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TimestampWhich homework assignment is this?Write a five-to-ten sentence summary of what you have read.Choose one possible identification and define it in your own words.Identify one thing in the reading that surprised you.What questions did the reading prompt, if any?Username
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1/28/2014 14:42:511 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The Middles Ages was a time after the Roman Empire fell and there was no longer a common language and the number of literate people decreased rapidly.The Frankish leader Clovis is responsible for converting them into Christians, and by 511 he had unified all Franks. By 600, many Germanic people had converted to Christianity. The church built monasteries for monks and convents for nuns. The Carolingian Dynasty, which lasted from 751 to 987, was started by Pepin the Short. After his death in 768 and his first son's death, Carloman, in 771, Charlemagne took power and created an empire larger than the Byzantine. In 800, he was crowned emperor by Pope Leo II after crushing a mob. He created a palace school, monitored every kingdom in his empire with royal agents, and encouraged learning. Since he watched his empire closely, he was able to make sure huge estates were managing well, which is the reason the Carolingian Dynasty created so much wealth and power.Secular literally means worldly. When Gregory I (also Gregory the Great) created secular power under the papacy, he was making the pope the center of government. The idea of the pope influencing government was a new belief and would be the central idea of government during the Middles Ages.I knew that French, German, Italian, etc. were called romance languages, but I did not know it was because they all started with the original Latin spoken in the Roman Empire and changed over time.
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1/28/2014 14:54:021 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"In the 5th Century the Germans took over half of the Roman Empire. This German invasion caused many problems including disruption of trade, downfall of cities, and population shifts. As Germans began to settle in Rome they adopted Christianity. In the mist of all this chaos, a man known as Charlemagne formed an army for himself. Charlemagne became the official ruler of the Germans and began to conquer more land and spread Christianity. Charlemagne was an official known as the major domo (mayor of the palace). He was appointed to control the royal houses and estates, but under the radar he led the armies and created rules. Through both his official and unofficial jobs he became the ruler of the kingdom of Europe. Charlemagne built one of the greatest empires of the era. He conquered lands both South and East and spread Christianity. Even with all this going on, Charlemagne managed to keep a close watch on his whole kingdom, and he worked tirelessly to better the lives of his citizens.It was surprising how easily the majority seemed to accept Charlemagne's rule.
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1/28/2014 15:06:271 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The reading was about the Middle Ages, and the societies that emerged from it. It began with the invasion of Western Europe which then led to distribution of trade, the downfall of cities, and population shifts. Eventually, Germanic Kingdoms emerged from Roman Provinces.The empire evolves, and this led to Charlemagne and his success. Franks:
The Franks were Germanic people that contained the power. They had a leader named Clovis who brought Christianity into the region These Franks also some of the strongest European kingdoms. 		How successful Charlemange was during his rule! He was very helpful when it came to spreading Christianity and improving the empire as a whole!
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1/28/2014 15:07:321 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The roman empire was invaded by Germanic people and it caused lots of changes in the empire, mainly negative. Over time Germainic kingdoms started replacing Roman kingdoms.The franks won a war , and really took over a lot of Europe. The germans started adopting Christianity and Monasteries became prominent. After Rome fell lots of different kingdoms appeared not just germanic. The franks at one point led the strongest European kingdom.Charlemagne or Charles the great ruled the Franks and expanded their rule.
Middle Ages : A one thousand year period also known as the medieval period, after the fall of the roman empire , that took place in Europe.
I didnt know that when people said Medieval they meant Europe.
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1/28/2014 16:05:312 - "Feudalism in Europe"Rollo, the head of the viking army, established a feudal system in Europe. The feudal system did not only structure the government but the social system as well. The only people who did not benefit from a feudalistic government were the lowest class, who had to pay high taxes to the nobles. The social class in feudalism was much like a pyramid, with a king at the peak.The viking empire was very centered around Christianity. Feudalism is a type of government which is based on rights and obligations. In this system, nobles are given land in exchange for military service. I didn't realize that vikings were so civilized.
