ABCDE
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WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY
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DateSource IDTypeMLASummary
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9/61ENCY (encyclopedia) "Cheerleading." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 09 June 2012. Web. 06 Sept. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheerleading>.Briefly talks about how All - Star was formed and gives general info on specifics like team size, how choreography and music works, deductions, big cheer companies, and Worlds.
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9/62ARTL (article)Drehs, Wayne. "ESPN.com: Page 2 : Athletes Are Cheerleaders, Too." ESPN.com: Page 2 : Athletes Are Cheerleaders, Too. ESPN, 15 Mar. 2004. Web. 06 Sept. 2012. <http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=drehs/040316>.Talks about whether cheer is a sport or not. Mentions how there are different types of cheer and how they're all portrayed differently. Can they be considered the same sport and such.
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9/63ARTL (article)"History of Cheerleading." History of Cheerleading. Varsity, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2012. <http://www.varsity.com/event/1261/being-a-cheerleader-history>.Explains how cheer started. Talks about how it has evolved/grown over the last century or so. Briefly talks about All - Star cheer and its beginnings.
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9/124INT (interview)Brandt, Jason. Interview #1 interview. 12, Sept., 2012.Interview with Jason Brandt on All - Star cheerleading, his experiences with it, and general information on the topic. Great definition of the sport and portrayal of the industry.
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9/135ARTL (article)Ms. USASF.net. 18 May 2012. US All Star Federation. 13 Sept. 2012 <http://usasfrules.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/USASF-Rules-2012-13-updated-May-18-2012.pdf>.
Rules for All - Star teams according to level during competitions.
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9/136ARTL (article)Uselton, Daniel. "Universal Cheerleaders Association - Where America Cheers." Universal Cheerleaders Association. UCA. 13 Sept. 2012 <http://uca.varsity.com/ch_image.aspx>.
The VP of curriculum in the NCA addressing false accusations/stories the media had recently made regarding the safety of cheer.
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9/137ARTL (article)Ms. US All Star Federation. 17 Apr. 2012. USASF. 13 Sept. 2012 <http://usasf.net.ismmedia.com/ISM2//Worlds/2012/Worlds%20_Deductions%20.pdf>.
Deductions for All - Star routines during competition.
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9/138ARTL (article)Lauchaire, Nicole. "Is Cheerleading A Sport?" Being A Cheerleader (2012). Varsity.com. Varsity. 13 Sept. 2012 <http://www.varsity.com/images/library/pdf_being/sport.pdf>.
Talks about "what makes a sport a sport" according to the Women's Sport Foundation. Only cheerleading for other sports teams was discussed, not All - Star.
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9/139ARTL (article)Abbott, Megan. "Looking Past The Smile And the Sheen." The New York Times.
29 July 2012. The New York Times. 13 Sept. 2012
<http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/theater/megan-abbott-on-cheerleaders-in-pop-culture.html?adxnnl=1>.

Talks about the different kinds of cheerleaders in the media and why they're portrayed that way. Talks about how cheerleaders are actually different from their entertainment alter-egos. What would happen if we showed the Cheerleader Real instead of the ones we currently do?
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9/1310ARTL (article)Gregory, Sean. "Cheer Factor." Time. 23 Apr. 2012. Time. 14 Sept. 2012 <http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,2111810,00.html>.
Article about emerging 'sports' that have roots in cheerleading called aero and stunt.
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9/1311ARTL (article)Thomas, Katie. "GENDER GAMES; Born on Sideline, Cheering Clamors to Be Sport." The New York Times.
23 May 2011. The New York Times. 14 Sept. 2012
<http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/sports/gender-games-born-on-sideline-cheering-clamors-to-be-sport.html?_r=1>.

Talks about college cheer, Title IX, and trying to make competitive cheer a sport.
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9/2012ARTL (article)Dahl, Melissa. "Flying without a Net: Cheer Injuries on Rise." Msnbc.com. Msnbc Digital Network, 20 May 2010. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37020978/ns/health-fitness/t/flying-without-net-cheer-injuries-rise/>.Stories about girls who've been seriously injured because of cheer due to the lack of safety, funding, etc.
