3030-3] [water]-biocide | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ACUTE | Corrosion to eyes. May cause permanent eye injury. Corrosion to skin; burns. May be harmful if swallowed. Irritation of nose, throat, lungs. They may contain hazardous constituents, including polycyclic organic matter (POM) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (U.S. Department of the Interior, CO State BLM, 1998). | |||||||||||||||||||
54 | X | Omacide® IPBC 40 Industrial Fungicide | carb.acid | Fungicide | [Carbamic Acid, Butyl-,3-10000-2-Propynyl Ester CAS# 55406-53-6] [Solvent Naphtha, Petroleum, Light Arom.CAS# 95-654742-] [Dimethyl Sulfoxide CAS# 67-68-5] [Dipropylene Glycol CAS# 110-98-5] | 3 | 3 | 2 | ACUTE, CHRONIC IN LAB ANIMALS | Poison OSHA Hazard Classification: Eye, skin and respiratory irritant, possible skin sensitizer, combustible liquid. Moderately toxic by inhalation. High concentrations are irritating to eyes, nose, throat, lungs. Exposure to highly exaggerated concentrations via inhalation of this product may result in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Symptoms include: blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, salivation and profuse sweating, labored breathing, tremors, muscle twitching, staggered gait and headache may also occur. Reproductive and developmental toxicity: No data for product. However, the following data is available for 100% carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester (IPBC) powder: Reproductive and/or developmental toxicity was observed in laboratory animals only at high doses that were maternally toxic. Highly/very toxic to to fish and other aquatic organisms. | |||||||||||||||||||
55 | X | Diald 50-biocide | Glutaraldehyde-biocide | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | X | Fungitrol® 720 Fungicide | CAS REGISTRY # 55406-53-6; 25322-68-3 Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester ; Poly(oxy-,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-2-propynyl ester | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ACUTE | Harmful if inhaled. Causes moderate eye irritation. Causes moderate skin irritation. Chronic Health Hazards: Unknown. Biodegradability: Not determined. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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60 | <<Carcinogens>> Between 2005 and 2009, the hydraulic fracturing companies used 95 products containing 13 different carcinogens These included naphthalene (a possible human carcinogen), benzene (a known human carcinogen), and acrylamide (a probable human carcinogen). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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62 | <<Hazardous Air Pollutants>> The Clean Air Act requires EPA to control the emission of 187 hazardous air pollutants, which are pollutants that cause or may cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or adverse environmental and ecological effects. Between 2005 and 2009, the hydraulic fracturing companies used 595 products containing 24 different hazardous air pollutants. |