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1/28/2014 17:13:261 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"Rome declined due to invaders, the movement of people to rural areas, and the decline of knowledge of their culture and being able to read. Also, the Germanic tribes who invaded had very different ways of life and views on who they should respect. The Franks switched to Christianity, and had a partnership with the church. Charlemagne continued to spread Christianity with his many conquests. a secular is a power that is also in politics. It came about in 590 under Gregory the first or Gregory the great, who was pope. The papacy, pope's office, is an example of a secular. I knew that the church had a lot of power, but I didn't realize how much power they had over the person ruling.
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1/28/2014 17:36:121 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The Germanic people started out their civilization with an invasion of the Western half of the Roman empire. However, unlike most invaders, they were not cruel and ruthless. They had an arguably positive affect on Roman history, in terms of the religious advances, and successful kingdoms.Charlemagne- Charlemagne was the son of Pepin the Short. He took rule after his brother died. During his rule, he conquered civilizations, and spread Christianity. He was loyal to those below him. He encourage learning, and built schools for upcoming generations.The churches and religious rulers back then had so much power.
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1/28/2014 17:45:411 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The middle ages began when the power of Rome declined. In this time period, roman culture continued to affect Germanic tribes, who had taken over most of the western territory where Rome had been. These tribes' loyalty was given to local rulers, unlike the Romans, whose loyalty was in a dictator. The Germanic people's inability to be loyal to a dictator inhibited a large empire from forming. However, the Franks were a large power in Europe, and they brought Christianity to the region. The Pope became a secular power during this time and had a great influence on the politics in the Middle Ages. Also, Charlemagne reunited western Europe. He maintained power by limiting the nobles power and checking on them constantly. Charlemagne, too, brought Christianity to Western Europe. With Christianity came the rise of monasteries, places where people whose lives were devoted to serve God lived. Monasteries educated the monks who lived inside them; thus, giving more people the ability to read. Monasteries house monks, who have devoted their lives to God and have given up all their personal possessions. The Church created monasteries in order to spread religion to rural areas.Because few were literate, having more people in religion created a more literate population, as monks had to be able to read the Bible. I didn't know how crucial for Christianity the Battle of Tours was. Also, so many major powers had to be Christian to effect the population as much as they did!
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1/28/2014 18:12:312 - "Feudalism in Europe"Western Europe was invaded by it's neighbors, and among those were the vikings, who were fierce warriors that traveled by boat. Eventually, the Vikings slowly accepted Christianity, so they stopped raiding monasteries. The Magyars started to attack after the Vikings subsided, and they were skilled horsemen, and the Muslims came from the south. In 911 the head of the Viking army and the king of France decided that the king of France would give the Viking army some land in exchange for loyalty, and this is how feudalism emerged. Feudalism is when government officials give land to people in exchange for loyalty and service. Knights were the class that fought for the lord. They offered protection of the land in exchange for fiefs. They made up the class above peasants and below church officials and nobles. It surprised me that the peasants didn't rebel much.
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1/28/2014 18:25:192 - "Feudalism in Europe"There were many invasions during the Middle ages. Some of the groups who invaded were the Muslims and the Vikings. The Muslims were skillful at sea, making them quite a threat. The vikings had amazingly engineered ships and a war-based society. They were both lethal and quick when they raided. In order to combat all of these raids, many leaders granted the raiders a piece of land in exchange for their loyalty and peace. This feudal system was much like the feudal system in China, used to remove the Chinese from the Warring States Period. Manors, like monasteries, provided a stable community for many. However, for the working class of the Manors (the peasants and the serfs), life was very hard. They were taxed on marriage and grain, and they had to pay a tax, called a tithe, to the church.The Knights were the warriors that protected the King. Just under the Vassals in the social pyramid, Knights did their work in exchange for a fief.Knights are granted land! I thought they just worked for money.I am confused about what a serf is and the circumstances that would lead to someone becoming a serf.
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1/29/2014 15:34:231 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The reading describes the Middle Ages, or medieval times, which occurred after the gradual decline of the Roman Empire. After the Roman Empire split into east and west sides, Germanic invaders raided the western side disrupting trade, shifting populations, and causing people to abandon the cities they had once called home. Learning declined and different languages emerged from Latin. The Franks were the ruling Germanic tribe (who later became the French). They adopted Christianity and went through many great rulers before a man named Charlemagne came to rule the now growing empire. During his rule, he expanded the empire and strengthened the education that was available in the empire.Charlemagne was the Frankish king who came to power in 771 after his father, Pepin the Short died. He during his time as ruler, he expanded the already large Frankish Empire greatly. He also encouraged learning. After the Roman Empire fell, many people forgot about languages like Greek and stopped learning for the sake of learning. He limited the power of noble families as well, giving him more power in the kingdom.I knew that the Franks became the French, but I didn't know that they were a Germanic tribe.