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9/2013ARTL (article)Shields, Brenda J., Soledad A. Fernandez, and Gary A. Smith. "Epidemiology of Cheerleading Stunt-Related Injuries in the United States." Journal of Athletic Training 44.6 (2009): 586-94. NCBI. US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, Nov.-Dec. 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775359/>.Talks about stunt-related injuries on All-Star, collegiate, high school, middle school, and recreation teams. Talks about most common injuries due to certain stunts, how the different types of teams compare, etc.
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9/2014ARTL (article)Neale, Todd. "Cheerleading Causes Most Severe Sports Injuries in Young Women." MedPage Today. MedPage Today, 12 Aug. 2008. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://www.medpagetoday.com/PrimaryCare/ExerciseFitness/10532>.Discusses how and why cheerleading is the number one most dangerous sport for women. Suggests solutions and things already set in place.
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9/2015ARTL (article)Shields, Brenda J., and Gary A. Smith. "Cheerleading-Related Injuries in the United States: A Prospective Surveillance Study." Journal of Athletic Training 44.6 (2009): 567-77. NCBI. US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, Nov.-Dec. 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775357/>.Discusses overall injuries obtained from cheerleading according to type and event. Stunting is most dangerous compared to other aspects of the sport.
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9/2416ARTL (article)Shields, Brenda A., and Gary A. Smith. "Epidemiology of Cheerleading Fall-Related Injuries in the United States." Journal of Athletic Training 44.6 (2009): 578-85. NCBI. US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, Nov.-Dec. 2009. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775358/>.Talks about how fall-related injuries occured in cheerleading according to team type and event.
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9/2417ARTL (article)O'Brien, Kathleen B. "Female Athlete Triad." TeensHealth.org. Nemours, Feb. 2002. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. <http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=KidsHealth&lic=1&ps=207&cat_id=20134&article_set=21048>.Discusses how the female athlete triad is developed and how it affects teenage athletes who have it while also discussing how to get help/cure it.
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9/2418ARTL (article)Emanuel, Ted. "The 'A' Game Athlete and Healthy Living." JamaicaObserver.com. Jamaica Observer, 15 Sept. 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/pfversion/The--A--game-athlete-and-healthy-living_12330138>.Talks about how and why certain foods are bad for the body and what complications they may cause. Talks about how "downtime" can be bad for an athlete's training.
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10/419ARTL (article)Anderson, J., L. Young, and S. Prior. "Nutrition for the Athlete." Nutrition for the Athlete. Colorado State University, n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. <http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09362.html>.Discusses good foods for athletes to eat during, before and after competitions and practices.
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10/420ARTL (article)Ipatenco, Sara. "What Healthy Foods Do Cheerleaders Eat?" LIVESTRONG.COM. Live Strong, 1 Feb. 2011. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/371706-what-healthy-foods-do-cheerleaders-eat/>.Nutrition and workout guide on how to stay fit as a competitive cheerleader. Very helpful.
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10/421BLRB (blurb)Zarda, Brett. "Bend It: The Science of Gymnastics." Popular Science. POPSCI, 19 Aug. 2008. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. <http://www.popsci.com/know-your-olympic-sport/article/2008-08/bend-it-science-gymnastics>.Talks about how vibration increases flexibility when stretching. States how athletes have to compensate for muscle loss due to inefficient equipment.
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10/1122ARTL (article)Varsity. "Core Stunts." Official Spirit Book. NCA Varsity, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.Shows basic stunting skills from shoulder sit to extended lib.
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10/1123ARTL (article)Association, College Stunt. "STUNT Handbook." Collegestunt.org. USA Cheer, 2012. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. Discusses the new sport "STUNT" and how it's played/scored/what its purpose is.
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10/1824LEC (lecture)Bryant, Kurt. "Most common injuries in cheerleading and how to prevent them." Starlite Allstars. City of Industry, CA. 10/17/12. Lecture.Lecture on the most common injuries in cheerleading and how to prevent them. Kurt Bryant is a chiropractor.