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1/29/2014 15:57:511 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"During the Middle ages, many societies emerged and many invasions took place. The Muslims, who were seamen, and the Vikings, who were focused on war and ships, both invaded. These Germanic invasions caused great distress in the west. Germans took over much of the Roman Empire, and Charlemagne created an army which eventually lead to the spread of Christianity and made him become ruler of the Germans. He was also the ruler of the Kingdom of Europe. Secular means having no religious or spiritual basis: Secular power was created by Gregory the Great. The idea of the pope becoming involved in government was a secular belief.I thought it was surprising how quickly and efficiently Charlemagne took over.
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1/29/2014 17:07:261 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The western half of the Roman empire was invaded by Germany which led to the disruption of trade, downfall of cities & ability to learn, population shifts, and the loss of a common language. The land split into small Germanic provinces in which the Church provided order and security. The concept of government changed to loyalty to family and a local chief, warriors would not obey a king who they did not know. This made it impossible to establish an orderly government, until Clovis converted the Franks to Christianity after praying to God and winning a battle. Christianity helped to unify the Franks and later spread to Germany. The Roman Empire sprung up into many small kingdoms in which Franks ruled most of the land. Charles Martel, mayor of the palace, had many accomplishments that made him a Christian hero. Charlemagne built a great empire and was crowned emperor. He strengthened his power by limiting the authority of nobles. After his death, he appointed his son, Louis the Pious, as emperor. He was very ineffective and left it to his 3 sons who fought for the title and eventually feudalism evolved. Franks- The Franks lived in the Roman province of Gaul. Their leader, Clovis, led them in a fight against another Germanic army, and while fighting he prayed to God under influence from his Christian wife. After they won this battle, Clovis converted the Franks to Christianity which united them into one kingdom. I was surprised at the similarity of the stories of Constantine and Clovis. They both changed their religious beliefs after winning a battle during which they prayed to God. Both of their conversions prompted the advance and spread of the religion.
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1/29/2014 17:08:251 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"Germans invaded the Western half of the Roman Empire, creating many problems. Some of these problems are disruption of trade, downfall of cities, and population shifts. This invasion also made the Roman Empire lose a common language, which can lead to major chaos. The German kingdoms merged into Rome, changing the government. Charlemagne was a emperor who ruled this empire and made it great. He expanded the empire and spread Christianity. He had become an extremely powerful leader with a extremely strong empire. In fact, it was the strongest empire known since Ancient Rome.Secular. This means that it has nothing to do with religion. It surprised me that so much could change after the Germans invaded.I am confused at exactly what empire this is considered after the Germans invade and Charlemagne rules?
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1/29/2014 20:06:451 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"When the Germanics invaded the Roman Empire, everything started going downhill. The trade and the government greatly decreased. The invaders didn't even know how to read or write, so the language and culture greatly decreased. But luckily, Clovis, ruler of the Franks, brought Christianity to the Germanics, and it greatly increased the country. The religion expanded and brought about scholars and a new age of rulers. Eventually, the power passed from the pope to Pepin the Short and then he passed it down to his son Charlemagne. Charlemagne became one of the great rulers who conquered land in almost all directions. But unfortunately, his sons did not carry on his rule. MONASTERIES
Monasteries were religious communities were Christian men called monks gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to God. These men were very scholarly, and they were some of the most knowledgeable people in the community at the time. They maintained libraries, opened schools, and copied books. These monks allowed for the community to grow and they allowed for community to get back on their feet.
I was really surprised by the fact that the Germanics stopped the growth of the empire. Normally, when someone invades an empire, they enrich it or take complete control. It seemed like the Germanics just entered and settled. I was surprised that they kind of did nothing
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1/29/2014 20:34:121 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"Germanic invasions in the western Roman empire caused disruption of trade, the downfall in cities, and a shift in population. Because the Germanic people were not educated this caused the romans to cease to be educated and lose their common language. Throughout these hard ships the church provided security and order. The Frank leader Clovis brings Christianity to Gaul. After the death of Pepin, Charlemagne comes into rule and strengthens his empire by expansion. Monasteries

- built by the church
- used as religious communities
- Monks lived there and gave up all of their posessions		I didn't know that this was the point in time when monasteries were created
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1/29/2014 22:03:191 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"Once the fall of Rome happened, there was a Church that still stood, and then the government changed into a more public government, where it unified the Roman society. There was no common language in the Roman Empire. Later on the Germans adapt Christianity and make it a key role to spread Christianity. After the Roman Empire crashes many kingdoms open up all over Europe. Charles Martel becomes the mayor of the palace in 719 and held more power than the king. A monastery is a community assembled by the church. When Charlemagne became emperor it strengthened the Frankish kingdom.
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1/29/2014 22:12:321 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"The middle Ages, or Medieval Age, resulted as a product of the fall of the Roman Empire. Over time, Germans took over what was left of Rome and made it their own. The Germanic people formed new dialects and governments, but they adopted Christianity. The Franks, who ruled over Gaul (present day France), became leading forces in the power of Germans. The Francs possessed many important rulers, one being Charlemagne. Charlemagne developed the Germanic people and their empire hugely. After Charlemagne died, his son did a poor job of ruling. His grandchildren divided the Germanic empire into 3 parts. This developed feudalism.
CHARLEMAGNE was the key reason that the Germanic rule was able to flourish. He was the son of Pepin the Short. Charlemagne led his armies against his enemies, and he conquered new lands where he spread Christianity. He was crowned emperor, and Charlemagne developed the most advanced and large society ever seen since the Roman Empire. He visited around his lands often, and he was a very effective and influential ruler.I was surprised that Charlemagne was such a people person- since he was such a strong ruler, I didn't think that he would care much about monasteries and schools, but he did!
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1/29/2014 22:33:561 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms"After the fall of the Roman Empire, Western Europe was taken over by Germanic invaders. During this time period, not many people were literate, and there wasn't a commonly used language. Latin branched off into multiple other languages and priests/bishops were nearly the only people who knew how to read and write. The Germanic way of life was adopted into Europe and people lived in small communities, abandoning their urban cities for a more rural setting. There was a major stress on family loyalty and a soldier's loyalty to his cheif. Christianity also spread during this time and the priests held lots of power.Middle Ages-I think of this time period as the middle between two times of advancement and innovation. Before the fall of the Roman Empire, places like Greece, Persia, and Rome were advancing in medicine, math, art, literature, and architecture. Afterwards, people were plunged into a period of illiteracy and poverty. But then we are brought to the Renaissance, where we begin to advance again. During the Middle Ages, people were not trying to learn more, time seemed to stand still. This is also the time period of the Bubonic Plague (which killed a third of Europe's population)I didn't realize that French, Spanish, and German evolved during this time period. I thought it had happened much earlier.
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1/30/2014 7:25:021 - "Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms" The Middle Ages was formed after the slow decline of the Roman empire. The Middle Ages was from the years 500 to 1500. The Germanic invaders took over the western part of the failed Roman Empire. This take over resulted in multiple issues, including the decline of learning and loss of the common language: Latin. However, over time Roman provinces were over taken and replaced by the small Germanic kingdoms, causing a change in government. The Germans also played a large role in the spread of Christianity. Soon later, the Carolingian Dynasty is formed because of Pepin the short. After he dies, Charlemagne becomes emperor. The Middle Age was created after the Roman empire went into a decline of power. Also, the Middle Ages, known as the medieval period took place in modern day Europe. ,I did not know how the Middle Ages came to be and it was interesting to know. I had heard of Charlemagne before, but i did not know who he was.