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10/1825ARTL (article)Brady, Erik. "Cheerleading in the USA: A Sport and an Industry." USATODAY.com. USA Today, 26 Apr. 2002. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. <http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/_stories/2002-04-26-cheerleading-cover.htm>.Briefly talks about new forms of cheer and how it has evolved over the years, how dedication to a team comes before being an individual. Talks about "cheerleaders who cheer for cheer."
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10/1826ARTL (article)Almassy, Steve. "Cheerleaders Prep for Hours in Search of 2½ Minutes of Perfection." CNN. CNN, 15 July 2011. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. <http://articles.cnn.com/2011-07-15/us/sports.sweep.allstar.cheerleading_1_cheerleading-stunts-competitive-cheerleading-high-school/2?_s=PM:US>.Solely about All - Star cheerleading. Focuses on Cheer Extreme from North Carolina, and their world-championship teams. Highlights the differences and sacrifices between All - Star cheer and other types of cheer.
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10/2527ARTL (article)Hu, Winnie. "Equal Cheers for Boys and Girls Draw Some Boos." The New York Times. The New York Timse, 14 Jan. 2007. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/nyregion/14title.html?hp&ex=1168750800&en=372825a6878e22d5&ei=5094&partner=homepage&_r=1&>.Discusses how cheerleaders are now being forced to cheer for boys' AND girls' sports teams due to the Title IX law.
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10/2528BLRB (blurb)Weeks, Adrienne. "The Health Benefits of Cheerleading." LIVESTRONG.COM. Live Strong, 14 June 2011. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/418057-the-health-benefits-of-cheerleading/>.Talks about how cheerleading affects and improves cardiovascular stamina, strength, coordination, and flexibility.
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10/2529ARTL (article)USASF. "All Girl L5 Club Division Score Sheets." USASF.net. United States All Star Federation, 2012. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. <http://usasf.net.ismmedia.com/ISM2//Worlds/2012_All_Girl_L5_Club_Division.pdf>.The scoresheets for Worlds L5 club division. Explains what is expected from the routine and what range of points will be awarded based on explained execution and difficulty requirements.
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10/2530INT (interview)Gonzalez, Rene. Interview #2 interview. 25, Oct., 2012.Interview with Rene Gonzalez, my mentor, to justify his experience and qualifications to be my mentor.
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11/131BLRB (blurb)Daye, Derrick, and Brad VanAuken. "Does Sex in Advertising Work?" Branding Strategy Insider. The Blake Project, 22 Mar. 2008. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2008/03/does-sex-in-adv.html>.Discusses how different tactics and strategies help certain products use sex to sell.
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11/132BK (book)Farina, Christine, and Courtney A. Clark. Complete Guide to Cheerleading: All the Tips, Tricks, and Inspiration. Minneapolis: MBI and Quayside Group, 2011. Print.A lot of info on different types of teams, different stunts, tumbling, etc.
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11/133ARTL (article)United States. US Department of Labor. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management. DOL.gov. US Department of Labor, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. <http://www.dol.gov/oasam/regs/statutes/titleix.htm#.UJN408U1-Sq>.

Law regarding equal opportunity for students in all aspects of school regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, etc.
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11/834ARTL (article)Collins, Lois M., and Sara Lenz. "The End of Innocence: The Cost of Sexualizing Kids." DeseretNews.com. Deseret News, 8 Sept. 2011. Web. 08 Nov. 2012.Discusses how sexualized kids become at a young age, how women are portrayed in the media, how women will never be able to live up to the fake/unrealistic ideal women set forth by our society. Kids are becoming more sexualized by everything around them and how commercials don't necessarily promote sex as an act but they use it to promote consumerism.
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11/835ARTL (article)Allegheny County Health Department. Nutrition for Teen Athletes. Pittsburgh: Allegheny County Health Department, n.d. ACHD.net. Bruce W. Dixon. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. <http://www.achd.net/chrond/pubs/pdf/nutrteen.pdf>.Talks about the three food groups/types that athletes need to consume everyday. Also talks about how much of each group should be consumed based on weight and RDA. Gives examples of good things to eat high in carbs and natural fats, calcium, protein, etc.