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1/30/2014 16:39:522 - "Feudalism in Europe"The beginning of feudalism in Europe was caused by invasions of the Carolingian Empire. The Vikings invaded from the North and the Magyars and Muslims from the East and south. These invasions caused much disorder and suffering and led to the local people no longer looking to a king for security, but they looked to local rulers. This happened because the Kings could not provide enough security in all of the danger. This resulted in a system called feudalism where land was traded for military protection. The feudal system also resulted in very distinct social classes that defined a person's power. The manor system also evolved in which surfs, or peasants, were provided housing on a lord's estate, farmland, and protection from bandits in exchange for tending for the lord's land and animals. However, Manor life was very harsh. Serfs had to pay many taxes to the lord and to the church and living conditions were not great. feudalism- the system of trading military protection for land. A landowner or lord would grant the land, or fief, to a vassal, or the one receiving the land. I did not know that feudalism originally started in Europe, I always thought that it originated in the Zhou Dynasty. While it did exist in the Zhou dynasty, it emerged in Europe.
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1/30/2014 16:53:522 - "Feudalism in Europe"After attacks from the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims, the people of Europe looked to local leaders with armies to protect them. Feudalism developed as a lord granted land, known as a fief, to a vassal. The feudal system was inherited by each generation and was as follows: king at top, then vassals, then knights, then landless peasants, also known as serfs. Working on the land involved many taxes such as grain tax, wedding tax, and a tithe. The average life expectancy during this time was 35, but many of people did not survive childhood. Serfs were people who could not leave the place they were born legally, but were not slaves. They could not be sold or traded. The products they produced did belong to their lord, though. They were provided housing on a manor, and were given protection and farmland. A serf's job included caring for animals and tending to the land.Obviously I knew being a serf was terrible at the time, but I have not studied this since sixth grade and we did not learn that much about what life was like. I did not realize they were taken advantage of this much and had so few rights.
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1/30/2014 18:12:032 - "Feudalism in Europe"Feudalism is a political system where nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land. Feudalism was used in Europe as a political and economical system. Many invaders attacked western Europe such as the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims. Attacks such as these lead to Feudalism, which began to structure society. The "manor system" was the economic side of feudalism, and dealt with obligations between lords and serfs. VIKINGS: Invading from the North, the Vikings came from Scandinavia. These Germanic people worshiped warlike gods and used speed as a main advantage for their raids. They focused on warships and trading. When Vikings started to accept Christianity, they stopped raiding monasteries. As Scandanavia became warmer and easier to live in, less people became Vikings. Peasants paid a huge price for living on the lord's land paying taxes for everything, including marriage (and still had to pay a tithe to the priest). It surprised me that these peasants didn't realize sooner that they were being ripped off.
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1/30/2014 18:20:492 - "Feudalism in Europe"The Carolingian Empire was invaded a lot. One of the main groups were the Germanic group the vicious Vikings.They started to accept Christianity and raid monasteries. The Magyars who were skilled horseman who took captives to sell as slaves. Feudalism was used and social classes were well defined. The feudalism was different than Japanese feudalism and some peasants would travel to get their own "Manor" Tithe : People of the lowest class at that time ( the peasants) were required to pay a "Tithe" to the church . Typically 1/10 of their income. This was included in the many payments resident's of the King's Manor must pay.I did not know that the Vikings were from that part of Europe.
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1/30/2014 18:35:212 - "Feudalism in Europe"After Charlemagne's rule, the kingdom was split up, and it was under constant attack from invaders. The vikings came by sea in extremely well crafted boats. They struck quickly and with terror. The Magyars attacked by land because of their superior horsemen, and the Muslims stuck by land and sea. Because the kings could not protect from these invasions, the people turned to local rulers and the feudalism began. Like in Japan, there was a king, then church officials and lords, then knights, and then serfs(peasants). The lords had estates that the serfs lived on and worked on for almost there entire lives. The serfs were not treated right and they were almost like slaves. But the serfs and all others accepted their roles because of what God had to say about them. TITHE
The tithe was the tax that the peasant families had to pay to the church. It was 1/10 of their already small income and it went to the priest. The tithe was just another tax on top of their many payments to the lord that they worked under, but because of the strong Christian influence throughout Europe, the peasants payed the tax and did not rebel. 		I was surprised by the fact that the Muslims were attacking so fiercely.
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1/30/2014 18:39:292 - "Feudalism in Europe"After the Carolingian Renaissance, invasions racked the Frankish Empire. These invaders were Muslims, Huns, and Vikings. These people came from all sides of the empire. The Vikings in particular invaded much of France. One king, Charles the Simple, granted a large amount of land to a Viking leader in exchange for peace and loyalty. Thus began the European feudal system. Based on rights and duty, lords owned land and gave pieces (fiefs) to people (vassals). These vassals lived and worked the land, and game some of their profit to the lord who owned their land. Unfortunately, this led to very specific and rigid social classes. The peasants who lived on the land had to pay taxes on grain and to the priest in the church. Serfs were the majority of peasants in the Feudal era. These people were not slaves, but were not legally allowed to leave the land that they were born onto. Though not slaves, the labor that they produced belonged to the lord who owned the land. They lived in cottages that were very close together. Each cottage had 2 rooms. One was used for kitchen and family activities, and the other was the bedroom for all that lived in the house. Serfs had to sleep on straw that was usually crawling with insects huddled together to keep warm. I did not know that Vikings invaded Europe.
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1/30/2014 19:33:232 - "Feudalism in Europe"Vikings are skilled warriors, and invaders. Their durable and stealthy ships allowed them to invade territories before the victims got a chance to defend themselves. They accepted Christianity. Feudalism began in 911, and was a successful way of government. It was when a higher power, such as a king would grant a lower power, a noble, land. In return however, the noble had to grant the lord loyalty.tithe- a tithe is an offer made to the church. It is normally currency, that helps the church invest in things that will make the church better. God asks that a person give at least 10 percent of what they make for a living to the church.Serfs could not leave their homeland.How in the world did 20 ton ships sail on 3 feet?
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1/30/2014 21:38:032 - "Feudalism in Europe"After being invaded by many groups, Europe turned into a feudal state, breaking up into smaller groups. People were scared of being attacked by foreign people, so (instead of turning to a single major power) they turned to smaller powers, the lords, who had armies to protect them. During this age of European feudalism, the social structure was simplified and divided. Most people in Europe were peasants and lived hard lives, working the land for a noble. Nobles and soldiers were in the same social class, and the last class held priests, monks, and nuns. This was a completely different way of life in Europe.Vikings: This was a group that originated from Scandanavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway). They traveled and spent most of their time on water. They began invading Europe in the mid 800s by seizing Sicily and going up into Italy. They spent most of their time invading Italy and Germany. They had huge ships and lots of weapons, capturing cities quickly and violently. I didn't realize that peasants had so much tax to pay. I think its unfair that they had to have a Lord's consent to get married.
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1/30/2014 21:49:292 - "Feudalism in Europe"I read about vikings, and their travels and attacks around Western Europe and how their ships weighs 20 tons when fully loaded. After the Vikings stopped raiding monasteries and other religious buildings, they accepted Christianity. Later the Magyars and Muslims attack from the east and south. Then Feudalism adapted in many different parts of Europe. Vikings are scandanavian pirates who worshipped warlike Gods.The fact that both men and women worked in society.
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1/30/2014 21:50:173 - "The Age of Chivalry" & "The Power of the Church"Europe got knights and improved their army. Becoming a knight took lots of training. Battles were bloody and fierce. Literature glorified the life of a knight. Troubadours went from castle to castle singing songs and poems. Women didn't have much power, and they were seen as inferior to men. The Church got more power. They made their own laws and even had a court in case canon law wasn't followed by someone. They used excommunication and interdict as a threat to get power. Otto followed in Charlemagne's footsteps and befriended the church, and the pope eventually crowed him emperor. Then Henry IV got excommunicated from the church and had to be out in the snow for three days before the pope relented and let him come back. Frederick I and his army battled the church and their army and lost, losing respect and power as well as the war. Noblewomen - In the feudal system, noblewomen could inherit an estate from her husband. If her lord told her to, she could also send the knights off. If her husband was away, she could serve as military leader. Noblewomen would help defend the castle when the were under attack by throwing rocks down at the attackers or shooting arrows. They were generally confined to activities in the home. It surprised me how threatening the church was.
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1/30/2014 21:56:202 - "Feudalism in Europe"Invaders attacked western Europe. During this, they destroyed the Carolingian Empire. Viking invasions were also very common in Europe. Feudalism struck the society at the time that the invaders attacks were the worse: around 850 to 950. This feudal system was based on rights- a landowner granted military members land in exchange for service. They also had a manor system, which was a system based on economic arrangement. This system set rights between a lord and his serfs, or the people they lend land to. Lorde:a landowner that granted land to people in exchange for military service. a part of feudalism. I did not know that there were laws constricting what could and could not happen in feudalism. What is the relationships with invasions and feudalism? Is it the need for military service?