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11/836ARTL (article)Thomas, Katie. "Study Finds Gender Barriers In Sports." The New York Times. The New York Times, 09 Oct. 2008. Web. 08 Nov. 2012.Discusses the results from a study done on the likeliness of girls and boys participating in sports in urban areas vs. girls and boys participating in sports in suburban areas. Also takes immigration and cultural background into consideration.
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1/1037ARTL (article)Schmalz, Dorothy L., and Deborah L. Kerstetter. "Girlie Girls and Manly Men: Children's Stigma Consciousness of Gender in Sports and Physical Activity." Journal of Leisure Research 38.4 (2006): 536-57. Waukesha.UWC.edu. National Recreation and Park Association, 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.A study that researches how young kids who are engaged in sports or physical activities view society's gender roles in sports, and how it affects the sports they play and the way they interact with each other.
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1/1738ARTL (article)Flanagan, Kelly E., Dr., Claudette I. Baker, Melissa Fortin, and Derrick V. Tinsley. "The Effect of Gender Opportunity in Sports on the Priorities and Aspirations of Young Athletes." The Sport Journal 9.2 (2006): n. pag. TheSportJournal.org. United States Sports Academy, Spring 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.A study that shows young athletes' aspirations and priorities within sports due to gender opportunities allotted by society.
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1/1739ARTL (article)Thomas, Jeffrey. "US Gender Equity Law Led to Boom in Female Sports Participation." IIP Digital. United States of America Embassy, 01 Apr. 2008. Web. 17 Jan. 2013.Discusses how sports aren't equal for girls and how they have such a positive effect on girls that are lifelong.
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1/1740ARTL (article)Li, Weidong, Amelia M. Lee, and Melinda A. Solmon. "Gender Differences in Beliefs About the Influence of Ability and Effort in Sport and Physical Activity." Sex Roles 54.1-2 (2006): 147-56. Springer Link. Department of Health & Sport Sciences, 1 Jan. 2006. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11199-006-8876-7?LI=true>.Discusses how there are two ways to look at sports in regards to success. Talks about how they affect men and women differently and why.
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1/1741ARTL (article)Parr, Thomas J., M.D., F.A.C.S. "Sports Medicine for Cheerleading and Gymnastics." FTBendSportsMedicine.com. Thomas J. Parr, 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2013.An orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine doctor's overview of the dangers of cheerleading and gymnastics. He talks about learning how to fall correctly, evaluating the professional educational levels of prospective coaches, a proper diet, and physical conditioning. He also discusses sport-specific injuries and how to prevent all of the injuries caused by inefficiciency in one of those factors.
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1/2442 ABOOK (book)Troutman, Kelly P., and Mikaela J. Dufur. "Sports Participation Increases Rates of Female College Graduation." Girls and Sports. Ed. Karen Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2010. 97-104. Print.A study that shows girls who participate in sports during high school are 44% - 73% more likely to graduate from college as opposed to boys who participate in sports in high school. Briefly discusses why gender differences cause different thought processes and values within sports and their lives.
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1/2442 BBOOK (book)Siegel, Jon. "Schools Support Cheerleaders as Athletes." Girls and Sports. Ed. Karen Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2010. 140-46. Print.This article discusses support of cheerleading as a sport from high schools, and how it is extremely beneficial to the athletes specifically at that school.
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1/2443 ABOOK (book)Hanson, Mary Ellen. "On the Sidelines and in the Headlines: Images of Cheerleading in American Culture." Go! Fight! Win!: Cheerleading in American Culture. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State Univ. Popular, 1995. 99-107. Print.Discusses how cheerleading has evolved over the years and become more sexualized as it becomes more and more mainstream. Talks about differences between professional cheerleaders and other types of cheerleaders.
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2/744INT (interview)Gonzalez, Rene. Interview #3 interview. 7, Feb., 2013.Interview with my coach and mentor Rene Gonzalez about possible answers to my working EQ.
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3/742 CBOOK (book)Miller, Karen. "Schools Do Not Support Cheerleaders as Athletes." Girls and Sports. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2010. 140-47. Print.Article that discusses the numerous safety risks cheerleaders face due to unqualified coaches and improper practice equipment. Talks about improving these things.
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3/743 BBOOK (book)Hanson, Mary Ellen. "Competition." Go! Fight! Win!: Cheerleading in American Culture. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State Univ. Popular, 1995. 91-97. Print.Talks about the history and views on early competitive cheer. Also discusses gender roiles and whether it is a sport or not.
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3/745BOOK (book)Neil, Randy. "Gymnastics." The Official Cheerleader's Handbook. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979. 117-51. Print.A lot of step by step guides/pictures on how to (for the most part) properly perform tumbling (or gymnastics) skills in cheer.
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3/1442 DBOOK (book)Miller, Karen. "Athlets Are Judged According to Gendered Sports Stereotypes." Girls and Sports. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2010. 38-47. Print.Talks about gender differences according to many different factors. For example, how athletic boys percieve their bodies vs.how athletic girls perveive their bodies. Discusses how the type of sport affects the gender and how the "the gender of the sport trumps the athlete."
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3/1446ARTL (article)Palacio, Luis E., MD, and Craig C. Young, MD. "Nutrition for the Female Athlete." Medscape Reference. Medscape.com, 5 Dec. 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.Discusses how a lot of girls who are athletes don't eat properly. "Female dancers consume less than 70% of recommended daily energy needs." Talks about which foods to eat at what time during teh workout and/or day and why.
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3/1447ARTL (article)"Cheerleading Injuries: Epidemiology and Recommendations for Prevention." Pediatrics (2012): 966-71. Pediactrics.aappublications.org. The American Academy of Pediatrics, 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.An AMAZING study that focuses on injury and prevention in all types of cheer. Includes All-Star Cheerleading (for the first time like ever.)
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4/1148ARTL (article)Nassar, Larry, Steve Elliot, and Tammy Biggs. "Lower Extremity Functional Progression." Technique 18.1 (1998): n. pag. Usagym.org. USA Gymnastics, Jan. 1998. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.An exercise and study done on helping gymnasts get back into tumbling after suffering from a back or lower extremity injury.
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4/1149ARTL (article)King, Mark A., and Maurice R. Yeadon. "Maximising Somersault Rotation in Tumbling." Journal of Biomechanics 37 (2003): 471-77. Lboro.ac.uk. Longborough University, 1 Sept. 2003. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.A study done on the biomechanics of performing a full twisting layout. Really crazy and kind of hard to follow/understand. Very interesting and teaches how to maximize performance and execution of the skill.
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4/1150BLRB (blurb)Kastner, Jami. "Gymnastics & Tumbling Guide." LIVESTRONG.COM. Livestrong, 11 June 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.Quick tips and pointers to keep in mind while you're practicing already known tumbling skills or learning new ones.
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4/2551AV (audio-visual)Cheer Stretching with Gabi Butler. By Gabi Butler. Perf. Gabi Butler. Youtube.com - Cheer Stretching with Gabi Butler. Youtube, 18 Dec. 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Vn9_IrAWCQ>.
Very good stretches cheerleaders can do on their own that will help them with their body positions and jumps. Stresses the importance of breathing while stretching and making sure to stretch both sides of your body to avoid injuries.
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4/2552AV (audio-visual)Cheerleaders Ep.1 - Meet the SMOED Squad. Prod. Autumn DeVitry. Perf. SMOED. Youtube.com - Cheerleaders Ep.1 - Meet the SMOED Squad. Youtube, 20 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BCzaR9N2zA>.An introductory video to Califiornia Allstars team SMOED, shows what normal practices are like and how intense practice can be. Focuses a lot on Clinton, a boy whose parents don't want him to cheer, but he loves the sport and is an essential team member since he's a boy.
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5/1953INT (interview)Zavala, Sal. Interview #4 interview. 19, May, 2013.An interview on the most important factors to progress to a level 2 All-Star cheerleading team from the perspective of a coach.
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5/1954ARTL (article)Love, Debbie. Debbie Love's article on mental blocks. Why they happen, and what to do to overcome them. Extremely helpful.