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1/31/2014 11:07:362 - "Feudalism in Europe" Invaders (Vikings) from western Scandinavia. The Viking also known as, Northmen, were Germanic as well. After the multiple raids from the Viking and its decline, new groups such as Magyars and Muslims were next to attack the Europeans. These attacks caused the Europeans to live in fear and the chance of danger as well. However, viking king Rollo and Charles simple made a treaty: Charles gives the viking land in exchange for some power. This was the beginning of feudalism in Europe. Finally there was Manor life. Manor is known as the lord's estate. Peasants had to pay high taxes and amounts of money to live on the land of the king. Tithe is a church tax. I saw and finally realized that receiving power always comes with an exchange. You never just get power, it always comes with a price or some type of deal.
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1/31/2014 11:28:492 - "Feudalism in Europe"The reading began with information about the invasion of Western Europe. This invasion was done by the Vikings. Also a new social order was created. That social order was Feudalism. The system was based on rights and obligations. The Manor was the lords estate, and it was rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs.Lord-
The lord was a person who would grant land to people who served in the military and other services. 		It surprised me how the feudal system worked.
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1/31/2014 11:30:532 - "Feudalism in Europe"After the rule of Charlemagne, Muslim invaders were able to destroy the Carolingian rule. Vikings also invaded what was left of the Franks. Europe as a whole was now seen as an easy and defenseless target, and many groups came to attack various parts of Europe. A group called the Magyars invaded from the east and the Muslims attacked from the south. Feudalism, a form of government, resulted from these invasions. Feudalism contains a really strict social pyramid. Feudalism in a nut shell is that the kings would donate land to feudal lords in repay for feudal lords serving in the army. A manor was the land that a feudal lord controlled. Within the manor process, the servants worked for the lords and the lords repaid the servants with shelter. A manor was largely self sufficient. Crops were grown on the manor, but high taxes were in place for living on the manor. Serfs, or peasants, lived on the manor in crowded cottages. It was surprising to me that people, especially peasants, accepted their role in society because they believed that God put them there.
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1/31/2014 12:17:352 - "Feudalism in Europe"This section talks about how the invaders came and attacked the Carolingian Empire. The Vikings are introduced. The Vikings were traders, farmers and explorers. The Vikings invasions became less often and soon Muslims and Magyars started taking over. The Manor was introduced which was the lords estate. The manor lifestyle was very harsh because taxes were very strict. Serfs: people who could not immigrate to another country because it was illegalJapanese and European feudalism was very similar!
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1/31/2014 13:32:082 - "Feudalism in Europe"Invasions destroy the Carolingian Empire. Vikings invade Scandinavia. Magyars and Muslims invade Europe. Feudalism is introduced to Europe by King Charles. Men and women performed brutal manual labor. knights
- horsemen
- pledged to defend their lord
- were paid in fiefs 		i didnt realize how similar european and japanese feudalism are.
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1/31/2014 13:42:103 - "The Age of Chivalry" & "The Power of the Church"Nobles fought a lot with each other, this led to technology to change used during wars. Special Saddles with stirrups were created. The kings rewarded the Knights with land and the Knights ( usually sons of Nobles) followed the code of Chivalry. Castles and weapons became better equipped with weaponry. Troubadours were common and literature and poetry prospered. Most women were kept at home like places in America and others. But noblewoman could inherit their husbands land , vs. peasant women who usually worked in the home or in the fields. As Fuedalism was in play,so was the rise of churches and groups known as Clergys. Sacraments and the canon law were used. Otto, a German-Italian emperor created was what later called the Holy Roman Empire .The emperor and the Pope fought about their ideas of how the empire should be governed. Fredrick the 1st was a german emperor Who ruled over the Holy Roman Empire. Peasant Women - Peasant women endured work either in the fields or in the home. As children, Peasant girls learned all the skills needed to keep a household. They were not tutored like most children in the noble class. The ability for Noblewomen to inherit land.
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